初一.初二英語時(shí)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)

初一、初二英語時(shí)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)句子的時(shí)態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞的變化來表現(xiàn)的，通過觀察一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的不同形式可以看出句子的時(shí)態(tài)，表明發(fā)生的時(shí)間。有些時(shí)態(tài)可以通過時(shí)間狀語來確定，有些則根據(jù)常識(shí)來確定。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示方法：主語除了三單以外的人稱用動(dòng)詞原形，主語是三單（he,she,it,人名、物名）時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的表示方法與名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是一樣的，即動(dòng)詞的三單。動(dòng)詞的三單變化：一般在動(dòng)詞后加-S；以s,X,0,sh,ch結(jié)尾的加es;以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i,再加es;以f,fe結(jié)尾的變f,fe為v,再加es。哪些情況下用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1）表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征和真理。句中常用often,usually,always,seldom,every...,sometimes,everyday/morning/Sunday,onSunday等時(shí)間狀語。例如：Hegoestoschooleveryday.他每天去上學(xué)。Heisveryhappy.他很開心。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。（特性）2）在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。例如：Ifyoucomethisafternoon,we'llhaveameeting.如果你今天下午過來，我們將開個(gè)會(huì)。WhenIgraduate,I'llgotocountryside.畢業(yè)后我要去鄉(xiāng)下。3）有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語），但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等。例如：Themeetingbeginsatseven.會(huì)議七點(diǎn)開始。Therainstartsatnineinthemorning.上午九點(diǎn)開始下雨。4）表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞（be,like,hate,think,rememberfind,sound等）常用一般現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。IlikeEnglishverymuch.我非常喜歡英語。Thestorysoundsveryinteresting.這個(gè)故事聽起來很有趣?？偟恼f：表示習(xí)慣、愛好、頻率（經(jīng)常、總是、偶爾）、規(guī)律、事實(shí)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的肯定句、否定句、疑問句1）be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am,is,are否定句：在am,is,are加not一般疑問句：把a(bǔ)m,is,are提到句首Iamateacher.I'mnotateacher.Areyouateacher?Sheisabeautifulgirl.Sheisn'tabeautiful.Issheabeautifulgirl?Theyarecarefulstudents.Theyaren'tcarefulstudents.Aretheycarefulstudents?2）實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)肯定句：主語除了三單以外的人稱用動(dòng)詞原形，主語是三單he,she,it,人名、物名）時(shí),動(dòng)詞的表示方法與名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是一樣的，即動(dòng)詞的三單。否定句：三單在動(dòng)詞原形前加doesn't,其余人稱加don't疑問句：一般在句首加Do,三單在句首加Does后動(dòng)詞還原。IlikeEnglish.Idon'tlikeEnglish.DoyoulikeEnglish?MymotherteachesEnglish.Mymotherdoesn'tteachEnglishDoesyourmotherteachEnglish?二、一般過去時(shí)的用法表示方法：用動(dòng)詞的過去式表示動(dòng)詞的過去式的表示方法：be動(dòng)詞的過去式：was,were實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的過去式：一般在動(dòng)詞后加-ed;以e結(jié)尾的加-d,以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed,以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的雙寫末尾的輔音字母加ed.特殊的動(dòng)詞的過去式如take-took等要記憶。哪些情況下用一般過去時(shí)1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：時(shí)間狀語有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow,once等。例如：Wheredidyougojustnow?剛才你上哪兒去了？2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如：WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，常在馬路上踢足球。WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.那時(shí)，布朗一家無論什么時(shí)候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。3）在時(shí)間狀語從句中，由when引導(dǎo)從句的瞬間性動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，主句常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。IwaswatchingTVwhentherainstormsuddenlycame.（瞬間性動(dòng)詞）Benwashelpinghismommakedinnerwhentherainbegantobeatheavilyagainstthewindows.（瞬間性動(dòng)詞）4）注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。例如：could,wouldCouldyoulendmeyourbike?你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)一下，usedto/beusedtousedto+do："過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。例如：Motherusednottobesoforgetful.老媽過去沒那么健忘。Scarfusedtotakeawalk.斯卡夫過去常常散步。beusedto+doing對(duì)……已感到習(xí)慣，或'習(xí)慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如：Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。典型例題----Yourphonenumberagain?Iquitecatchit.----It's69568442.A.didn'tB.couldn'tC.don'tD.can't答案A.本句雖沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時(shí)候沒有聽懂這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。一般過去時(shí)的否定句和疑問句was,were的否定句直接在后面加not,疑問句把was,were提前。實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的否定句在動(dòng)詞原形的前面加didn't,疑問句在句首加Did后動(dòng)詞還原。Shewasateacherthreeyearsago.Shewasnotateacherthreeyearsago.Wassheateacherthreeyearsago?IwatchedTVyesterdayevening.Ididn'twatchTVyesterdayevening.DidyouwatchTVyesterdayevening?三、一般將來時(shí)的用法一般將來時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其表達(dá)形式“will或shall+動(dòng)詞原形”；表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事，或某種跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事，其表達(dá)形式“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”。常用的時(shí)間狀語tomorrow（morning/afternoon/evening）；nextyear/month/weekLookatthecloudsinthesky!Itisgoingtorain.要下雨了。（跡象）Wearegoingtohaveameetingtoday.我們今天要開個(gè)會(huì)。（打算）C.WewillhaveameetingnextSunday.（將來）在When,assoonas,if等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，時(shí)態(tài)是主將從現(xiàn)。