中考英語真題閱讀理解完成句子及表格

（2016?四川成都）三、B完成表格。閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容，完成表格中所缺的信息，

并將答案填寫在答題卡相應(yīng)題號后。（共10小題，每小題1分，計10分）

Humanshavefivesenses:sight,hearing,smell,tasteandtouch.Theycollecttheinfonnation

forthebrain.Forexample,theeyescollectinformationonpicturesandtheearscollect

informationonsounds.

Sometimesapersonlosesasense.Theirothersensesbecomebetter.Forexample,ablindperson

hasmuchbettersensesofhearingandtouch.

Sight

Theeyescanonlyseewithlight.Lightcarriesthepictureofsomethingintotheeyesso

humanscanseeit.Butdoyouknowthatthepictureisupsidedown?Thebrainhastoturnthe

picturetherightwayupagain.

Hearing

Soundstravelthroughtheairlikewaves（波）.Humanearsarelikecups.Theycatchsound

wavesforthebrainandthebraintranslatesthemasdifferentsound.

Smell

Humanssmellwiththeirnoses.Mostpeoplecanrecognizeabout10,000kindsofsmell.This

isamazing!Humanseachhavefivemillionreceptorcells（感受細(xì)胞）intheirnoses.Nosesarenot

onlyforsmelling.Theyalsocleanandwarmtheairthatpeoplebreathein.Howdoesthenose

preventthedirtyairfromgettingintothebody?Well,itsneezes（打噴嚏）！

Touch

Therearereceptorcellsforthesenseoftouchalloverthebody.Thisisdifferentfrontthe

othersenses.Touchreceptorcellsareinthelowestpartoftheskin.Theyhelpthebodytohaveall

kindsoffeelingslikepain,coldandheat.Somepartsofthebody（likethefinger）aremore

sensitive（敏感的）thanotherpartsofthebody（liketheback）becausetheyhavemoretouch

receptorcells.

Taste

Peoplecantastefoodbecausetheyhaveabout10,000tastebuds（味蕾）ontheirtongues.Old

tastebudsdieandnewonescomeouteverytwoweeks.Butwhenpeoplegetolder,thishappens

lessoften.That'swhyoldpeopleoftencomplaintheirfoodistasteless.Scientistsalsofindthat

smokershavefewertastebuds.Doyouwantfoodtotastegood?Well,don'tsmoke!

Forhundredsofyears,peopleknewthebasictastesweresour,sweet,saltyandbitter（苦）.In

2002,afifthtaste,umami（delicioustaste）joinedthelist.Now,astudyfromPurdueUniversityin

theUSfoundthatfatcouldactuallybethesixthbasictaste.

Tobeconsideredabasicone,atasteneedstobeabletoactivatecertainreceptorcellsinthe

months.Astudyhasshownthathumanshavefatreceptorsinthemouths.Notlongafterthat,a

scientistmadeastudytotestasecondquestion:canpeopletastethedifferencebetweenfatand

othertastes?

RichardMattesgavethetesterssixdifferentkindsofthings.Eachkindhadataste:sweet,

salty,sour,bitter,umamiorthenewcomer-fat.Mattesaskedthepeopletopickouttastesbytheir

differences.Thiswastotestwhetherornotfatwouldbepickedoutfromthegroup.Mostofthe

testerscouldclearlyfindoutthedifferenttasteoffat.

Thenhowdoesfattaste?"It'sterrible."Manessaid“However,thetastecanbepleasantina

smallamount,justasweei\joythebitternessofchocolate.”

senses]factsaboutthesenses

sighteyesPicturesofrealthingsarecompletelydifferentin2fromthose

carriedbylightintotheeyes.

hearingearsSoundwavescaughtbyearsmustgothroughaprocesslike_3

sothatwecanheardifferentsounds.

smellnoseThefunctionsofnosearesmelling,cleaningandwarmingtheair

peoplebreathein.Sneezingisthewayto4thedirtyairwe

breathein.

touch5Peoplefeelpain,coldandheat6thefunctionofthereceptors.

