2009統(tǒng)一卷考研路上的幸福哥

入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題Section UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDANSWERSHEET1.(10Researchonanimal ligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumans thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer'spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan innotbeingtooterrificallybright. ligence,it out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmoreandisslow thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning—agradual insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey'velearnediswhento .Isthereanadaptivevalueto9inligence?That'sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe'veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourowninligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI'veeverResearchonanimal ligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimals13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatinligenceinhumansisreally1 ,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein? theresultsareinconclusive. [A][B][C][D] [A][B][C][D] [A][B][C][D] [A][B][C][D] [A]insists[B]sums[C]turns[D]puts [A][B][C][D] [A][B][C][D] [A][B][C][D] [A][B][C][D]10.[A][B][C][D]11.[A][B][C][D]12.[A][B][C][D]13.[A][B][C][D]14.[A]by[B]in[C]as[D]for15.[A][B][C][D]16.[A] [C][D]17.[A][B][C][D]18.[A]Above[B]After[C][D][A] [B]comprehensive[C] [D][A]By [B]In [C]So [D]BetterSectionIIReadingPartReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine."Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,"WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword"habit"carriesanegativeconnotation.Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.Butdon'tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethose procedurearewornintohippocampus,they'retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberayingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads."Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,"saysDawnaMarkova,authorof"TheOpenMind"andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners."Butwearetaughtinsteadto'decide,'justasourcallshimself'theDecider.'"Sheadds,however,that"todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities."Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:ytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsoofThecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought."ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanything,"exinsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2006book"ThisYearIWill..."andMs.Markova'sbusinesspartner."That'saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhatyou'regoodatandngevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence."Thisiswheredevelonewhabitscomesin.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedby A. B. C. D.TheresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanA. B. C. D."ruts"(inlineone,paragraph3)hasclosestmeaningA. B. C. D.Ms.Markova'scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting A,preventsnewhabitsformbeingformedB,nolongeremphasizesC,maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodelD,complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystemRyanmostprobablyagreeideasarebornofarelaxinginnovativenesscouldbedecisivenessderivesfromfantasticcuriosityactivatescreativeItisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaternal(fatherly)wisdom–oratleastconfirmthathe'sthekid'sdad.Allheneedstodoissour$30forpaternitytestingkit(PTK)athislocaldrugstore–andanother$120togettheresults.Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirst eavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.MorethantwodozencompaniessellDNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$2500.Amongthemostpopular:paternityandkinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildrencanusetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamanypassionategenealogists-andsupportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily'sgeographicroots.Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothefortesting.AlltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA.Butsomeobserversareskeptical,"Thereisakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyarengancestrytesting,"saysTreyDuster,aNewYorkUniversitysociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyancestors-numberinginthehundredsjustafewcenturiesback.Yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather'slineormitochondrialDNA,whichapasseddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyoneortwoancestors,eventhough,forexample,justthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohavesixothergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,14otherCriticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereferencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdon'trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemaydifferdependingonthe thatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,thecomputerprogramsa usestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.Inparagraphs1and2,thetextshows easyflexibilityinsuccessfulpopularitywithPTKisused locateone'sbirthpromotegeneticidentifyparent-childchoosechildrenforSkepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfails tracedistantrebuildreliablefullyusegeneticachievetheclaimedInthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfaces disorganizeddataoverlapdatabaseexcessivesamplelackofpatentAnappropriatetitleforthetextismostlikelyto ForsandAgainstsofDNADNAtestingandIt'sDNAtestingoutsidetheliesbehindDNATherelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalikeprogressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessarythesocial,politicalandinlectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisit,becauseneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak.TheU.S.workwasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHondaNissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts--aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatillite,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry'swork.Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetothatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhen it.Afterall,that'showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn'thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.whenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherAseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedeveloworld'sworktosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheedfuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexinwhyeducationisn'tdevelomorequicklytherethanitis.