例如：Ifyoucomethisafternoon,we'llhaveameeting.如果你今天下午過來，我們將開個(gè)會(huì)。WhenIgraduate,I'llgotocountryside.畢業(yè)后我要去鄉(xiāng)下。C.IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinBeijing.四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1■表示方法：am/is/are（助動(dòng)詞）+v-ing（現(xiàn)在分詞）否定句：am/is/are+not+v-ing疑問句：把a(bǔ)m/is/are提到句首現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成一般在動(dòng)詞后口-ing如:work--working，sleep--sleeping，study--studying;以e結(jié)尾的去e力口ingtake--taking，make--making，dance--dancing;重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫詞尾字母，再加-ingcutcuttingputputtingbeginbeginning以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把變成y再加-inglielyingtietyingdiedying現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1）現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用的時(shí)間狀語now，其它詞如：look,listen等。Sheiswateringtheflowers.Aretheyworkingnow?Theyarelisteningtotheteacher.2）always用在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中，表示表揚(yáng)、批評(píng)、抱怨、責(zé)備等口吻。Theyarealwayscomparingthemwithotherchildren.Heisalwayshelpingotherswhentheyareintrouble.3）有些動(dòng)詞即趨向性動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。這些動(dòng)詞是：come,go,leave,plan,等。Iamleavingtomorrow.IamgoingtoSingaporenextweek.五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示方法：was/were（助動(dòng)詞）+v-ing否定句：was/were+not+v-ing疑問句：把was/were提到句首過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常用的時(shí)間狀語histimeyesterday,atteno'clockyesterday,atthattime，whenhecameback等。.Wewerereadinginclassthistimeyesterday用于when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中.Iwasdrawingapicturewhentheteachercamein.Aron'sarmwascaughtundera2000-kilorockthatfellonhimwhenhewasclimbingbyhimselfinthemountains.(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)Whileyouweresleeping,IcalledJennyandshehelpedme.Ben'sdadwasputtingpiecesofwoodoverthewindowswhilehismomwasmakingsuretheflashlightsandradiowereworking.六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的表示方法：have/has(助動(dòng)詞)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞否定句：have/has(助動(dòng)詞)+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞疑問句：把have/has提到句首。動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法一般的和動(dòng)詞的過去式的變化是一樣的，特殊的需要記憶。過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常用的副詞或時(shí)間狀語already，just，before，never，ever,forthreeyears，since1990，thesedays表示過去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)I'vealreadypostedtheletter.Wehaveknowneachotherfortenyears.Theylivedheresince1997.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?2.havebeento與havegoneto的區(qū)另Llhavebeento表示去了某地已經(jīng)回來了，havegoneto表示去了某地還沒有回來I'mverytiredbecauseIhavejustbeentoLondon.--WhereisMissSmith?--Shehasgonetothelibrary.練習(xí)一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1．Heswimmingintherivereverydayinsummer.(go)Ityouareright.(seem)Look,thechildrenbasketballontheplayground.(play).HetotheradiowhenIcamein,(listen).Itisverycold.Ithinkit.(rain)—Ineedsomepaper.—Isomeforyou.(bring)Ican'tfindmypen.Whoit?(take)Imybike,soIhavetowalktoschool.(lose)Hedownandbegantoreadhisnewspaper.(sit)withyouifIhavetime.(go)11.Wewillgotothecinemaifittomorrow.(rain)willtellherthenewswhenshetoseemenextweek.(come)willtellherthenewswhenshetoseemenextweek.(come)“Whenyouthecar?”“In1998.”(buy)Wegoodfriendssincewemetatschool.(be)Whatyouatfiveyesterdayafternoon?(do)Thebikeisnice.Howmuchit?(cost)二、選擇最佳答案填空()1.We'llgoswimmingiftheweatherfinetomorrow.A.isB.wasC.willbeD.isgoingtobe()2.ItfiveyearssincehehasleftforBeijing.A.wasB.havebeenC.isD.isgoingtobe()3.Pleasedon'tleavetheofficeuntilyourfriendback.A.cameB.comesC.havecomeD.willcome()4.IwilltellhimassoonashebackA.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.came()5.Maryonshoeswhenshethem.A.tries???buysB.tries…buiesC.trys…buysD.trys…buies()6.Listen!Someoneinthenextroom.A.criedB.cryingC.iscryingD.hascried()7.Youmusttellhimthenewsassoonasyouhim.A.seeB.seesC.willseeD.isseeing()8.WetotheGreatWallseveraltimes.A.goB.weregoingC.havegoneD.havebeen()9.Asshethenewspaper,Grannyasleep.A.read,wasfallingB.fellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fell()10.HeusuallyTVonSundayevening.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.iswatching()11.We'llgotoplaywithsnowifittomorrow.A.snowB.snowsC.willsnowD.snowed()12.TheYoungPioneerwaterfortheoldmaneveryday.A.carryB.bringC.takesD.carries()13.Someareintheriverandsomeare_games.A.swimming…playingB.swimming*plaiingC.swimming…IplayingD.swimming???plaing()14.Look!TheboystudentsarefootballwhilethegirlsareA.playing…danceB.playing…dancingC.play…dancingD.play…dance()15.Hetodohislessonsateighteveryevening.A.isbeginningB.isbeginningC.beginD.begins()16.he_____onwellwithhisfriendsthisterm?A.Does???getsB.Does???getC.Is???gettingD.Is???geting()17.MrSmithshortstories,butheaTVplaythesedays.A.iswriting???iswritingB.iswriting…writesC.writes…iswritingD.writes…writes()18.yououtforawalkaftersupper?Yes,I.A.Did???went???wentB.Did…go…wentC.Did…went…didD.Did…go…did()19.Jack_____onwithhisworkortohavearest?A.Did…went…stoppedB.Did…go…stopC.Did…went…stopD.Did…g