Sothemoretouchreceptorswehave,themoresensitiveweare.

tastetongueOldtastebudsdieandnewonescomeouteverytwoweeks.Losing

acertainamountoftastebuds7thattheoldandthesmokers

haveabadsenseoftaste.Theycan'tenjoytastyfoodlikeothers.

8soursweetsaltybitterumami

OnenewlyfoundAscientificstudyhasprovedpeoplehavefat

tastereceptorsinthemouth.One9study

shows:peoplecanclearly10thetasteof

fatfromothertastes.

【主旨大意】這是一篇說明文。介紹的是人的各種感覺，包括視覺、聽覺、嗅覺、觸覺、味

覺等。本文詳細(xì)介紹了各種感覺是如何產(chǎn)生的。作者認(rèn)為人的味覺除了有酸、甜、苦、咸之

外，還有一種新的味覺——鮮味。美國一所大學(xué)研究認(rèn)為，還應(yīng)該把包（最好的部分）作為

第六種感覺，但是這種感覺在社會各界爭議很大。

1.partsofthebody/collectors/organs【解析】通讀表格各豎欄可知，豎欄中各項都是人的身

體的各個部分，即器官。

2.brain【解析】由第三段中的"Butdoyouknowthatthepictureisupsidedown?Thebrainhasto

turnthepicturetherightwayupagain”可知：物體在人的眼睛中成的圖像是倒立的，大腦必

須把圖像再次顛倒過來。故判斷這里應(yīng)該填brain（大腦）?句意：真實物體在人的大腦中

成的圖像和通過光線傳送到眼睛中的圖像是完全不同的。

3.translating【解析】由第四段中的“Theycatchsoundwavesforthebrainandthebrain

translatesthemasdifferentsound”可知：人的耳朵捕捉到聲波傳送給大腦，大腦把各種聲波轉(zhuǎn)

換“翻譯”成各種聲音。介詞like后跟動詞，要用動詞的-ing形式，故填translating。句意：

人的大腦捕捉到聲波，必須通過一種翻譯程序，目的是我們能夠聽到各種不同的聲音。

4.takeout【解析】由第五段的最后“Howdoesthenosepreventthedirtyairfromgettinginto

thebody?Well,itsneezes”可知：打噴嚏是阻止我們呼吸的臟空氣進入身體內(nèi)。故填短語

takeout,意為"排除"。

5.skin【解析】由第六段中的“Touchreceptorcellsareinthelowestpartoftheskin.“可知：觸

覺的感受細(xì)胞在皮膚的最低部位。故觸覺的感受器官應(yīng)該是skin（皮膚）。

6.becauseof【解析】由第六段中的"Theyhelpthebodytohaveallkindsoffeelingslikepain,

coldandheat.”可知：這些感受細(xì)胞幫助人們產(chǎn)生各種像疼痛、冷、熱等感覺。故填短語

becauseof（因為）。句意：因為感受細(xì)胞的作用，人們能夠感受到疼痛、冷和熱。

7.causes【解析】由原文第七段中的"That'swhyoldpeopleoftencomplaintheirfoodistasteless.

Scientistsalsofindthatsmokershavefewertastebuds.“可知：老人隨著年齡的增長，味蕾數(shù)

量減少；吸煙者的味蕾比其他人也較少。故填動詞cause（造成；導(dǎo)致），主語是動名詞，

故用動詞的單數(shù)形式causes。句意：缺失一定數(shù)量的味蕾導(dǎo)致老人和吸煙者的味覺不太靈

敏。

8.basictastes【解析】由第八段中的"Forhundredsofyears,peopleknewthebasictasteswere

sour,sweet,saltyandbitter”可知：酸、甜、苦、咸和鮮味等是是人的基本味覺。故填basic

tastes（基本味道）。

9.more【解析】由第九段中的"Notlongafterthat,ascientistmadeastudytotestasecond

questio屋可知：在那項研究之后不久，一位科學(xué)家進行研究，來驗證另外一個問題。故填

more（另外的；其他的）。

10.tell［解析］由第十段中的“Mostofthetesterscouldclearlyfindoutthedifferenttasteoffat.”