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportantofeducationinpoor.issubjectgroundlesshasfallenvictimofisconventionalhasbeenItisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducation challengeseconomistsandtakeseffortsofdemandspriorityfromtherequiressufficientlaborAmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.Sworksis theJapaneseworkisbettertheJapaneseworkismoretheU.SworkhasabettertheU.SworkismoreTheauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducation whenpeoplehadenoughpriortobetterwaysoffindingwhenpeopleonlongerwentasaresultofpressure Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentof resultsdirectlyfromcompetitivedoesnotdependoneconomicfollowsimprovedcannotaffordpoliticalThemostthoroughlystudiedinthehistoryofthenewworldaretheministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.AccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas"Somuchimportantattachedtoinlectualpursuits"Accordingtomanybooksandarticles,NewEngland'sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritantraditioninAmericaninlectuallife.TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeantostartwiththePuritans'theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch-importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.Butinkeewithourexaminationofsoutherninlectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeancultureadjustingtoNewworldcircumstances.TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.`BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchinthedecadeafter1629,TherewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,andofficialoftheCrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.Theremenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofinlectualWeshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers,letalonedependentsandservants,leftlirycompositionstobeyzed,Theinthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitionsquality.AtailornamedJohnDane,whoemigratedinthelate1630s,leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope-allnametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:"comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbemypeople."OnewonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexiningtheBiblethatheheardinpuritanchurched.Meanwhile,manysettleshadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane's,asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewworldforreligion."Ourmainendwastocatchfish."Theauthornotesthatintheseventeenth-centuryNew Puritantraditiondominatedpolitical lectualinterestswerePoliticsbenefitedmuchfrom lectual lectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalItissuggestedinparagraph2thatNew experiencedacomparativelypeacefulearlybroughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldpaidlittleattentiontosoutherninlectualwereobsessedwithreligiousTheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusetts werefamousintheNewWorldfortheirgainedincreasingimportanceinreligiousabandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewcreatedanew lectualatmosphereinNewThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswere influencedbytroubledwithreligiouspuzzledbychurchfrustratedwithfamilyThetextsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNew weremostlyengagedinpoliticalweremotivatedbyanillusorycamefromdifferentleftfewformalrecordsforlaterPartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions(41-45),choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10CoincidingwiththegroundbreakingtheoryofbiologicalevolutionproposedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860s,BritishsocialphilosopherHerbertSpencerputforwardhisowntheoryofbiologicalandculturalevolution.Spencerarguedthatallworldlyphenomena,includinghumansocieties,changedovertime,advancingtowardperfection.41. AmericansocialscientistLewisHenryMorganintroducedanothertheoryofculturalevolutioninthelate1800s.Morgan,alongwithTylor,wasoneofthefoundersofmodernanthropology.Inhiswork,heattemptedtoshowhowallaspectsofculturechangedtogetherintheevolutionof.Intheearly1900sinNorthAmerica,German-bornAmericananthropologistFranzBoasdevelopedanewtheoryofcultureknownashistoricalparticularism.Historicalparticularism,whichemphasizedtheuniquenessofallcultures,gavenewdirectiontoanthropology.43. Boasfeltthatthecultureofanysocietymustbeunderstoodastheresultofauniquehistoryandnotasoneofmanyculturesbelongingtoabroaderevolutionarystageortypeof HistoricalparticularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyofcultureinAmericananthropology,largelythroughtheinfluenceofmanystudentsofBoas.Butanumberofanthropologistsintheearly1900salsorejectedtheparticularisttheoryofcultureinfavorofdiffusionism.Someattributedvirtuallyeveryimportantculturalachievementtotheinventionsofafew,especiallygiftedpeoplesthat,accordingtodiffusionists,thenspreadtoothercultures.45..Alsointheearly1900s,FrenchsociologistéDurkheimdevelopedatheoryofculturethatwouldgreatlyinfluenceanthropology.Durkheimproposedthatreligiousbeliefsfunctionedtoreinsocialsolidarity.Aninterestintherelationshipbetweenthefunctionofsocietyandculture—knownasfunctionalism—becameamajorthemeinEuropean,andespeciallyBritish,anthropology.Otheranthropologistsbelievedthatculturalinnovations,suchasinventions,hadasingleoriginandpassedfromsocietytosociety.Thistheorywasknownasdiffusionism.Inordertostudyparticularculturesascompleyaspossible,Boasbecameskilledinlinguistics,thestudyoflanguages,andinphysicalanthropology,thestudyofhumanbiologyandanatomy.Hearguedthathumanevolutionwascharacterizedbyastrugglehecalledthe"survivalofthefittest,"inwhichweakerracesandsocietiesmusteventuallyberecedbystronger,moreadvancedracesandsocieties.Theyalsofocusedonimportantritualsthatappearedtopreserveapeople'ssocialstructure,suchasinitiationceremoniesthatformallysignifychildren'sentranceintoadulthood.Thus,inhisview,diverseaspectsofculture,suchasthestructureoffamilies,formsofmarriage,categoriesofkinship,ownershipofproperty,formsofernment,technology,andsystemsoffoodproduction,allchangedassocietiesevolved.Supportersofthetheoryviewedasacollectionofintegratedpartsthatworktogethertokeepasocietyfunctioning.Forexample,BritishanthropologistsGraftonElliotSmithandW.J.Perryincorrectlysuggested,onthebasisofinadequateinformation,thatfarming,potterymaking,andmetallurgyalloriginatedinancientEgyptanddiffusedthroughouttheworld.Infact,alloftheseculturaldevelopmentsoccurredseparayatdifferenttimesinmanypartsoftheworld.PartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Thereisamarkeddifferencebetweentheeducationwhicheveryonegetsfromlivingwithothers,andthedeliberateeducatingoftheyoung.Intheformercasetheeducationisal;itisnaturalandimportant,butitisnottheexpressreasonoftheassociation.(46)Itmaybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience;butthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive.Religiousassociationsbegan,forexample,inthedesiretosecurethefavorofoverrulingpowersandtowardoffevilinfluences;familylifeinthedesiretogratifyappetitesandsecurefamilyperpetuity;systematiclabor,forthemostpart,becauseofenslavementtoothers,etc.(47)Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitutionnoted,andonlymoregraduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution.Eventoday,inourindustriallife,apartfromcertainvaluesofindustriousnessandthrift,theinlectualandemotionalreactionoftheformsofhumanassociationunderwhichtheworld'sworkiscarriedonreceiveslittleattentionascomparedwithphysicaloutput.Butindealingwiththeyoung,thefactofassociationitselfasanimmediatehumanfact,gainsinimportance.(48)Whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwiththemtheeffectofouractsupontheirdisposition,itisnotsoeasyasindealingwithadults.Theneedoftrainingistooevident;thepressure plishachangeintheirattitudeandhabitsistoourgenttoleavetheseconsequenceswhollyoutofaccount.(49)Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshareinacommonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornoweareformingthepowerswhichwillsecurethisability.Ifhumanityhasmadesomeheadwayinrealizingthattheultimatevalueofeveryinstitutionisitsdistinctivelyhumaneffectwemaywellbelievethatthislessonhasbeenlearnedlargelythroughdealingswiththeyoung.(50)Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducationalprocesswhichwehavebeenfarconsidering,amoreformalkindofeducation--thatofdirecttuitionorschooling.Inundevelopedsocialgroups,wefindverylittleformalteachingandtraining.Thesegroupsmainlyrelyforinstillingneededdispositionsintotheyounguponthesamesortofassociationwhichkeepstheadultsloyaltotheirgroup.Section PartRestrictionsontheuseofsticbagshavenotbeensosuccessfulinsomeregions."Whitepollution"isstillgoingon.Writealettertotheeditor(s)ofyourlocalnewspapertogiveyouropinionsbrieflyandmaketwoorthreeYoushouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.PartInyouressay,youdescribethedrawingexinitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET2.(20Suppose猜【答案】【考點】固定搭配【解析】本題考查的是“consider+名詞性詞組”的用法，表示“以……為例”，顯然與后面的試驗搭配表示以該試驗為例引出下文。選項A、D同義，故排除。選項C代入文中與上下文不合，故答案為B?！狙a充】consider在這里等同take…(asanexample)fearedhappened(to)碰巧【答案】【考點】動詞搭配【解析】從空格后面的to可首先排除B，因為fear不與to連用。再結合文章題材看，文章是科技類，而科技tendto表示語氣的弱化，故本題答案為A，其他兩個代入文章語義不通?！敬鸢浮俊究键c】邏輯關系【【解析】空前內容談到聰明的果 相對普通果蠅要短，這里拿燈泡做比喻，相對應的自然是光線的 tendency【考點】詞匯辨【【解析】前文談到暗淡的貫，故答案為Binsistsonsumsupturnsoutputsforward【答案【考點】詞組辨明只有C，故答案為C。A項的主語應該是人，B項一般不會出現(xiàn)在段首，D項詞義顯然不合語境，均offalong【答案【考點】詞匯搭【解析】空格所在的句意為：在起跑線時很慢。四個選項代入句中，只有遠離語義通順，故答案為A【答案【考點】詞匯辨【【解析】此空所在的語境為：因為智力依賴于學習——一個過程而不是本能。 doubtstop【答案】【考點】邏輯關系【解析】空所在的內容為：很多其他物種都有學習的能力，而且它們明顯學了一種技能就是知道何時需要。 從句意中我們可以判斷出這種技能必然是一種最簡單的行為，B、D顯然可以排除，比較A、C，再結合前文談到的跑步的類比，stop更能接近文章內容，故答案為C?！究键c】邏輯關故答案為B。upward【答案【考點】邏輯關我們，看待歷史只能是向后看了，故答案為D。 ”costs【答案【考點】邏輯搭只有D表達了這一含義，故答案為D。by【考點】固定搭【解析】onthemindofsb表示“一直在思考”，故答案為Bapply【答案【考點】邏輯搭試驗”只有用performexperimenton，故答案為C。bychanceincontrastasusualforinstance【答案【考點】邏輯關總結性的話，空后是一個具體的示例，表示舉例的只能用D，故本題答案為D。ifunlesslest【答案【考點】邏輯搭去做實驗的，那么這種情況只能是一種假設，四個選項中，表示假設只有A，故本題答案為A。【答案【考點】邏輯搭【解析】空所在的語境為：theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulnessourmemoryforlocation.Theywouldtrytodecide…。顯然這是兩個并列句，那么空所在的動詞應該與decide意義近似，四個選項中只有C滿足這一條件，故答案為C。atwith【考點】固定搭會盡力去搞清楚人類智慧的用途。故本題答案為B。AboveallAfterall【答案【考點】邏輯搭AA。[D[D 【答案【考點】邏輯搭ByaccidentIntime【答案【考點】邏輯搭案為C。三、全文翻譯CarlZimmer的所描述回頭看那些已回頭看那些已 PartIIReadingPart一、文章結構與內容分，本文選自2008年5月4日NewYorkTimes《原文標題是CanYou eaCreatureofNew，二、試題具體分析根據Wordsworth【答案】【考點事實細【答案【考點】事實細D?！敬鸢浮究键c】詞義句序的ruts進入大腦，這就是他們存在的地方”，把四個選項的內容待入文章中，看哪個最符合語境，顯然“程序的痕跡”更符合語境，故答案為A。DawnaMarkova【答案【考點】事實細 【解析】文章第五段開頭句DawnaMarkova談到：創(chuàng)新所需的第一要素就是對好奇的迷戀。選項D正是這句的表達故答案為DA的內容是對第一段出現(xiàn)的relax內容的嫁接B Ryan 【答案【考點】事實細【解析】文章最后一段第一句談到“當前的標準測試強調了分析和程序的思考模式，意味著我們當 和D則和文章最后一段談到的內容相反。三、文章難句精析Knowingwhatyou’regoodatandngevenmoreofitcreates【解析】本句不長，但由于主語較長以及還有it指代的存在，容易造成理解的模糊。首先我們從句子中出現(xiàn)的唯一一個動詞create且用的是一般現(xiàn)在時的單數(shù)形式，斷定其為謂語，那么前面的必是句子的主語，而顯然Knowing和ng是并列結構，共同作主語。同時，本句作為一個獨立完整的句子，句中it指代只能在句中找，而句子表達名詞含義的只有whatyou’regoodat，因此it必然指代的是這個內容?！痉g】了解我們的優(yōu)勢然后繼續(xù)發(fā)展自己的優(yōu)勢會造就卓越四、詞匯回routinen.常規(guī)，例行公事a.日常的 rutn.車轍，常軌，慣例v. 場面，最顯著(重要) 場面，最顯著(重要)部分vt加亮7.fostervt.養(yǎng)育，撫育n.養(yǎng)育者，鼓勵者 。，。，2060年代晚期，研究人員就發(fā)現(xiàn)人類天生就解釋道：“這打破解釋道：“這打破 信仰體系的主要規(guī)則——任何人可以做任何事情。標準化測試是我們長久來制來制造的一 ，它造就了平庸。了解我們的優(yōu)勢然后繼續(xù)發(fā)展自己的優(yōu)勢會造就卓越”。這正一、文章結構與內容分 AnswerMayBeattheDrugstore（誰是你的父親？答案可能藏在藥店里）這是一篇科技這是一篇科技說明文文章前四段介紹了DNA測試 應用的現(xiàn)狀后面兩段通過他人的觀點說DNA二、試題具體分析在第一二段，文章展示了PTK的?！敬鸢浮究键c】事實細為A。B、C和D則是對文章中出現(xiàn)的價格、企業(yè)和家庭行為的過度推斷。PTK【答案【考點】事實細【解析】文章第一段段首在引出PTK由此，顯然PTK是用于父子關系的檢 ，故答案為C。A和C的內容只是借助PTK可以實現(xiàn)的段，不是根本；B 【答案【考點】事實細做先祖血緣測試時兜售一y染色體或mitochondrialDNA，而這種往往只來自父親或母親，而這些僅僅只能揭示一兩代人的36個其他的曾祖父。由此我們可以判斷出測試的結果應該是達不到其聲稱的準確性，故答案為D?！敬鸢浮究键c】事實細A。B和C的內容是對文中不同信息的嫁接，D是對最后一句內容的錯誤理解。 之外的DNA 之外的DNA 【考點】主旨大【解析】【解析】問題上，故答案為B三、文章難句精析Yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather’slineormitochondrialDNA,whichispasseddownonlyfrommothers.mitochondrialDNA.其中inheritedthroughmeninafather’sline和whichispasseddownonlyfrom分別修飾theYchromosome和mitochondrialDNAInaddition,thecomputerprogramsausestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.【解句子主干：thecomputerprogramsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworevaluation.其中ausestoestimaterelationships是修飾thecomputerprograms的定語從句 四四 詞匯回boostv.drugstorenkinshipn.,swabbingn拖把藥簽vt.拭抹salivan.口水8.8.hawkn.鷹,鷹派成員vi.放鷹,像鷹一般 9mitochondrialn.【生】線粒體精明的父親了解自己的兒子，但現(xiàn)在精明的父親了解自己的兒子，但現(xiàn)在 可以進一步提升自己作為父親的智慧——至少能夠確認 DougFogg透露：自從去年這種PTK鑒定套裝不再需要處方了之后，已經超過6萬人。他是生產這種PTK套裝的識別公司的首席運營官。有超過24家公司向大眾直銷DNA測試產品，這些產價格從幾十元到超過2500不等個進行DNA可能比對的成員對象。，但是有些觀察者對此表示懷疑。TroyDuster是紐約大學的一位社會學家，他認為“那些聲稱他們在進的攜帶的Y，要么就是僅從母親身上遺傳的線粒體DNA。這種DNA只能揭示1~2位祖先信息，而僅3代以前，一個人就有六位曾祖，而四代以前就有另外14位高祖。批評者還說，商業(yè)， 而建成的相反，很多都是把來自不同研究項目的信息隨意拼湊而成。這就意味著一個DNA據庫據庫可能來自某些地區(qū)的大量數(shù)據，但缺乏其他地區(qū)的數(shù)據，因此，個 可能因為提供鑒 一、文章結構分析200312TheMckinseyQuarterlyEducatingGlobal二、試題具體分析 【答案【考點】作者觀地位是高估教育了，故答案為D。 【考點】事實細為新的教育體系以及把足夠的人集中在一起通過他們來提升經濟的表現(xiàn)將需要幾代人的努力。”而和33.33. 【考點】事實細廠取得了大約95%他們工廠的生產效率。”由此，顯然B是正確答案。A的內容是無中生有；C和D的內容和文章的觀點相反?！敬鸢浮究键c】例【解析】文章第三段談到ourancestor時說到“我們不得不懷疑是不斷增長的經濟促進了教育的發(fā)展10，000 【答案【考點】觀點態(tài)三、文章難句精析Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.workwasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneoftheprimarycausesofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.thepoorUSeconomicperformance。其中notlongago為句子的時間狀語，withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak作伴隨狀語。Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.【解本句的主干是：Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessaryconditionforcomplexpoliticalsystems…。butnotasufficientcondition，requiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance分詞短語作定語修飾systems。四四 詞匯回.2.2.recessionn.撤回，工商業(yè) 4.4.ancestorn.祖先，先驅 五、全文翻譯 一、文章結構分析 二、試題具體分析【考點】事實細的的”，四個選項中，B的內容與此句吻合，故答案為B。A和 【考點】推理判【【解析】文章第二段內容談到“把這種方式正常地帶給新英格蘭人意味著的 作為適 作為適【答案【考點】事實細 ]【答案【考點】事實細人或農人或農民，更不用說家屬及受雇人對文學成分進行分析，他們的思想往往有一種傳統(tǒng) 質量然后文章拿JohnDone進行舉例說明，由此我們可知答案為A ]]【答案】【考點】事實細節(jié)可以推斷出C的結論。三、文章難句精析Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers,letalonedependentsandservants,leftlirycompositiontobeyzed,itisobviousthattheirviewswerelessfullyinlectualized.farmers…leftlirycompositiontobeyzed作狀語，letalonedependentsandservants是插入語Meanwhile,manysettlershadslightlyreligiouscommitmentsthanDane’s,asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewWorldforreligion.learnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoast做伴隨狀語，whomocked…folkthattheyhadnotcometotheNowWorldforreligion為賓語從句。四四 詞匯回 ..五、全文翻譯 的人物。除了90多 的學識淵博的教長之外，還有像JohnWinthrop這樣的治。治。John然而，我然而，我 記大多數(shù)的新英格蘭居民并沒有受到過那么好的教育。很少有手工業(yè)者或是農民 色彩。一個名叫JohnDane的裁縫于17世紀年代晚 至此，留下了一些文字記錄他離開英格蘭的原因，而這些文字就充滿了這樣的征兆。 徒中聽到這些嚴謹?shù)男v時到底在想些什么。Dane那樣堅定的宗