大學核心商務英語讀寫教程unitInsuranceandFinancialCooperation

大學核心商務英語讀寫教程unitInsuranceandFinancialCooperation第1頁/共65頁ObjectivesBusinesslanguage↓talkingaboutinsuranceindustryandclaimBusinessvocabulary↓insuranceBusinessfocus

↓carinsuranceBusinesswriting↓choosinginsurancecompany

第2頁/共65頁1.BackgroundInformation2.IntroductiontotheText3.BusinessTerms4.WordsandExpressions5.NotestotheTextTextACharacteristicsofInsurableRisks第3頁/共65頁Theprimaryfunctionofinsuranceistoactasrisktransfermechanism.Insurancewillnot,initself,preventanyofrisksfromoccurringbutwhatitwilldoisprovidesomeformoffinancialsecurity.Weknowthattheremustbelimitsontheavailabilityofthisrisktransfermechanism.Itisnecessarytohavesomeideasofwhatcanandcannotbeinsured.Ratherthanlisttheeventsthemselves,wewillnotethecharacteristicsornatureofinsurablerisks.Thereisonecaveatwhichshouldbemadeatthispoint:itisnotpossible,orindeedwise,tobedogmaticabouttheseclassificationsofinsurablerisk.Theworldofbusinessisnotastaticenvironment.Itchangestoadjusttocircumstancesastheyareperceived,andwhatmaybeanuninsurablerisktodaycouldverywellbeinsurabletomorrow.1.BackgroundInformation第4頁/共65頁

ThemeoftheTextTextAmainlyillustratesthecharacteristicsofaninsurablerisk.Insuranceinvolvespoolingfundsfrommanyinsuredentitiesinordertopayforrelativelyuncommonbutseverelydevastatinglosseswhichcanoccurtotheseentities.Theinsuredentitiesarethereforeprotectedfromriskforafee,withthefeebeingdependentuponthefrequencyandseverityoftheeventoccurring.Inordertobeinsurable,theriskinsuredagainstmustmeetcertaincharacteristicsinordertobeaninsurablerisk.2.IntroductiontotheText

第5頁/共65頁本商務語篇為說明文體。作為一種最為普及的、使用最廣泛的風險管理手段，保險不能將各種風險通通予以承保，這概念有理論上的限制，也存在著保險經(jīng)營理念、手段和經(jīng)營方法上的限制。對于客觀存在的大量的風險，只有符合一定條件，才能成為保險經(jīng)營的風險。本文準確、簡明的描述了可保風險的七大主要特征并且運用大量的保險專業(yè)術語使文章趨于高度的專業(yè)化。情態(tài)動詞以及限定性動詞的運用，使文章更為嚴謹帶有明顯的說明文特征。這樣的詞語如文中第四段中多次運用的“should”，第五段、第六段中的“must”，以及第六段中出現(xiàn)的“can”都是帶有明顯說明文特征的語篇標記。這些情態(tài)動詞都使用在肯定句中，表達了命題句中的語氣特征，其中“must”比“can”情態(tài)值高，說明了可保風險必須具備的必要條件。但在第八段作者在描述保險公司的行為時用了低值情態(tài)動詞“may”，說明在不同條件及社會發(fā)展的前提下對保險公司的可能性判斷，使文章語言更為嚴謹。文體特征分析2.IntroductiontotheText

第6頁/共65頁Inprobabilitytheory,thelawoflargenumbers(LLN)isatheoremthatdescribestheresultofperformingthesameexperimentalargenumberoftimes.Accordingtothelaw,theaverageoftheresultsobtainedfromalargenumberoftrialsshouldbeclosetotheexpectedvalue,andwilltendtobecomecloserasmoretrialsareperformed.TheLawoflargenumbers

大數(shù)定律

3.BusinessTerms

第7頁/共65頁Thepracticeofinsurerstransferringportionsofriskportfoliostootherpartiesbysomeformofagreementinordertoreducethelikelihoodofhavingtopayalargeobligationresultingfromaninsuranceclaim.Theintentofreinsuranceisforaninsurancecompanytoreducetherisksassociatedwithunderwrittenpoliciesbyspreadingrisksacrossalternativeinstitutions.Reinsurance

再保險3.BusinessTerms

第8頁/共65頁

(1)exposure/iks'p?u??/n.