可知：大多數(shù)被調(diào)查者能夠清晰地分辨出最美好的味覺來。故填動詞tell,意為“告訴；

分辨出”。

（2016?山東煙臺）C

StephenHawkingwasborninEnglandin1942.He'soneofthemostwell-knownscientists

onspaceandtimeintheworld.Hawkingisresearchinghowtheuniversebeganandhowitends.

HeiscalledtheKingoftheUniverse.

WhenhestudiedmathandsciencealOxfordUniversity,hebecameseriouslyill,whichmade

himunabletospeakorbreathewithoutthehelpofmachines.

Tillnow,hecan'tmoveorfeedhimselfandheishelpedtodress,eatandwashbyanurse.

However,hehasawheelchairwithaspecialcomputer,withwhichhecancommunicatewith

others.

Inspiteofallthesedifficulties,herefusedtogiveuphishopeoflivingandwentontostudy

atCambridgeUniversityaftergraduatingfromOxfordUniversity.Inl965,hegotaDoctor's

Degreeofphilosophy（哲學(xué)）.NowheworksasaprofessoratCambridgeUniversity.Becauseof

hisseriousillness,itwasdifficultforhimtodrawdiagramsortowrite.Sohestartedtothinkin

pictures.Withthisnewwayofthinking,heisrespectedbypeopleintheworld.Thenin1988,he

wrotehisfirstimportantbook,ABriefHistoryofTime.Ithasbeensoldmorethan5.5million

copiesin33differentlanguages.HewasonceinvitedtoChinatogivelectures.His

self-confidenceandhumorousconversationsimpressedusdeeply.

FromHawking'sunusualexperience,welearnthatnobodyshouldlosehope,nomatterhow

badthesituationis.Asheoncesaid."Lifeisnotfair,youjusthavetodothebestyoucaninyour

ownsituation.^^

StephenHawking

Briefintroduction?HewasborninEnglandin1942.

?Heisaworld-famousscientiston56.________.

Hisdailylife?Anursehelpshimtodress,eatandwash.

?Heuses57._________tohelphimtowalk.

?Hecommunicateswithothersbyusingaspecialcomputer.

?Hethinksinpicturesinsteadof58._______orwriting.

Hisachievements?HegotaDoctor'sDegreeofphilosophyin1965.

?ABriefHistoryofTimehasbeentranslatedinto59._______.

Hawking'sexperiencetellsusthatweshould60.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了著名的宇宙之王霍金的諸多情況?；艚鹪谂＝?/p>

大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)的時候就已經(jīng)病的很嚴(yán)重了，他不能說話，沒有機器的幫助下都不能呼

吸。不管遇到多少困難，他都沒有放棄自己的希望。文章最后用霍金的一句話結(jié)束“生活是

不公平的，你只需要盡力做好?！?/p>

56.space【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：他在_____是一個著名的世界級的科學(xué)家。根據(jù)

文章第一段He'soneofthemostwell-knownscientistsonspace可知霍金是在太空方面非常著

名的科學(xué)家。故填space。

57.awheelchair【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：他用來幫助他走路。根據(jù)文章句子.

However,hehasawheelchairwithaspecialcomputer可知霍金使用輪椅幫助他走路。故選a

wheelchair

58.drawingdiagrams【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：他用圖片來替換或書寫。根據(jù)

文章句子Becauseofhisseriousillness,itwasdifficultforhimtodrawdiagramsortowrite.So

hestartedtothinkinpictures.可知霍金用圖片來替代繪制圖表和書寫。注意insteadof后加

doing形式。故選drawingdiagrams。

59.33differentlanguages【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：ABriefHistoryofTime已經(jīng)被翻

譯成o根據(jù)文章句子Ithasbeensoldmorethan5.5millioncopiesin33different

languages.可知霍金的書成33種不同的語言。

60.holdonhope【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：霍金的經(jīng)歷告訴我們應(yīng)該。

根據(jù)文章最后一段FromHawking'sunusualexperience,welearnthatnobodyshouldlosehope,

nomatterhowbadthesituationis.可知霍金的經(jīng)歷告訴我們無論多么壞的形勢都不能放棄希

望，我們應(yīng)該堅持希望。

（2016?浙江衢州）

閱讀下面短文，然后從A、B、C三個選項中選擇正確選項填入第46?48三個空格中，

并在第49?50小題的空白處填入適當(dāng)內(nèi)容，完成文后圖表。

ThereareworldrecordsattheOlympicGames.Butwhatarethewordrecordsinkingdom?

Thelargestandheaviestanimalonearthisthebluewhale.Itweighsbetween110and120

tons.ItsheartisthesizeofaMiniCooper,It'sgotthebiggestmouthintheworldaswell.About

100peoplecanfitinsideit.Butitdoesn'teatpeople!Infact,thebiggestthingitcaneatisthesize

ofanapple.

Thegiraffeissmallerthanthebluewhalebutitisalsoarecordbreaker.It'sthetallestliving

landanimal.It'sgotthelongestneck-about2metreslong,andit'sgotthelongestlegs-about1.8

metreslong.Drinkingisdifficult,buteatingfromthetopoftreesiseasy!Anditstongueis50cm

long!

Themostdangerousanimalintheworldisn'talionorabear.It'saninsect!Themosquit-oes

（蚊子）thatcarrymalariakillover1millionpeopleayear.Afterthat,themostdangerousanimal

isthevenomoussnake.Theykill50,000to125,000peopleayear.

46.47.48.

A.themosquitoB.thegiraffeC.thebluewhale

49.50.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了在奧利匹克運動會上有世界紀(jì)錄，在動物界也

有世界紀(jì)錄。最重的是藍(lán)鯨，最長脖子的是長頸鹿，最危險的動物不是獅子或熊，而是蚊子。

46.C【解析】由第二段的thelargestandheaviestanimalonearthisthebluewhale可知，世界

上最大的，最重的動物是藍(lán)鯨。故選C。

47.B【解析】由第三段的Ifsthetallestlivinglandanimal可知,最長的活在陸地上的動物是

長頸鹿，故選B。

48.A【解析】由themosquitoesthatcarrymalariakillover1millionpeopleayear可知，蚊子

每年殺害了近100萬人，故選A。

49.weight【解析】由itweighsbetween110and120tons可知，它重在110到120噸之間,

weigh的名詞形式為weighto

50.over1million【解析】由themosquitoesthatcarrymalariakilloverImillionpeopleayear

可知。

（2016?江蘇連云港）請閱讀下面短文，在短文后表格中的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~（注意：每

空1個單詞）。

Title:Innervoicehelpsalotthroughoutourlives.

Whenyoucouldn,topenyourmouthtillthefirsttwoyearsontheearth,inner

voicehelpsyouunderstandthings.Innervoicealwaysshowsthoughtsandideasin

thebody.

Itjustifies（判斷）whatisrightandwhatiswrong.Whenwegoagainstinner

voice,weusuallyfeeluncomfortablethroughoutourlives.

Sometimeswhenwearefeelingsad,weseemtoneedsomekindofsupportinspirit.

Weusuallyspeaktoourclosestfriendorourdearestfamilymemberduringtimes

ofunhappinesstofeelbetter.Aftertalkingtothem,wesuddenlyfeelactiveagain,

becauseourinnervoiceremindsustogetonwiththingsandleavethethingsof

thepastinthememory.

Innervoiceisalwaysrightmostofthetime,becauseitknowsusbetterthan

othersandevenourselves.It'sgoodtogobyinnervoicemostofthetime.Whenever

youaretryingtosmoke,orwheneveryouareaskedtochooseonesideinanargument,

youarealwaysworriedabouttheresult.Duringthesetimes,yourinnervoicetells

youwhattodo.Ifyoudon,tfollowyourinnervoice,youmightbeunhappyinthe

future.It'sourownchoicetoeitherpaynoattentiontoourinnervoiceorfollow

itandsearchforrealhappiness.

Title:Innervoicehelpsalotthroughoutourlives.

PassageoutlineSupportingdetails

IntroductiontoinnerBeforewecantalk,innervoice71understandthings,

voiceandshowsthoughtsandideasinthebody.

Innervoicetellsuswhatisrightandwhatiswrong.We

usuallyhaveanuncomfortable72throughoutourlives

Thingsthatinnerwhenwegoagainstinnervoice.

voicehelpsuswith

Innervoiceremindsustogetonwiththingsandleavethe

thingsofthepast.

Itknowsusbetterthanothersandevenourselves.

Ittellsus74todowhenwearealwaysworriedabout

73whyweshould

theresultofourchoice.

gobyinnervoice

Wemightbeunhappyinthefuturewithout75ourinner

voice.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了我們的心聲是什么，心聲在哪些方面能夠幫助

我們以及我們?yōu)楹我S心聲。

71.helps根據(jù)短文第——段中“innervoicehelpsyouunderstandthings.Innervoice

alwaysshowsthoughtsandideasinthebody.可知，心聲幫助我們明白一些事情，表

現(xiàn)身體的思想和主意，故答案為helps。

72.feeling根據(jù)短文第二段中“Whenwegoagainstinnervoice,weusuallyfeel

uncomfortablethroughoutourlives."可知，當(dāng)我們違背心聲時，我們就會感覺生活中

不舒適。短語haveanuncomfortablefeeling意為“有一種不舒適的感覺”，此空需要一

個名詞，故答案為feeling。

73.reasons根據(jù)短文的最后一段可知，文章的最后表述的是我們根據(jù)心聲來進行判斷的

原因，故此處答案為reasonso

74.what句意為：當(dāng)我們擔(dān)心我們選擇的結(jié)果時，它會告訴我們做些什么。由短文最后一

段中aDuringthesetimes,yourinnervoicetellsyouwhattodo.”可知，固定短語

whattodo意為“該做些什么“，故答案為what。

75.following由短文最后一段中“Ifyoudon'tfollowyourinnervoice,youmight

beunhappyinthefuture.n可知，如果你不跟隨你心聲來判斷，你在將來可能會不幸福。

without是介詞，后面接動詞的-ing形式，故答案為following。

（2016?浙江麗水）閱讀下面的短文，在思維導(dǎo)圖中填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容完成閱讀摘記。

Tape-MeasureMurderisashortstorybyAgathaChristie.Inthestory,MissPolitt,thedressmaker,

findsthatMrs.SpenlowisdeadinherhouseinasmallvillagecalledStMaryMead.Everybody,

includingthepolice,thinksthatMr.Spenlowisthemurderer（兇手）becauseheissocalmand

quietafterdiscoveringhiswife'sdeath.ButafterthepolicetalktoMissMarple,shefindsoutthe

realmurderer.

ThebestpartofthestoryiswhenMissMarpleexplainshowshesolvesthemystery（疑案）

bynoticingatinypin（另針）onapoliceman'sunifbnn.Herexplanationisveryclearandclever.

MissMarpleismyfavoritecharacterinthestory.Ithinksheisveryspecialbecausesheisjustan

oldladybutsheisevensmarterthanthepolicemen.Ineverthoughtthatanoldladycouldbethe

maincharacterofadetectivestory!

Canyouguesswhothemurdereris?Readthebooktofindout!Youwillenjoythestoryvery

muchbecausetheendingissosurprising.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇書評，介紹了《軟尺謀殺案》的作者、故事情節(jié)及其精彩之處，號

召人們?nèi)プx這本書。

46.village47.MissPolitt/（the）dressmaker48.Mrs.Spenlow49.thepolice/thepolicemen50.the

oldlady/MissMarple

（2016?浙江金華）六、任務(wù)型閱讀（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）

下面是一封來自美國的郵件，內(nèi)容是你們班同學(xué)去SanFrancisco旅游的相關(guān)須知。請

你閱讀該郵件，然后將其中的要點分條列出，張貼在班級的告示欄中。

To:liming123@From: