簡單句的五種基本句型講解及練習(xí)題

簡單句的五種基本句型講解及練習(xí)題英語句子成分的排列順序與漢語不同。漢語放在前面的，英語可能要放在后面；而漢語放后面的，英語可能放在前面。即使是同樣一句話，如果用詞不同，句中的次序也會(huì)有變化。比如，“我每天騎自行車上學(xué)”，可以表達(dá)為Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.也可以表達(dá)為Iridetoschooleveryday.如果用圖表分析一下，我們會(huì)看得更清楚：我每天騎自行車上學(xué)。Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.Iridetoschooleveryday.我每天騎自行車上學(xué)。Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.Iridetoschooleveryday.這三個(gè)語句除了行為者"I"的位置沒有變化外，其它都發(fā)生了變化，并且由于“上學(xué)”表達(dá)方式的不同，在句中的位置也發(fā)生了變化。句子成分詳解一覽表及巧記口訣句子成分意義及位置充當(dāng)詞類例句主語TheSubject表示句子說的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前部。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、短語或句子。WestudyinNo.17middleschool.JimisanAmericanboy.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.謂語ThePredicate說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。通常在主語后（除疑問、倒裝句外）。由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組充當(dāng)。Timetriesallthing.(時(shí)間檢驗(yàn)一切）Lucyisdancingunderthetree.Herparentsarebothworkers.賓語TheObject表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象。在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后。同主語的充當(dāng)詞類Loveme,lovemydog.(愛屋及烏）ThesegirlslikeEnglish.Didyouseehimyesterday?表語ThePredicate與系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語部分、說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征。常在系動(dòng)詞之后。同主語的充當(dāng)詞類Hisfatherisabusdriver.Mycariswhite.Wewereatschoolyesterday.Healthiswealth.(健康就是財(cái)富。）定語TheAttribute用來修飾名詞或代詞。單個(gè)詞常在修飾的詞前，短語或句子在被修飾的詞之后。形、代、數(shù)、名、介詞短語或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語。Theredoneismine.Whatishisname?Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.(患難見真情。）狀語TheAttribute修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式等。位置較靈活。通常由副詞、介詞短語或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來表示。Ourteacherworksveryhard.SheoftenhelpsMike.TheyhadameetinginShanghai.賓語補(bǔ)足語TheObjectComplement賓語的補(bǔ)足語，邏輯上與賓語是“主謂”關(guān)系。在賓語后。由形容詞、名詞、介詞短語等充當(dāng)。WenamedthebabyLily.Shemadetheroomclean.同位語TheAppositive重復(fù)指代并進(jìn)一步說明名詞及名詞性詞語。在被修飾詞后。名詞、名詞性短語、從句等。Theyallworkhard.John,afriendofhers,hasgone.句子成分學(xué)記口訣主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無。簡單句的五種基本句型句型種類主語謂語部分謂語動(dòng)詞表語賓語賓補(bǔ)S+Vi.主語+不及物動(dòng)詞Birdsfly.S+Vi.+O主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語Heplaysthepiano.S+V.+C主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語Weare(系動(dòng)詞）friends.S+Vt.+InO+Do主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語Igavehimapen（間賓）（直賓）S+Vi.+O+Oc主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語Tommademecry.英語是一種結(jié)構(gòu)型的語言，以謂語動(dòng)詞為核心構(gòu)成各種句型。為了幫助你掌握英語的句型，本節(jié)課我們一起來總結(jié)一下英語的基本句型。主語+不及物動(dòng)詞（+狀語）狀語主語不及物動(dòng)詞狀語（In2003,)Thefirstbookcameoutin2003Wedidn'tgotothecinemayesterday.Lastweek,IwenttoGuilinformyholiday.2.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語（+狀語）狀語主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語狀語（Yesterday)Iboughtaverygoodbookyesterday.Myfatherlovespicturesofcars.EverymorningmymotherpreparesbreakfastformeHewroteabookinseniorhighschool.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語（+狀語）主語系動(dòng)詞表語狀語Thesebooksaregreat.Tomisveryhappytoday.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語（+狀語）狀語主語及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語狀語Hishobbyhasbroughthimenjoyment.MyfatherboughtmeaverygoodbikeOnmybirthday.Lastweek,myauntsentmeaboxofchocolate.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（+狀語）主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語狀語Wecanhelpyoudevelopnewskills.Idon'twantyoutoworktoohard.Thenewsmadeeveryonehappy.鞏固練習(xí)一．指出下面句子分別屬于哪個(gè)句型。①Iwillspendthissummerholidayinthecountryside.②Inthemoderncity,therearesomeproblems,suchasairpollution,crowdnessandnoise.③InthecountrysideIcanenjoyacomfortableandquietlife.④There,theairisfreshandthewaterisclean.⑤Icanhearbirdssinginginthegreentrees.⑥Icanalsogoboating,fishing,andswimminginthelake.⑦Allthiswillbeinterestingandgoodformyhealth.⑧SoIwanttogotothecountrysideforachange.1.(S+V)_______________2.(S+V+O)_________________3.(S+V+C)____________________4.(S+V+IO+DO)_______________5.(S+V+O+C)__________________6.Therebe句型______________二．翻譯題1.他昨天早上起床很晚。________________________________________________________2.那天晚上我們談了很多。________________________________________________________3.會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。________________________________________________________4.昨晚我寫了一封信。__________________________________________________________5.我父親能流利地說英語。fluently__________________________________________________________6.你介意我開窗戶嗎？__________________________________________________________7.我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。__________________________________________________________8.這本書是關(guān)于美國歷史的書。__________________________________________________________9.她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。nursery__________________________________________________________10.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。__________________________________________________________11.請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？dictionary_________________________________________________________12.我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。_________________________________________________________13.我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實(shí)的。consider__________________________________________________________14.我們把小偷釋放了。set…free__________________________________________________________15.他叫我們參加做游戲。__________________________________________________________1.（6）2.(1)(3)(8)3.(4)4.(7)5.(5)6.(2)二．翻譯題主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(S+V)1.Hegotupverylateyesterdaymorning.2.Thateveningwetalkedagreatdeal.3.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(S+V+O)4.Iwrotealetterlastnight.5.MyfathercanspeakEnglishfluently.6.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語(S+V+C)7Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.8ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.9Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO)10.Grandmatoldme