英式英語與美式英語的差異市公開課金獎市賽課一等獎課件

ThedifferencebetweenBritishEnglishand第1頁第1頁“EnglandandAmericaaretwocountriesdividedbyacommonlanguage.”~GeorgeBernardShaw第2頁第2頁why?第3頁第3頁TheEnglishlanguagewasfirstintroducedtotheAmericasbyBritishcolonels,beginningintheearly17thcentury.Overthepast400years,theformofthelanguageusedintheAmericas—especiallyintheUnitedStates—andthatusedintheBritishIsleshavedivergedinafewminorways,leadingtothedialectsnowoccasionallyreferredtoasAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.OneparticularcontributiontowardsformalizingthesedifferencescamefromNoahWebster,whowrotethefirstAmericandictionary(published1828)withtheintentionofshowingthatpeopleintheUnitedStatesspokeadifferentdialectfromBritain,muchlikearegionalaccent.Whyaretheredifferencesbetweenthem?第4頁第4頁NoahWebster諾厄.韋伯斯特

HepublishedthefirsteditionofhisAnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagein1828.第5頁第5頁PronunciationStress（重音）first-syllablestressinAmEsecond-syllablestressinBrE.laboratory[英]

la’boratory

[美]’laboratory①以–ary和–ory和

–ate結(jié)尾詞，

英音重音第二音節(jié)，美音第一音節(jié)：donate

[英]

do’nate

[美]

’donate②大多數(shù)復合詞英音中重音放在后，美音放在前：[英]

beef

’steak

else’where

[美]

’beefsteak

’elsewhere反例:[英]

baseball

[美]

base’ball第6頁第6頁BrE

AmE

Words/i?//?/devolutionA2,B2,epochA2

/?//o?/homosexualB2,produce/ɑ?//?/banana,javaA2/?//i/leisureA2,medievalA2/?//e?/compatriot,patriotB2/?//a?/dynasty,privacyB2/z//s/diagnoseA2,erase/ɑ?//e?/amenA2,tomato/??//?/progresswroth/?//?/accomplice,accomplish,/?//?/

ofA2,fromA2,wasA2,Singledifferences第7頁第7頁SpellingHerearesomegeneraldifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanspellings:

Wordsendingin-or(American)-our(British)color,colour,humor,humour,flavor,flavouretc.

Wordsendingin-ize(American)-ise(British)recognize,recognise,patronize,patroniseetc.

第8頁第8頁

A.E

B.E對話dialog

dialogue

媽媽

mummy

mommy

米

metermetre劇院

theatertheatre

中心

centercentre

顏色

colorcolour

最喜歡

favoritefavourite

spellingdifferences第9頁第9頁冠詞

⑴英國人用冠詞時美國人不用冠詞。

英式：ItwasaTuesdayandhewasn‘tbackatworkuntiltheWednesday.

⑵美國人用冠詞時英國人不用冠詞。

英式：Ihadbeenoutofhospitableforsixweeks.

Grammer第10頁第10頁PrepositionsTherearealsoafewdifferencesinprepositionuseincludingthefollowing:AmericanEnglish-ontheweekend

BritishEnglish-attheweekendAmericanEnglish-onateam

BritishEnglish-inateamAmericanEnglish-pleasewritemesoon

BritishEnglish-pleasewritetomesoon第11頁第11頁British:ageing,routeing,swingeingAmerican:aging,routing,swinging第12頁第12頁GrammarUseofthePresentPerfectPossessionUseoftheverbGetWill/ShallUseofprepositions

UseoftheSubjunctiveCollectiveNounsAuxiliaryverb+doHehasgonehome.(BE)Hewenthome.ORHehasgonehome.(AE)Haveyougotacar?(BE)Doyouhaveacar?ORHaveyougotacar?(AE)Hehasgotaprize.(BE)Hehasgottenaprize.(AE)ShallIhelpyouwiththehomework?(BE)ShouldIhelpyouwiththehomework?(AE)attheweekend（BE）She'llbecominghomeonweekends.(AE)Theteamis/aregoingtolose.(BE)Theteamisgoingtolose.(AE)MayIhavealookatyourpapers?Youmay(do)(BE)Youmay.(AE)第13頁第13頁PasttenseformsInfinitiveSimplepast

(Br)Simplepast

(Am)Pastparticiple

(Br)Pastparticiple

(Am)burnburned/

burntburned/

burntburned/

burntburned/

burntdreamdreamed/

dreamtdreamed/

dreamtdreamed/dreamtdreamed/

dreamtgetgotgotgotgottenleanleaned/

leantleanedleaned/

leantleanedlearnlearned/

learntlearnedlearned/

learntlearned第14頁第14頁proveprovedprovedprovedproved/

provensawsawedsawedsawnsawn/

sawedsmellspilled/

spiltsmelledsmelled/

smeltsmelledspillspilled/

spiltspilledspilled/

spiltspilledspoilspoiled/

spoiltspoiled/

spoiltspoiled/

spoiltspoiled/

spoiltwakewokewoke/

wakedwokenwoken第15頁第15頁AmericanBritish公寓apartmentflat洗手間bathroom/restroomtoilet罐頭cantin糖果candysweets玉米cornmaize電梯elevatorlift橡皮擦eraserrubber一樓firstfloorgroundfloor手電筒flashlighttorch垃圾桶garbagecandustbin汽油gasgasolinepetrol薯片potatochipscrisp足球soccerfootball人行道sidewalkpavement第16頁第16頁英語美式英語英式英語bankbill鈔票匯票billion十億萬億biscuit軟餅蘇打餅干corn玉米谷物，小麥firstfloor一層二層football橄欖球足球overall工裝褲緊身褲pants長褲內(nèi)褲purse手提包婦女小錢包trillion兆百萬兆第17頁第17頁漢語意思美式英語英式英語百貨公司departmentstorestore別客氣，不用謝1You'rewelcomeNotatall別客氣，不用謝2SureDon'tmentionit長褲pantstrousers長途電話long-distancecalltrunkcall稱呼朋友1fellowbloke稱呼朋友2guyschap稱呼朋友3buddymate出租車cabtaxi打電話callring第18頁第18頁舌頭大挑戰(zhàn)1.Goodcookiescouldbecookedbyagoodcookifagoodcookcouldcookgoodcookies.2.AnnsentAndytenhensandAndysentAnntenpens.第19頁第19頁舌頭大挑戰(zhàn)3.Bill'sbigbrotherisbuildingabeautifulbuildingbetweentwobigbrickblock