語法填空-2020年高考英語之糾錯筆記原卷版

專題14語法填空易錯點1錯用“慣性思維”國畫囹網(wǎng)1.StayingtheoldestpersonisfinishedisconsideredtobeabasictraditionofKoreantablemanners.一■一■一—一■一■一—一■一■————一■一■一—一■一■一—一■一■一—一■一■——一■一■一一■F【錯因分析】有些考生看到stay后面跟的是人，就會想到with,殊不知這里不是填介詞而是連詞?！驹囶}解析】句意：一直等到最年長的人用膳完畢被認為是韓國餐桌禮儀的一個傳統(tǒng)。故填until?！緟⒖即鸢浮縰ntil一■一■一—一■一■一—一■一■————一■一■一—一■一■一—一■一■一—一■一■——一■一■一一■F2.July1,1997sawthereturnofHongKongtoChina.ThedayourChinesepeoplehadlookedforwardto （come）atlast.■—■-■-■"1?【錯因分析】有些考生看到”lookforwardto”就馬上想到固定搭配，后面用doing。其實這里的主語是Thatday,而ourChinesepeoplehadlookedforwardto"是省略了關(guān)系代詞的定語從句。【試題解析】come在主句中充當?shù)氖侵^語，這里是說過去發(fā)生的事情要用一般過去時，故填cameo【參考答案】came—一■一■一—一■一■一—一■一■————一■一■一—一■一■一—一■一■一—一■一■——一■一■一一■F@曷錯點擊為了避免慣性思維的干擾，考生要認真理清詞語的搭配和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷出合乎邏輯的句意。下面再給幾句容易讓思維定勢造成誤區(qū)的句子供考生們學習：Thereasonhegaveusatthemeetingwasnotacceptable.（應填that/which,不要以為reason后面就一定是填why；這里的先行詞reason在從句中作gave的賓語而不是狀語）Iwillneverforgetthetimewespenttogetherinthecountryside.（應填that/which,不要以為先行詞是表示時間的，后面就一定是填when；這里的先行詞time在從句中作spent的賓語而不是狀語）Thisisthefactorywevisitedthreeyearsago.（應填that/which,不要以為先行詞是一個地方，后面就一定是填where；這里的先行詞factory在從句中作visited的賓語而不是狀語）即時火國Hewasverytireddoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdiQrow"higher.Istillrememberthestory,believeitornotwegotlostonarainynight.易錯點2錯用"藕斷絲連"結(jié)構(gòu)畫畫囹圖Isthereanyoneyoucanthinkofmayknowwhichhospitalhewassentto?1■-—— 1■- ——■■【錯因分析】考生可能會因為沒看出來本句中的"youcanthinkoE”是插入語而誤填答案。【試題解析】句意：你能不能想到有誰可能知道他被送往哪一家醫(yī)院了？句中的"youcanthinkof’’是插入語，"anyone"后面跟的是定語從句，且定語從句中缺少主語，所以要用who來引導?！緟⒖即鸢浮縲ho力易錯點擊命題者有意在句子中使用插入語，給考生的理解帶來一定的困難和干擾。要解決這樣的困擾，考生必須對英語中的插入語有一定的了解。首先，插入語在英語中屬于獨立成分，是對一句話進行附加解釋或說明。通常由一個詞、一個短語或一個句子構(gòu)成，常位于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗號或破折號與句子隔開。由于插入語與句中其他成分沒有語法上的關(guān)系，將它刪掉之后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整，所以遇到此類題目時，考生應先刪掉插入語來理解句子成分。下面列出一些含有插入語的句子（主要是插入語位于句中的句子）供考生們理解，畫線部分為插入語：Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,whichIthinkisofgreatimportancetoscience.Whodoyouthinkwillgiveusatalkthisafternoon?Anawfulaccidentdid,however,occurtheotherday.Ifmetalisheatedandthencooledveryquickly,forexample,bydippinginwater,itwillbeveryhardbutwillbreakeasily.Someareyoungpeoplewho,foronereasonoranother,havelefthomeandhavenowheretolive.Therefore,ourtobaccoseller,Mr.Johnson,alwaysaskshiscustomers,iftheyareveryyoung,whomthecigarettesareboughtfor.Afast-foodrestaurantistheplacewhere,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.即時見國Andthisis,whenmytaxidrivertoldme,Inowcall,"TheLawoftheGarbageTruck."Weweredrivinginthefightlaneallofasudden,ablackcarjumpedoutofaparkingspacerightinfrontofus.AnAmericanprofessor,CharlesZastrow,offersaninterestinganswer,particularlythesecondquestion.易錯點3錯用”同形異性Stageschoolsoftenactasagencieswhichsupplychildrenforstageandtelevisionwork.visittosuchschoolswillleaveyouinnodoubtthatthechildrenenjoythemselves.【錯因分析】考生可能會誤以為空后的visit是動詞，所以錯填了代詞，而實際上，visit在此用作名詞，所以前面缺的應是冠詞?！驹囶}解析】句意：戲劇學校經(jīng)常充當了代理機構(gòu)的角色，為孩子提供上臺表演和上電視工作的機會。一次到這種學校的參觀會毫無疑問地讓你相信，那里的孩子是真心享受學校生活。表示“一次”要用不定冠詞a。【參考答案】ALanguagelearningresearch(show)thatsuccessfullanguagelearnersaresimilarinmanyways.【錯因分析】有些考生會誤以為題中的research是作動詞，從而錯填成了非謂語showing,實際上這里research這里用作名詞，空處在句中用作謂語。【試題解析】句意：語言學習研究顯示，成功的語言學習者們在很多方面都相似。