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Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

ExampleaninsuredentityInsuranceinvolvespoolingfundsfrommanyinsuredentities(knownasexposures)inordertopayforrelativelyuncommonbutseverelydevastatinglosseswhichcanoccurtotheseentities.

保險是通過匯集多個風險單位的資金來支付發(fā)生在他們身上的罕見但嚴重的災難所帶來的損失。第9頁/共65頁

(2)criterion/krai'ti?ri?n/n.

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Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

Exampleastandardwhichisestablishedsothatajudgmentordecision,especiallyascientificone,canbemade

Whatarethecriteriafordecidingwhogetstheprize?

評定獲獎者以什么為標準。

第10頁/共65頁

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Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

ExamplecontinuingforalongtimeEveryfathershouldinsurehimselfagainstprematuredeathorprolongedillnessforthesakeofhiswifeandchildren.為了妻子和孩子,每位父親應該為自己英年早逝或久病不愈保險。(3)

prolonged/pr?'l??d/adj.第11頁/共65頁

Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

ExampletobeconsideredtobesomethingThedefeatconstitutesamajorset-backforourdiplomacy

這次失敗被視為我們外交上的重大挫折。(4)constitute/'k?nstitju:t/v.第12頁/共65頁

Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

ExampleanactthatsetsinmotionsomecourseofeventsThatwastherealtriggerforthestrike.這是引起這次罷工的真正導火索。(5)trigger/'trig?/n.第13頁/共65頁

Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

Exampledoneinordertomakeabigprofit,butwithahighriskthatmoneywillbelostThebosshasputallhismoneyintothatspeculativeenterprise.這個老板把他的全部財產(chǎn)都投到那個投機事業(yè)中。(6)speculative/'spekju,l?tiv/adj.第14頁/共65頁

Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

ExampletopreventsomethingfromdevelopingandimprovingInaddition,Iamconcernedthatthestateofournaturalenvironmentshouldnotconstrainourdevelopment,andwewillmorevigorouslypursuemeasurestoimproveourairandwaterqualityandreducewaste.此外，我關注到，本港的自然環(huán)境狀況不應對我們的發(fā)展造成局限。我們會更積極采取措施，改善本港的空氣質(zhì)素和水質(zhì)，并減少廢物。(7)constrain/k?n'strein/v.第15頁/共65頁

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Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

ExampleSeveralfirmsofmechanicalengineeringhavebeensyndicated.

幾家機械工程公司已組成了機械工程辛迪加。

organizeintoorformasyndicate(8)syndicate/'sindikit/v.第16頁/共65頁ereMeaning4.WordsandExpressionsExampletobeconnectedwithaparticularsubject,activity,groupetcThetheoriesassociatedwithcontactandconflictrelationshipprovidesapossibleanswertothisquestion.與接觸、沖突關系相聯(lián)系的理論對這一問題提供了可能的回答。

(9)beassociatedwith第17頁/共65頁

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Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

ExamplemorethanaparticularamountLuggageinexcessof100kgwillbechargedextra超過100公斤的行李要額外收費。(10)inexcessof第18頁/共65頁[解析]

本句是分詞作狀語的復合句。Since引導原因狀語從句，現(xiàn)在分詞allowing引導的詞組作為狀語，which引導的定語從句修飾thelawoflargenumbers。Benefitfrom意為“receivebenefitorgain通過…獲益”，例如：Theemployeehavebenefitfromtheprofit-sharingscheme.

雇員們從利潤分享的計劃中受益。1.Sinceinsuranceoperatesthroughpoolingresources,themajorityofinsurancepoliciesareprovidedforindividualmembersoflargeclasses,allowinginsurerstobenefitfromthelawoflargenumbersinwhichpredictedlossesaresimilartotheactuallosses.（Para.2）5.NotestotheText第19頁/共65頁[解析]

Besimilarto意為“resemblingsthbutnotthesame與…相似，與…類似，”例如：ThentakealookatthecostofconstructioninChina.ThepriceofsteelandcementmaybesimilartotheUK.看看中國的建設成本會發(fā)現(xiàn)，鋼鐵和水泥的價格和英國相差無幾。1.Sinceinsuranceoperatesthroughpoolingresources,themajorityofinsurancepoliciesareprovidedforindividualmembersoflargeclasses,allowinginsurerstobenefitfromthelawoflargenumbersinwhichpredictedlossesaresimilartotheactuallosses.（Para.2）5.NotestotheText第20頁/共65頁[解析]

本句的主語為insurancepremiums,謂語是needtocover其余部分為賓語。Issuing、administering、adjusting和supplying引導的分詞詞組并列作為介詞of的賓語表所屬關系。過去分詞needed引導的成分作為capital的后置定語。2.Insurancepremiumsneedtocoverboththeexpectedcostoflosses,plusthecostofissuingandadministeringthepolicy,adjustinglosses,andsupplyingthecapitalneededtoreasonablyassurethattheinsurerwillbeabletopayclaims.（Para.5）5.NotestotheText第21頁/共65頁[解析]

Assure意為“tomakesomethingcertaintohappenortobeachieved確保；保證”，例如：Wemustprovidethemechanismtoassurethatatomicenergyisusedforpeacefulpurposes。我們必須規(guī)定一種有效途徑以確保原子能只用于和平目的2.Insurancepremiumsneedtocoverboththeexpectedcostoflosses,plusthecostofissuingandadministeringthepolicy,adjustinglosses,andsupplyingthecapitalneededtoreasonablyassurethattheinsurerwillbeabletopayclaims.（Para.5）5.NotestotheText第22頁/共65頁[釋義]Probabilityoflosscanbegenerallyestimatedbasedonpracticalexperience,howeverthecalculationofthecostwillmoredependontheabilityofareasonablepersonwhocanprovidenotonlythecopyoftheinsurancepolicybutalsoaproofoflossconnectedwiththeclaimpresentedinthatpolicy.Theproofshouldbesoundenoughtocalculatedefinitelyandobjectivelytheamountofthelosstobepaidaccordingtotheclaim3.Probabilityoflossisgenerallyanempiricalexercise,whilecosthasmoretodowiththeabilityofareasonablepersoninpossessionofacopyoftheinsurancepolicyandaproofoflossassociatedwithaclaimpresentedunderthatpolicytomakeareasonablydefiniteandobjectiveevaluationoftheamountofthelossrecoverableasaresultoftheclaim.（Para.7）5.NotestotheText第23頁/共65頁[解析]本句為并列復合句。while引導的轉(zhuǎn)折從句中cost為主語，hasmoretodowith是謂語，theabilityofareasonableperson是賓語，inpossessionof引導的介詞短語作為后置定語修飾person，其中presentedunderthatpolicy作claim的后置定語；to引導的介詞短語作為目的狀語，其中recoverableasaresultoftheclaim為loss的后置定語。Inpossessionof意為“havesomething擁有，占有”例如：Shewasfoundinpossessionofstolengoods.她被發(fā)現(xiàn)藏有被盜物品。3.Probabilityoflossisgenerallyanempiricalexercise,whilecosthasmoretodowiththeabilityofareasonablepersoninpossessionofacopyoftheinsurancepolicyandaproofoflossassociatedwithaclaimpresentedunderthatpolicytomakeareasonablydefiniteandobjectiveevaluationoftheamountofthelossrecoverableasaresultoftheclaim.（Para.7）第24頁/共65頁[釋義]insurersmayprefertoconstraintheirinsuredentitytoassurealossfromasingleevent,whichlimitthelosstosomesmallportionoftheircapitalbase.[解析]

本句的主語是insurers，謂語為prefertolimit，第一及第二個to引導的短語都分別作limit的補語。4.Insurersmayprefertolimittheirexposure(a)toalossfromasingleevent(b)tosomesmallportionoftheircapitalbase.（Para.8）5.NotestotheText第25頁/共65頁1.BackgroundInformation2.IntroductiontotheText3.BusinessTerms4.WordsandExpressions5.NotestotheTextTextBChallengesofInsuranceCompanies第26頁/共65頁Challengesaremountingforinsurers.Increasedpressureforprofitabilitytranslatesintoahardlookatcostreductionandtop-linerevenuegrowth.Profitabilityislinkedtotheabilitytoaccuratelyassessriskandmanagecustomerrelationshipsovertimetoachievefinancialsuccess.Insurersrecognizethatinordertorespondtothesepressures,theyneedtoeliminateinefficientback-officeprocessingfunctions.Anotherpriorityisimprovingthequalityofservicetothedistributionchannel.Asagentshavemorechoiceinchoosingcarriers,theyarelookingtoalignwithanorganizationthatmakesiteasytoconductbusiness,payscommissiononatimelybasisandreducesthetimetoprocessbusiness.1.BackgroundInformation第27頁/共65頁

ThemeoftheText

TextBdiscussesthe

challengesinsurancecompaniesface.Thereareanumberofrisksthatinsurancecompaniesfacebutthelargestandmostobviousoftheseistheriskforunderwritinglosses.Itthereforemustbeunderstoodthatcarelessmanagementofriskscouldwellcostaninsurancecompanyitssurvival.2.IntroductiontotheText

第28頁/共65頁本文是一篇商業(yè)評論。作為以營利為目的的商業(yè)單位，保險公司也面臨著各種各樣的風險。其中最為明顯也最為嚴重的就是承保所帶來的風險損失。所以在決定承保范圍及探測風險的時候，保險人要格外的慎重。本文分析了保險公司所面臨的風險及其形成的原因，并明確指出如果不認真妥善的管理風險，保險公司很有可能以破產(chǎn)告終。文章語言通俗形象。除多次使用形象動詞如第一段的“screen”,第二段的“surface”,第三段的“cushion”及第四段的“balloon”此外，作者還運用了比喻的修辭手法使文章易于理解.文體特征分析2.IntroductiontotheText

第29頁/共65頁Mortalitytablesareoneofthemaintoolsforthelifeinsuranceindustry.Mortalitytablesaremathematicallycomplexgridsofnumbersthatshowtheprobabilityofmortality,ordeath,formembersofacertainpopulationwithinadefinedperiodoftime.MortalitytablesarecrucialtothelifeinsuranceindustryandalsoareusedbytheU.S.SocialSecurityAdministration.

MortalityTable

生命表3.BusinessTerms

第30頁/共65頁

Unliketypicalinsurancecoverageplans,self-fundedinsurance,alsoknownasself-insuredcoverageorself-insurance,iscontainedlargelywithinthecompany.Thecompanycollectspremiumsfromitsemployeesthroughpayrolldeduction.Themoneyisthenkeptinaninternalpool,andclaimspaymentscomefromthatpool.Thetheorybehindself-insuranceisthatifthecompanycandoalloftheadministrationonitsown,itcansavemoneythatwouldnormallygotoaninsurancecompany.Self-InsuredMedicalPlans私營醫(yī)療保險

3.BusinessTerms

第31頁/共65頁⑴approve/?'pru:v/v.

Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

Examplesay,showorfeelthatsomethingisgoodoracceptableorsatisfactoryThecommitteemayapprove,revise,killorignoreanymeasurereferredtoit.委員會可以批準、修訂、否定或駁回交它處理的任何議案。第32頁/共65頁

(2)screen/skri:n/v.

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Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

Exampleexamineortestsb/sthtofindoutifthereisanydisease,defect,etc.Theapplicationswerecarefullyscreenedincaseanyofthemcontainedfalseinformation.

仔細審查了所有的申請資料以防弄虛作假。第33頁/共65頁

(3)incur/in'k?:/v.

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Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

Examplemakeoneselfsubjectto;bringupononeself;becomeliabletoAdverseselectioncouldcauseinsurancecompaniestoincurextraordinarylossesoritcouldboostinsurancepremiumtolevelsthatwouldbeunaffordableformanypeople.

逆向選擇可能給保險公司帶來巨大的損失，或者會使保險公司把保費提高到許多人不能支付的程度。

第34頁/共65頁(4)aversion/?'v?:??n/n.

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Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

ExampleafeelingofintensedislikeHetookanimmediateaversiontohisnewboss.

他對新老板一見就反感。第35頁/共65頁(5)gauge/geid?/v.

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Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

Exampletomakeajudgmentorguessaboutasituation,action,orpersonbasedontheinformationthatyouhaveAlthoughresearchersmustconductmorestudiestogaugetheeffectivenessoftheseapplications,itseemsclearthatvirtualtherapyofferssomeveryrealbenefits.研究人員還必須進行更多的研究，才能判定這些應用的功效，但無疑的，虛擬療法提供了某些真正的效益。

第36頁/共65頁(6)discerning/di'z?:ni?/adj.

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Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

ExamplehavingorrevealingkeeninsightandgoodjudgmentRolls-Roycehasaskilledteamadeptatmeetingthechallengesofcraftingthefinestcarsforthemostdiscerningcustomers.

勞斯萊斯擁有一支高素質(zhì)的團隊，有能力面對“為最有洞察力的客戶打造最完美的汽車”的挑戰(zhàn)。第37頁/共65頁(7)underwrite/'?nd?rait/v.

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Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

Examplesignandacceptliabilityunderaninsurancepolicy,thusguaranteeing,paymentintheeventoflossordamageReinsurersunderwritepartoftherisksofotherinsurancecompanies.

再保險人會承擔其他保險公司的部分風險。第38頁/共65頁(8)balloon/b?'lu:n/v.

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Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

Exampletobecomelargerinamounthisbusinessdebtsballoonedto$20,000injustoneyear.僅僅一年，他的商業(yè)債務已經(jīng)達到兩萬美元。Membershipoftheclubhasballoonedbeyondallexpectations.該俱樂部會員人數(shù)出乎意料地激增了。第39頁/共65頁(9)dissolve/di'z?lv/v.

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Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

Exampletoformallyendamarriage,businessarrangement,ororganization.dissolveabusinesspartnership,marriage,society,etc.結(jié)束商業(yè)合作伙伴、解除婚姻關系、解散會社。第40頁/共65頁(10)categorize/'k?tig?raiz/v.

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Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

ExampletoputpeopleorthingsintogroupsaccordingtowhattypetheyareThispaperanalyzedthecharacteristicsofdifferentresearchfieldsandpresentedtheuniquewaytocategorizeallsubjects.本文以科學為核心，通過對人類認知體系中已有的各個學科的內(nèi)在特征分析，提出了新的學科分類思路。第41頁/共65頁[解析]

本句是帶有狀語從句的復合句。主語為insurancecompany,which引導定語從句修飾主語。謂語動詞為incur,賓語為losses。從屬連詞while引導時間狀語從句，從句主語與主句主語一致即insurancecompany所以從句主語省略謂語動詞采用doing的形式。1.insurancecompanywhichgiveshimcoverageis,thus,verylikelytoincurlosseswhileprovidingforhismedicalneedswhichareverylikelytosurfaceagainandagain.（Para.2）5.NotestotheText第42頁/共65頁[解析]

其中surface意為“appearagainafteraperiodofremainingunseen,hidden,awayfromothers,etc.(隱蔽、隱藏、離開他人等一段時間后)重新出現(xiàn)”，例如：Afterlivingabroadforyears,shesuddenlysurfacedagaininLondon.她在國外居住多年之后，突然在倫敦從新露面了。//Theiroldrivalrysoonsurfacedwhentheymetagain.他們重逢時，昔日之明爭暗斗旋即死灰復燃。1.insurancecompanywhichgiveshimcoverageis,thus,verylikelytoincurlosseswhileprovidingforhismedicalneedswhichareverylikelytosurfaceagainandagain.（Para.2）5.NotestotheText第43頁/共65頁[解析]本句是簡單句。主語是providers,謂語partnerwith意為“actasorbethepartnerofsb做（某人的）同伴或搭檔”。As引導的成分作為狀語，其中cushion意為“toreducetheeffectofsomethingunpleasant減輕…程度”，例如：Cushionthepainfuleffectsofhardblowsbykeepingenthusiasmgoingstrong,evenifdoingsorequiresstruggle.保持“熱情積極”來緩沖各種打擊的痛苦影響；雖然如此去做需要一番掙扎。另外cushionsb/sth(against/fromsth)還可意為“protectsb/sth(fromsomethingunpleasantorharmful)保護某人免受…”，例如:Nothingcancushionusagainstthefearofdeath.什么都不能減輕我們對死亡的恐懼。2.Providerspartnerwithre-insurancecompaniesasawayofcushioningeventualities.（Para.3）5.NotestotheText第44頁/共65頁[解析]本句是帶有讓步狀語從句的復合句。連詞although引導讓步狀語從句，從句主語為insurancecompanies，謂語feellike意為“giveasensationoranimpressionofsthorofbeingsth/sb給人以某種感覺或印象”，例如：SometimesIfeellikeabirdinthecage.有時我覺得自己像是一只在籠子里的鳥。主句中的betakeninthewrongcontext意為“beconsideredinwrongcircumstances在錯誤的環(huán)境下理解”。3.Althoughinsurancecompaniesmayfeellikeheroesforsavingpeoplefromcoveredexpenses,theyarenottobetakeninthewrongcontext.5.NotestotheText第45頁/共65頁1.BackgroundInformation2.IntroductiontotheText3.BusinessTerms4.WordsandExpressions5.NotestotheTextTextCAccidentsHappen:GettheMostfromYourCarInsuranceClaim第46頁/共65頁ACarinsurancepolicyisasafeguardforconsumersthatshieldsprivatepassengercarryingautomotivevehicleownersfrommonetarylossesifavehicletheyownisinvolvedinanytypeofaccident.Anagreement,contract,orpolicyformedwhenaconsumerandaninsurancecompanyestablishspecificprotectionsinvolvingvehicleownership.Consumersagreetoallocatefundscallpremiumsandtheinsurancecompanyagreestoprovidebenefitsthatcoversetbacksfromanaccidentinvolvingavehicle.Damagescanincludeproperty,physicalinjury,medicaltreatments,ordeathasestablishedinthecarinsurancepolicy.1.BackgroundInformation第47頁/共65頁

ThemeoftheText

TextCfocusoncarinsurance.Basedonthefunctionsofcarinsurance,sometipsareprovidedforreaderstogetalltheinformationyouneedtofileaclaimfromthecompanywhoinsuresyourcarincaseofaccidents.2.IntroductiontotheText

第48頁/共65頁機動車輛難以避免的意外事故和自然災害侵襲都可能給企業(yè)和個人帶來不小的經(jīng)濟損失，而避免這種局面，求得企業(yè)和個人經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定的最好辦法，就是參加機動車輛保險。對于參加保險的機動車輛發(fā)生事故和意外，保險公司將依照保險條款承擔保險責任。而一旦保險事故發(fā)生，很多人在慌亂、不知所措的情況下會遺漏很多能夠進行索賠的信息。本文從“應該”與“不應該”兩個方面總結(jié)了風險事故發(fā)生后的注意事項及采取的措施，引導讀者能夠更快更有效的處理事故并獲得向保險公司提出索賠的所有信息。從而從索賠中獲得最多補償，保障了投保人的權益避免進一步的損失。文體特征分析2.IntroductiontotheText

文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，語言簡練、準確，行文簡潔，帶有明顯的說明文特征。文章多使用祈使句來勸告、叮囑、建議讀者做或不做一件事。為保證提供全面的信息，作者多次使用括號來補充信息說明，如文章的第三段，使說明更為嚴謹。第49頁/共65頁

Inlawandeconomics,insuranceisaformofriskmanagementprimarilyusedtohedgeagainsttheriskofacontingent,uncertainloss.Insuranceisdefinedastheequitabletransferoftheriskofaloss,fromoneentitytoanother,inexchangeforpayment.Aninsurerisacompanysellingtheinsurance;aninsuredorpolicyholderisthepersonorentitybuyingtheinsurancepolicy.Theinsurancerateisafactorusedtodeterminetheamounttobechargedforacertainamountofinsurancecoverage,calledthepremium.

Insurancerate

保險費率3.BusinessTerms

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保險費率，是每一保險金額單位與應繳納保險費的比率。保險費率是保險人用以計算保險費的標準。保險人承保一筆保險業(yè)務，用保險金額乘以保險費率就得出該筆業(yè)務應收取的保險費。計算保險費的影響因素有保險金額、保險費率及保險期限，以上三個因素均與保險費成正比關系，即保險金額越大，保險費率越高，或保險期限越長，則應繳納的保險費就越多。其中任何一個因素的變化，都會引起保險費的增減變動。保險金額單位一般為1000元或100元，所以保險費率通常用千分率或百分率來表示。Insurancerate

保險費率3.BusinessTerms

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⑴flustered/'fl?st?d/adj.

ere

Meaning

Examplefeelingconfused,embarrassed,ornervous,especiallybecauseyouhavetoomuchtodoortoolittletimetodosomethingMentaltoughness:Yourarelyseehimflusteredinthering;heissupremelyconfidentandfocused.

心理素質(zhì)強：拳臺上，極少見到他慌亂；極度自信和專注。4.WordsandExpressions第52頁/共65頁

（2）caution/'k?:??n/n.

ere

Meaning

Examplebeingcarefultoavoiddangerormistakes;prudenceCarefulnessandcautioncanhelpyouavoidmanyproblems.細心和謹慎可以幫助你避免很多問題。Thecarproceededoverthericketybridgewithcaution.汽車小心地在搖晃的橋上前進。4.WordsandExpressions第53頁/共65頁

(3)witness/'witnis/n.

ere

Meaning

Examplepersonwhoseesaneventtakeplace(andisthereforeabletodescribeittoothers)Yourversionoftheaccidentdiffersfromthatoftheotherwitness.你對這次意外事件的描述與另一位證人不同。4.WordsandExpressions第54頁/共65頁

（4）respond/ri'sp?nd/v.

Meaning

Exampleactinanswerto(sth)orbecauseoftheactionofanother;behaveinasimilarwayWeobtainedfundingtohelptheWorldHealthOrganizationmonitorandrespondtoapotentialavianflupandemic.

我們得到了資金來幫助世界衛(wèi)生組織監(jiān)控和應對一種潛在的禽流感病毒。4.WordsandExpressions第55頁/共65頁（5）file/fail/v.

ere

Meaning

Exampletotakeofficialaction,forexampletomakeanofficialcomplaint

Theymayalsogodirectlytothepeople‘scourttofilesuits.他們也可以直接向人民法院提起訴訟。4.WordsandExpressions第56頁/共65頁

ere

Meaning4.WordsandExpressions

ExamplesteeringavehicleorashipWhowasbehindthewheelwhenthecarcrashed?汽車碰撞時開車的是誰？(6)behindthewheel

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ere

Meaning4.Words