高中英語人教版必修三教學(xué)案：Unit4Section1含答案

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars山eoryviolrtil“uLikeftuidiuuenraliLHXlldlLlrxislthuspi皿Ip門rashpullinlhikelay產(chǎn)目明givebirlhti>intmr'sturnpiWfitl…山eoryviolrtil“uLikeftuidiuuenraliLHXlldlLlrxislthuspi皿Ip門rashpullinlhikelay產(chǎn)目明givebirlhti>intmr'sturnpiWfitl…fhmih|c>rk<inTcheerii])[ii(jwiiiat1rmakeit.-tadj.ludu.wi.□.llM.倍數(shù)表達(dá)注k語從句拿口口耳finalbn^ikout nowihnt^1rlininip wMichini\for讓步一狀語從句解決問題類AjstmriomyMihunldi-Miw-it-iueknownioThou-21nds?fyr*『*」集"nymkhJkt^luithe*\tjigjmrlwrunckri^laboutaliifheawn^.Butmanw；i*lumiledlbydiu'【xpliintii?活演背景搶先讀ihfithvcouldrwhhhu七丫弋第ukine.The<#Fk^k^srud%-h>-irowimyover2?000注nr、”Ko,lThcycuuldstrlhesize-col-our?andhr譙hlntY*-ofam「.Theycould居erit言platrintbr^kv.ThrywslchrdIhe苒「算ni￡iv￥asthe^rasOii^chainjfrdLEhnIhe(Jrtfk^hudnotod、tohTp由心航同口-Mudyihrhicafeh.^.EachtieWluolH』dedtoIlit!flcldlofhelpedm^iiirtuehmilimio/照舊，Unniihrtrwere加%度墀旭3*nirmknewalinknbuultheniwiufitdidnu(knnwih^atheplanetcolledSj^urm■hadr'm^aroundit.Him^iphiwasmnliiniwdthathamuldnnlswMltheplanets.I*-furcihf^peclroscupr-mjindidMkiivwwhatkiMof盟*、wasamLindtbesunarotherstars.Withoulth.nrAdiolclE?-wO|jii'1.w*ilicli?Dlkinowihfllrndio”加cjaiih-fr(Mn/.iin>partirTpclay.aTrnnDTny&a算「口,加*%-%□工”，W?'k;mlearnedmoreinthelastfillyyearsthaninthewholehisinry「闌誡碑碑詞］①tTmpi?ria里四StSaturn小土星③spfHmxEpp小牙叱替^ndiottlcKopc隊(duì)時電里通糖SectionIReading(Warmingup&Reading)I.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.I.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1.astronomyA.學(xué)說；理論2.systemB.猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的3.theoryC.大氣層；氣氛4.violentD.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的5.atmosphereE.乘；增加6.fundamentalF.謎；（使）迷惑7.harmfulG.存在；生存8.multiplyH.有害的9.existI.天乂字10.puzzleJ.系統(tǒng)；體系；制度答案：1?5IJABC6?10DHEGFn.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.Thetruthwillcometolightintime.遲早Asweknow,layingeggsistheantqueen'sfull-timejob.下甯Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nobodycanpreventherfromcarryingouttheplan.阻止Whenitwasinmyturn,Iwastooexcitedtospeak.輪至UJanehasjustgivenbirthtotwins,sohermothermustbeinthehospitallookingafterhernow.分娩Myrelationshipwiththeactorsisfundamentaltomyworkasadirector.對……(來t兌)是基本的（傳說）may（傳說）mayA B CPictureAmaytellusPanguseparatestheskyfromtheearth.PictureBmaytellustheGoddessNvwamendedtheheavenandcreatedhumanbeingsfromtheclay（黏土）.PictureCmaytellusaccordingtotheBibleGodcreatedtheworldinsevendays.n.Discussion:Areyouinterestedinastronomy?Why?Yes,Iam.BecauseIwanttoknowmoreaboutthestars,themoon,thesunandtheuniverse.Ifweexploredandstudiedthemverywell,wecanserveforourcountryand_humanbeingsverywell.Fl?月—I.Fast-readingMatchthemainideawiththeproperparagraph.Para.1A.Theformationoftheearth.Para.2B.Awidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverse.Para.3C.Thedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearth.Para.4D.Thearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth.Para.5E.Theimportanceofwaterforlife.答案：Paras.1?5BAECDWhatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Theimportanceofwater.Howthelifebeganontheearth.Howhumanbeingsappeared.Howplantsappeared.答案：Bn.Careful-readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.Whywaslifeabletodevelopontheearthbutnotonotherplanets?Theearthhadasolidshape.Theearthdidn'thaveharmfulgasesinitsatmosphere.Thewaterstayedontheearthbutnotonotherplanets.Theearthwasnottoohotandnottoocold.Whyareplantsimportantontheearth?A.Theyproduceoxygenforanimals.Theyprovidetheshadeforanimals.Theyprovideabeautifulscene.Theyprotectthesoilfrombeingdestroyed.Whatisthecorrectorderaccordingtothetext?Thecleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappearedandspreadallovertheearth.The"BigBang".Smallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.65millionyearsago,theageofthedinosaursended.A.②①③④ B.④③①②C.②④③① D.②③④①Earlyhumansappearedafterdinosaursdiedoutmillionyearslater.A.67.6 B,62.4C.65 D.140答案：1?4CADBin.Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.［句式分析」［嘗試番S譯］沒有人確切地知道地球的起源，因?yàn)槟鞘呛芫靡郧暗氖铝恕hatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.