主語Languagelearningresearch為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，因此謂語也要用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填shows?！緟⒖即鸢浮縮hows英語中有很多這種同形同義但異性（詞性）的單詞，或者是同形異性并異義的單詞?？忌诜治鼍渥映煞值臅r候要仔細，根據(jù)”主語+謂語”來確定主要成分，再結(jié)合句意確定這類單詞的詞性和意義。此外，平時要注意積累這類單詞，下面列出一些常見的詞匯：help也幫忙n.幫忙likeV.喜歡prep.象hand也交給n.手headV.刖進n.頭/首腦form也形成n.表格endV.結(jié)束n點‘’.八、、influence也影響n.影響smileV.微笑n.微笑smell也嗅到n.嗅覺/氣味studyV.學習n.學習/書房timeV.計時n.時間/次數(shù)trainV.培訓n.火車match也相配n.比賽/火柴workV.工作/起作用n.工作slow。的.慢的V.減速objectV.反對n.物品rightadj.正確的n.權(quán)利watchV.看n.手表patientadj.耐心的n.病人matterV.要緊n.事情即時見SManypeoplecareforthequestion:amIgettingenoughvitamins,andamIgettingtherightkind?Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,worrythatpeoplehaveaboutvitaminshassomereasons.易錯點4忽視語篇語境和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系畫畫囹畫ItwasraininglightlywhenI(arrived) (arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn'tcare.Afewhours,I,dbeenathomeinHongKong,with (its) (it)chokingsmog.【錯因分析】考生在做此題時容易忽視上下文的語境，單純從空格所在的句子入手，去揣測答案?！驹囶}解析】分析題干不難看出，空后的的句子用的是過去完成時，而空格前用的是過去時，由此可以判斷“athomeinHongKong”發(fā)生在“wasraining”之前，因而得出答案，故填earliero【參考答案】earlier常用的語篇連詞和短語:first,second,what'smore,inaddition,apartfromthis,lastbutnottheleast,however,but,although,though,despite,because,as,since,nowthat,therefore,thus,so,notonly...butalso...,aswellas,inaword,inshort,tosumup等。即時鞏固Hehadamateandshewasdyingontheground.Sittingclosebesideher,heopenedandclosedwingsasiftofanher.易錯點5 錯誤理解抽象名詞或物質(zhì)具體化YesitwouldcomeassurprisetoalotofpeopletohearthatChristmaswasactuallyoriginallymeanttocelebratethebirthofJesusChrist.【錯因分析】有些抽象名詞具體化后，表示一個具體的人或者事，前面必須用不定冠詞。比如:pity,shame,pleasure,must,success等。【試題解析】句意：在聽到圣誕節(jié)實際上是為了慶祝耶穌的誕生時，很多人都會很驚訝。surprise在此用作名詞，表示“令人驚奇的事”?！緟⒖即鸢浮縜抽象名詞具體化通?？煞譃橐韵聝深悾阂?、表示情感、情緒的詞，強調(diào)具體的人或事時常將其具體化使用。常用的重點抽象名詞可概括為如下11個字：驚、樂、幸、憾、傲、慰、險、助、成、敗、美。surprise吃驚、驚奇（不可數(shù)名詞）asurprise令人吃驚的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）insurprise驚奇地、吃驚地 toone,ssurprise令人吃驚的是Whatasurprisetoseeyouhere!在這里見到你真是個意外的事。pleasure愉快、高興（不可數(shù)名詞）apleasure一件樂事、一個樂趣（可數(shù)名詞）如：withpleasure高興地、樂意地takepleasurein以 為樂、愛好It,sapleasuretoworkwithhim.和他一塊兒工作是件樂事。honor榮譽、信譽（不可數(shù)名詞）anhonor一種光榮的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）如：forthehonorofthecountry為了國家的榮譽It’sanhonortospeakhere.在這里發(fā)言是我的榮幸。pity遺憾apity一件遺憾的事It,sapitythatyoushouldfailtopasstheexam.你沒通過考試真是件遺憾的事。pride驕傲（不可數(shù)名詞）apride令人驕傲的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）如：Hetakesprideinhisson.他以兒子為驕傲。Heisapridetohisparents.他是父母的一個驕傲。comfort安危、舒適（不可數(shù)名詞）acomfort一個令人安慰的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）如：enjoycomfort享受舒適Booksbecomeacomforttohim.書籍成為他的一種安慰。Shetriedtomakeherchildrenliveincomfort,whichisagreatcomforttoher.她盡力讓她的孩子生活舒適，

這對她來說是一種安慰。danger危險（不可數(shù)名詞）adanger可能引起危險的人或物（可數(shù)名詞）如：Inwar,asoldier,slifeisfullofdanger.戰(zhàn)爭中，士兵的生命充滿了危險。Themanisadangertosociety,那是個對社會危險的人物。success成功（不可數(shù)名詞）asuccess一個成功的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）如：besureofsuccess確信成功Heisagreatsuccessasascientist.作為科學家，他是個偉大的成功者。failure失敗（不可數(shù)名詞）afailure/failures失敗的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）如：Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失敗是成功之母。Hehadhadsixfailuresandwouldhaveaseventhtry,他已經(jīng)歷六次失敗，并將再次努力。help幫助ahelp幫手，起幫助作用的物It,sagreathelptome.這對我來說幫助很大。beauty美、美麗（不可數(shù)名詞）abeauty美人、美麗的東西（可數(shù)名詞）如：thebeautyofnature大自然的美Heregardedhiswifeasabeauty.他把妻子視為美人。二、表行為的抽象名詞，強調(diào)其具體表現(xiàn)形式時，常以a/an加抽象名詞，或a/an+形容詞+抽象名詞。常用短語、句型如下：haveawonderfulsupperhaveagoodtimehaveanincomeofhaveawonderfulsupperhaveagoodtimehaveanincomeofcoveranareaofIt,sagreathelptome.haveastrongcharacterhaveapopulationofreceiveagoodeducationreachaheightofIt,sapitythat...haveabrightfuturehaveagoodknowledge/understandingofreceiveawarmwelcomeIt,sawasteoftime/money.三、表示具體動作意義的抽象名詞，加a/an與某些動詞（have,take,make,give）等詞連用時，表示某一次短暫的動作。haveaswim/rest/look/trip/discussion/smoke/wash/sleep

takeawalk/bathgive/takeatrymakeanadvance/anearlystart/anapologytake/haveagreatinterestgooutforawalk四、接同源賓語的短語，通常名詞表示具體化意義。dieaheroicdeathlive/leadahappy/simple/hard/poor/bitterlife dreamastrangedream即時見圖Myparentsapproachedthesite,whichwasstillwetfromheavyrain.易錯點6冠詞的誤用1.Ontheotherhand,asisknowntoall,honestmanwinstherespectofothers.1.Ontheotherhand,asisknowntoall,honestmanwinstherespectofothers.【錯因分析】有些考生會認為honest是以輔音字母h開頭，而誤認為要用不定冠詞a。實際上，判斷是用a還是用an的關(guān)鍵是看單詞發(fā)音而不是看首字母。【試題解析】句意：另一方面，眾所周知，誠實的人會贏得別人的尊重。這里是泛指一個誠實的人，因此要用不定冠詞，又因honest是以元音音素開頭，因此要用an?！緟⒖即鸢浮縜n2.Therewasbigbrightmoonhanginginthesky,givingoffamagicglow.【錯因分析】有些考生一看見2.Therewasbigbrightmoonhanginginthesky,givingoffamagicglow.【錯因分析】有些考生一看見moon，就認為這里是要用定冠詞the，而忽略了其前有形容詞修飾時，要用不定冠詞?！驹囶}解析】表示獨一無二的事物的名詞前有形容詞修飾時，需要用不定冠詞a或者an，此處moon前有修飾語bigbright，因此應用a。【參考答案】aAnyonewhoachievessuccessinthisfieldcanbesuccess.Wecanneverexpectbluerskyunlesswecreatelesspollutedworld.Shanghaioftomorrowissuretocreatenewsplendorandspringupasanothercenterofinternationaleconomy.高考真題專練2019年高考真題Cloze1(2019?新課標卷I)ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modemmethods63trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut65(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯覺)thatpopulationsare68(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.Cloze2(2019?新課標卷II)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield, 62sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave_63(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated知名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene64(declare)shehadnoplans65(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31-whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness-saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid“Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall68(say)shewasshort-listedwethoughtitwas69joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's70(wonder).”Cloze3(2019?新課標卷III)Onourwaytothehouseitwasraining61 _hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake62(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack63dogsseventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters64hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand65(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeatshop,andvisit.Forbreakfastwewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting66(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany67(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere68(huge)popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we69(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars, 70(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.2018年高考真題Cloze1(2018?新課標卷I)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon,thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan,tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014 66showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it,sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit,salways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.Cloze2(2018?新課標卷II)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。DietshavechangedinChina-andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry61(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover62past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis63(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater65riceandcreateslessfertilizer化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased66(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67__(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment68(start)asoil-testingprogram69givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide."saysthebank'sJuergenV)egele.Cloze3(2018?新課標卷III)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。I'mnotsure61ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I'mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat62topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe63(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid64(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeel65(challenge).MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma66(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching67thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind68(they)alive.Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal69(mean)menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:"I'mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!"Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme70(stay)andwatch.2017年高考真題Cloze1(2017?新課標卷I)Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學界)61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even66(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood67(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.Cloze2(2017?新課標卷III)Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtochallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term61(rest).Instead,sheisearning$6,500adayas_62_modelinNewYork.Sarah 63_ (tell)thatshecouldbeBritain,snewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenewyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-timeButSarah,64hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants65(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher66(educate).Shehasturneddownseveral67(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree68engineeringorarchitecture.Sarahsays,"MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school69(come)first.Idon,twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis70(certain)fUnbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon,twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan,tmodelanymore.Cloze3(2017?浙江卷)LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsn56l1(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda57(shine)object.Yes,therebeneaththeleafytopofonetinycarrotwasherlong-lostweddingring.Pahlssonscreamed58loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse."ShethoughtIhadhurt59(I),"saysPahlsson.Sixteenyears60(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring61(cook)ameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone.Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix—hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn,t.Pahlssonandherhusband62(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing."Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain,"shesays.Sheneverreplacedit.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot63(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,64itremaineduntilthecarrot,sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生長)throughit.ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas65wonder.圈圖圖語法填空之解題策略語法填空題就設(shè)題類型而言主要分為有提示詞類和無提示詞類，這兩種設(shè)題類型的解題方法不盡相同，下面分別就這兩種類型的解題步驟進行詳細介紹：一、有提示詞類.提供動詞：當設(shè)空處提供動詞原形，設(shè)空處一般考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)，非謂語動詞或詞類轉(zhuǎn)化。.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換類：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換多以派生詞變化為主，如：形容詞與副詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化；形容詞與名詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化；形容詞與動詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化；動詞與名詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化等。.有個別空可能是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，詞性不一定改變，主要考查與詞根意義相反的派生詞，此事，需根據(jù)句子意思及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，加un-，im-等或在詞根后加-less等。二、無提示詞類首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定要填哪類詞。然后，根據(jù)句子的意思及結(jié)構(gòu)，確定具體填什么詞。最后，根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系及語意確定具體用哪個詞。解題時要注意以下規(guī)律：.缺少主語或賓語，要填代詞。（1）如果在謂語動詞前挖空，答案應首先考慮代詞。所填代詞主要考慮人稱代詞（he，she，they，it等）和關(guān)系代詞（that,which,who等）。（2）如果空前為及物動詞、及物動詞短語或者介詞，要考慮人稱代詞賓格和在定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞。.名詞、代詞、動名詞前挖空，可以考慮用限定詞或介詞。（1）如果在名詞前挖空，答案應首先考慮限定詞。限定詞包括冠詞6,an，the）、物主代詞（my，her等）、關(guān)系詞（whose等）、疑問代詞（what，which等）、不定代詞（no，some，neither等）等。（2）名詞或代詞前挖空，而該名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語，也不作動詞的賓語時，該空很可能填介詞。此時要特別注意空格處的詞與空前的詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配。.若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間或兩個句子間沒有連詞，可能需要填連詞，主要有表示并列關(guān)系的and和表示選擇關(guān)系的or等。.若兩句之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一般考慮填關(guān)系詞或從屬連詞。.若句子結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語動詞是原形，且與上下文時態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時，很可能填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞（do,does，did等）。如果是一般疑問句則要考慮填助動詞或情態(tài)動詞（do，does，did，have，has，had，can，may等）。.形容詞或副詞前設(shè)空，表示程度要考慮用how，so,too等；名詞前設(shè)空，如果是感嘆句考慮用what等。語法填空之必備知識1.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（1）名詞f形容詞后綴-al-ern例詞industry工業(yè)―industrial工業(yè)的nation國家一national國家的east東方一eastern東方的north北方一northern北方的-ful/-lessmeaning意義一meaningful有意義的care小心一careful/careless小心的;粗心的-engold黃金一golden金色的wood木頭一wooden木制的-icreality現(xiàn)實一realistic現(xiàn)實的history歷史一historic歷史的

-likechild孩子-childlike天真的 woman婦女-womanlike女人似的-anEurope歐洲-European歐洲的 America美國―American美國的-ablereason原因-reasonable合理的 value價值-valuable有價值的-ishchild孩子-childish孩子氣的 self自己-selfish自私的-yanger生氣—angry生氣的 health健康―healthy健康的-aryrevolution革命―revolutionary革命的-sometrouble麻煩-troublesome令人討厭的-lyfriend朋友一friendly友好的 love愛一lovely可愛的(2)形容詞一副詞一般情況直接加-lybright-brightly明亮地clear-clearly清楚地correct-correctly正確地以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i,再加-lyeasy-easily容易地heavy-heavily沉重地happy-happily高興地以le結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加-lysimple-simply僅僅；只；簡單地possible-possibly可能(3)動詞一名詞后綴例詞allow-allowance允許appear-appearance夕卜貌，出現(xiàn)-anceperform—performance演出exist-existence存在

-encerefer-reference參考exist-existence存在-alrefer一proposerefusal拒絕一proposal建議arrive-arrival至U達survive-survival幸存discussinstruct一discussion討論一instruction指導，介紹-ion/-ationexpresspredict一expression詞語；表達方式—prediction預言-mentachieve-achievement成就equip-equipment裝備，器材commitmanage—commitment一management經(jīng)營管理(4)形容詞一名詞后綴例詞-ness-y/-ly-ism-thhappy高興的一happiness幸福 ill生病的一illness疾病kind善良的一kindness善良 weak弱的一weakness弱點efficient有效率的一efficiency效率urgent緊急的一urgency緊急social社會的一socialism社會主義warm溫暖的一warmth溫暖 true真的一truth真理wide寬的一width寬度(5)否定前綴后綴dis-例詞agreeable（adj.使人愉快的）一disagreeable（adj.不愉快的）agreement（n.同意）一disagreement（n.意見不同）appear（vi.出現(xiàn)）一disappear（vi.消失，不見）courage（n.勇氣，精神）-discourage（vt.使氣餒）

unil-im-irin-happy（q的.快樂的）一unhappy（adj.不幸的，不快樂的）friendly（adj.友好的）一unfriendly（adj.不友好的）legal（adj.法律的，法定的）一illegal（adj.違法的）logical（adj.合乎邏輯的）一illogical（adj.不合邏輯的）literate（adj.有文化的n.學者）-illiterate（adj.沒受教育的n.文目）possible（adj.可能的）-impossible（adj.不可能的）mortal（adj.必死的，人類的）一immortal（adj.不朽的）moral（adj.道德的）―immoral（adj.不道德的）regular(adj.規(guī)則的)-irregular(adj.不規(guī)則的)rational(adj.理性的)一irrational(adj.無理性的)resistible(adj.可抵抗的)-irresistible(adj.不可抵抗的)correct（adj.正確的）―incorrect（adj.不正確的）justice（n.正義，公平）—injustice（n.不正義，不公平）sincere（adj.真誠的）一insincere（adj.虛假的，不真誠的）Cloze1ThefirstpartoftheunderwatertunnelfortheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacauBridgewas1(success)completedonOct8,2016.Knownas"oneofthesevenmodemwondersintheworld,"itistheworld's2(long)bridgecurrentlybeingconstructed3(start)fromLantauIslandinHongKong.theY-shapedbridgewillhave4totallengthofabout55kilometers,includinga6.7-kilometerunderwatertunnelanda23-kilometerbridgeoverthesea.Artificialislandswillbebuiltatbothendsoffthetunnel5(allow)forthepassageoflargeships.Thebridgewillserve6animportantchannellinkingHongKong,Macau,ZhuhaiandthewesternpartofthePearlRiverDelta,7isoneofthemosteconomicallydevelopedareasintheChinesemainland.8(construct)ofthebridgestartedin2009. 9(it)totalcostwillcometosome10billionRMB.It_10(expect)tobecompletedbytheendofthisyear.Cloze2AChinesebusinessman,Mr.Wang,treated5,000people1afreebowlofnoodlesafterhefoundhislost$45,000engagement(訂婚)ring.Hewasgoingtoaskhisgirlfriend2(marry)himlastSunday.However,helosttheengagementringinhisbagatanoodlerestaurant.Buthewasfortunateenough3acustomerintherestaurantfoundthebagandgaveittothemanager.ThemanagerfoundMr.Wang,sdetailsinthebagandtelephonedhimimmediatelyby4(he).Mr.Wangwasverysurprisedtorecoverhisring.Mr.Wangwantedtosaythankyoutotherestaurant.OnTuesday,hebought5,000 5(customer)eachabowlofspicynoodles.Thisis6averagedailysalesoftherestaurant.There7(is)alongqueueforthefreenoodlesoutsidethe