［句式分析］W語從句Whatkwastubeeiudwasuncertain-*主干句"時間I狀語untilbetween4.5nnd3.8billionyearsago:定語從向whenthrdnsiseitiedintoasolidglobe［嘗試番S譯］隨后它會變成什么沒人能知道，直到 38-45億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成了一個固態(tài)的球體。Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.［句式分析］這是一個復(fù)雜的句子。 what引導(dǎo)主語從句；that引導(dǎo)表語從句；as在表語從句中引導(dǎo)狀語從句。［嘗試番S譯］更重要的是.隨著地球的不斷冷卻.地球表面出現(xiàn)了水。Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.[句式分析]Sowhriherlifewilleuntinut'..,yviir>luconic主語從向whtdInTthispr(jhkbtnranheslj]賓語從旬演練提能［嘗試番S譯］所以在未來的千百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)下去將取決于這個問題演練提能課下過關(guān)檢測提能力［對應(yīng)學(xué)生課下能力提升（十三）］閱讀理解Ofalltheplanets,nonehascaptured（吸弓I）theworld'simaginationlikeMars.Itsreddish（淡紅的）colorandchangesinbrightnessovertimemaketheplanetanunforgettablesight.InCosmos,thetelevisionscienceseriesfromthe1980s,scientistCarlSagantalkedaboutsometraditionalideasaboutMars.SomeoftheseideasarefromtheEnglishsciencefictionwriterH.GWells'TheWaroftheWorlds.OthersarefromthemistakenscienceofPercivalLowell,theAmericanastronomerwhobelievedintelligentbeingslivedonMars.WellsdescribedMartiansasthreatening.Lowellimaginedthemasthehopefulengineersofgreatworks.CarlSagansaidthatbothideasinfluencedthepublicdeeply.Today,Marscontinuestoexcitehumans-notastheobjectofsciencefictionbutofscientificstudy.Spacescientistshavecollectedawealthofinformationfromspacecraftsthathaveorbited（沿軌道運(yùn)行）,landedonanddugintotheMartiansurface.TheSmithsonian's"MarsDay"offeredachanceforpeopleofallagestotouchMars,oratleastapieceofit.AllisonandAlyciafromSilverSpring,Maryland,broughttheirchildren,Grace,Sam,RyanandEmma.TheyheardaboutMarsanditsgeologyfromexperts.TheycouldseeatestversionoftheVikinglandersthatreachedMarsinJulyof1976.Theyalsosawmeteorites（隕星）knowntohavecomefromthered,orreddishplanet.Eight-year-oldSamlearnedthattheancientdescriptionofMarsasredisnotexactlyright.Hesaid,"It'sactuallyorangishmorethanredandit'salsokindofbrown. "Emmaissix.ShelearnedaboutthevolcanicactivitythathasshapedthesurfaceofMars.Shesaid,“TheclosestthingtoMars—thestuff—isfromvolcanoesmostly.”“MarsDay“offeredAllisonandAlycia'schildrenachancetolearnmoreaboutaworldthattheyareverylikelytosetfootonwithintheirlifetimes.語篇解讀：在“火星日”，人們可以對火星有更好的了解和認(rèn)識。WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.WhyMartianswereconsideredthreatening.WhyMarshascapturedtheworld'simagination.WhatpeoplegenerallythoughtofMarsinthepast.HowH.GWellsgottheideaforhissciencefiction.解析：選C段落大意題。通讀第二段，可知主要是講人們關(guān)于火星的一些傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)識，故選CoItisimpliedinParagraph3that.A．today'sspacescientistsstillknownothingaboutMarsB．today'sspacescientistsareveryinterestedinMarsC．sciencefictionfilmsarenolongersetinMarsD．spacescientistshaven'tmadeanyprogressinknowingMars解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Today,Marscontinuestoexcitehumans—notastheobjectofsciencefictionbutofscientificstudy.”以及后一句“Spacescientistshavecollectedawealthofinformation...”可推斷現(xiàn)在的航天科學(xué)家們對火星很感興趣。Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardtheideathathumanswillsetfootonMars?A．Hethinksitmayhappeninthisyear.B．Hethinksitwillalwaysremainadream.C．Hethinksitwillcometruewithinhundredsofyears.D．Hethinksitmayhappeninthefollowingdecades.解析：選D觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)末段的 “aworldthattheyareverylikelytosetfootonwithintheirlifetimes”可知作者認(rèn)為人類在接下來的幾十年內(nèi)就有可能登上火星。TheSmithsonian's“MarsDay”mightNOTofferpeopleachanceto ．A．learnaboutthesurfaceofMarsB．seeatestversionofsomeVikinglandersC．seemeteoritesknowntohavecomefromMarsD．sitinaspacecrafttoexperiencethelifeofanastronaut解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文，可知作者并沒有提到在火星日，前往參觀的人可以坐在宇宙飛船里體驗(yàn)宇航員的生活，故選D。BWhenIarrivedat6aminthehospitalkitchen,Rosewasalreadycheckingnametags（標(biāo)簽）onthetrays（托盤）．“Hi,I'mJanet.”Itriedtosoundcheerful,althoughIalreadyknewRose'sreputationforbeingimpossibletoworkwith.“I'mscheduledtoworkwithyouthisweek.”Rose,amiddle-agedwoman,stoppedwhatshewasdoingandlookedcloselyoverherreadingglasses.Icouldtellfromherexpressionshewasn'tpleasedtoseeastudentworker.“Whatdoyouwantmetodo?Startthecoffee？”Iasked.Rosenoddedandwentbacktocheckingnametags.Ifilledthe40-cuppotwithcoldwaterandbeganmakingcoffeewhenRoseyelled, “That'snotthewaytomakecoffee！”Shesteppedinandtookover.NothingIdidpleasedher.Maybeshedidn'tBackathome,Istayedaloneinmyroom,fightingbacktears.Ithought,feelwell.Maybeshehadsometrouble.”Idecidedtoforgiveherandtrytogetalongwithher.Maybeshedidn'tThenextmorning,IignoredthehurtfulremarksthrowninmydirectionanddidthingsRose'swayasmuchaspossible.Overthenextfewdaysanamazingthingbegantohappen.Myfocusshiftedfromwhatshewasdoingtome,andIstartedseeingRoseasthepersonshewashurting.Theicytensionbegantomeltaway.Throughouttherestofthesummer,wehadnumerousopportunitiestoworktogether.Eachtimesheseemedhappytoseeme.AsIworkedwiththislonelywoman,Ilistenedtoher—somethingnooneelsehaddone.Ilearnedthatshewasburdenedbyelderlyparentswhoneededhercareandherownhealthproblems.ThatsummerIlearnedalessonI'veneverforgotten.TheworldisfullofpeoplelikeRose—annoying,demanding,unlovable—yethurtinginside.I'vefoundthatloveisthebestwaytoturnanenemyintoafriend.語篇解讀：本文是記敘文。作者通過暑期兼職經(jīng)歷領(lǐng)悟到要善待不好相處的人。WhatwasRose'sattitudetowardstheauthorthefirstdaytheymet?A．Polite. B．Curious.C．Dissatisfied. D．Unashamed.解析：選C推理判斷題。由第六段末的“Roseyelled‘That'snotthewaytomakecoffee！’Shesteppedinandtookover.NothingIdidpleasedher.”可推斷，Rose與作者認(rèn)識的當(dāng)天對作者很不滿意。Aftergettinghomefromworkthefirstday,theauthor ．A．wasverytired B．feltquiteupsetC．wasprettylonely D．feltgenerallyunwell解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第七段中的 fightingbacktears”可知，作者在第一天工作完回家后感到很不開心。WhatdidtheauthordoafterherfirstdayofworkingwithRose?A．ShehurtRose. B．ShehelpedRose.C．SheignoredRose.D．ShetoleratedRose.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第八段中的 “IignoredthehurtfulremarksthrowninmydirectionanddidthingsRose'swayasmuchaspossible”可知，與Rose第一天合作后，作者開始包容 Rose。Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Neverjudgebyappearances.Friendshipislovewithunderstanding.Misfortunestestthesincerityoffriends.Manhasnotagreaterenemythanhimself.解析：選B推理判斷題。由最后兩段尤其是文章末句 I'vefoundthatloveisthebestwaytoturnanenemyintoafriend."可知，作者對Rose采取了包容的態(tài)度后兩人關(guān)系變得和諧，作者逐漸理解了Rose,且兩人最終成為了朋友。據(jù)此可推斷，友誼就是愛和理解。CItseemswecan'tgetofftheplanetfastenough.TwothirdsofNASA'smoneyisspentonmannedspaceexploration,andthatnumberwillgrowwiththeUSA'sdecisiontosendamantoMarsin2037.We'veseenallthereistoseeonEarth,right?Wrong.Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea.Headingdownintotheocean,humanlimitsarequicklyreached.At200metres,thewaterisasblackasamoonlessnight.Mostnuclearsubmarines（核潛艇）wouldimplode（內(nèi)爆）beforetheyreach1kmdown.At3km—stilllessthantheaveragedepthoftheocean-there'sagoodchancethatyou'lldiscoveranewspecies.Thedeepest-divingwhalesgonofurther.Attheverybottom,about11kmdown,liestheChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.EighteenhumanshavewalkedontheMoon,butonlythreehaveseentheDeepwiththeirowneyes.Yetthingslivedownthere.Bigthings.Averyloudsoundwasonceheardandscientistssuggestedthatitwasproducedbyananimalbiggerthanabluewhale,thelargestcreatureknownontheplanet.Inthelate1990s,deep-watersubmarinewasdroppedintheSouthernOcean,andpassing4,000metres,itdiscoveredsomethinghugepassingunderit.Surprised?Don'tbe.Theoceancovers70%oftheplanet'ssurfaceandwe'vestudiedlessthan5%ofit.WeknowmoreaboutthedarksideoftheMoonthanaboutthebottomofthesea.Onereasonthatweexplorespaceistofindevidenceofotherlifeforms.ThesearchforlifeoutsideofEarthisimportant,butrobotscanlookunderthedryrocksofMarsbetterthanhumans.They'reabsolutelyimportantfordoingoceanresearchtoo,buttheycan'tlookunderthesea.Thecostofexplorationisrising,buttheresultswouldbenefitallourlives.Understandingtheoceanswillhelpusfindnewsourcesoffood,drugsandenergy.Perhapsnowit'stimetobeginanewperiodofseaexploration.Mannedexplorationofspaceissciencefiction（科幻小說）.Theadventureofthedeepseaissciencefact.語篇解讀：本文是議論文。作者在文中討論了進(jìn)行海洋探索的重大意義。WhatdoweknowabouttheChallengerDeep?A．Bluewhaleslivethere.B．Noonehaseverbeenthere.C．Peopleareterrifiedbythesightofit.D．ItisthedeepestknownlocationonEarth.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的 “theChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean”可知，挑戰(zhàn)號深淵是地球上目前已知的最深的海底。WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthediscoveryintheSouthernOcean?A．It'ssurprising.B．It'snowonder.C．It'sworrying.D．It'snosuccess.解析：選B觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段中的 “Surprised?Don'tbe.Theoceancovers70%oftheplanet'ssurfaceandwe'vestudiedlessthan5%ofit.WeknowmoreaboutthedarksideoftheMoonthanaboutthebottomofthesea.”可知，作者認(rèn)為南冰洋中可能存在比藍(lán)鯨更大生物的發(fā)現(xiàn)不足為奇。．Whydoweneedtoexplorethesea?A．Seaexplorationischeaperthaneverbefore.B．Wehaveexploredlessthan5%ofthesea.C．Itwillhelpimproveourfuturelife.D．Itwillbenefitspaceexploration.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的 “theresultswouldbenefitallourlives.Understandingtheoceanswillhelpusfindnewsourcesoffood,drugsandenergy”可知，海洋探索將造福人類。Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A．Spaceexplorationisoflittlevalue.B．Wespendtoomuchmoneyonspacetravel.C．Humans'successliesinhowmuchtheyexplorethesea.D．Theoceanistheplacewhereweshouldmakeourefforts.解析：選D主旨大意題。作者在文章第一段就點(diǎn)出自己的觀點(diǎn)： “Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea.”，并在接下來的段落中具體論述海洋探索的重大意義。由此可知，D項(xiàng)概括了文章主旨。［課文對譯］HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHNooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandotherbodies.Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang”，theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthbecametoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan1