失效模式及後果分析

FMEA

失效模式及后果分析OVERVIEWOFTHECHRYSLER/FORD/GMPOTENTIALFAILUREMODEANDEFFECTSANALYSISREFERENCEMANUAL克萊斯勒,福特,通用的潛在失效模式及效果分析參考手冊(cè)概述第一頁，共五十三頁。1FMEA

失效模式及后果分析ADDITIONALASSISTANCE其他幫助來源Chrysler克萊斯勒ProcurementandSupply(SupplierDevelopment) 采購和供應(yīng)(供應(yīng)商開發(fā)).Ford福特CustomerDivisionSupplierTechnicalAssistance(STA) 客戶部供應(yīng)商技術(shù)支持.GM通用ProcuringDivisionSupplierDevelopmentcontact 采購部供應(yīng)商開發(fā)Forspecifictechnicalquestions,contacttheappropriateresponsibleengineer(workwithyourcustomer).如有特殊問題,可以與相應(yīng)的工程師(與你們顧客一起工作的)聯(lián)系.第二頁，共五十三頁。2FMEA

失效模式及后果分析History歷史May1991-SupplierQualityRequirementsTaskForceSupplierAdvisoryCouncilidentifiedseveraltoolsthatwouldbenefitfromstandardization.在1991年5月,供應(yīng)商質(zhì)量要求行動(dòng)小組供應(yīng)商顧問委員會(huì)明確了幾種工具,并通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化使大家受益.SupplierQualityRequirementsTaskForceassessedfeasibilityandselectedseveralprojectsforcommunization,includingFMEA.供應(yīng)商質(zhì)量要求行動(dòng)小組評(píng)估了其可行性并選擇了幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目以便溝通,其中包括FMEA.FMEAWorkGroupcompletedReferenceManualinDec.1992在1992年12月,FMEA工作小組完成了參考手冊(cè)的編寫.Early1993-FMEAReferenceManualapproved 在1993年年初,FMEA參考手冊(cè)被認(rèn)可.Mid1993-Trainingdeveloped 1993年中期,建立了相關(guān)培訓(xùn).

Phasedinduring3rdquarter1993,accordingtoindividualcustomerrequirements.

根據(jù)個(gè)別顧客要求,在1993年第三季度逐步執(zhí)行.February1995updatedandreissued 1995年2月更新并再版.第三頁，共五十三頁。3FMEA

失效模式及后果分析PLEASENOTE請(qǐng)注意FMEAtrainingofferedbyFord(FairlaneTraining&DevelopmentCenter)isnotinconflictwithandisinfactcomplimentarytothisstandardizedFMEAtraining/FMEAguideline.

由福特(Fairlane培訓(xùn)和開發(fā)中心)提供的FMEA培訓(xùn)與這種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的FMEA培訓(xùn)/FMEA指導(dǎo)并不矛盾,實(shí)際上是一種有益的補(bǔ)充.

第四頁，共五十三頁。4FMEA

失效模式及后果分析Objectives目的Attendanceatthisoverviewcourseshouldenableparticipantsto:

參加這個(gè)概述課程,將會(huì)使與會(huì)者學(xué)會(huì):DescribehowtoprepareFMEAsusingtheReferenceManual.

運(yùn)用參考手冊(cè),描述怎樣去準(zhǔn)備FMEAs.UnderstandtheformatoftheReferenceManual.

了解參考手冊(cè)的格式.Knowwheretogotoreceiveadditionalassistance.

知道到哪里可以得到額外的支持.第五頁，共五十三頁。5DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析DESIGNPOTENTIALFMEA潛在的設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及效果分析Analyticaltechniqueandsystemizedgroupofactivities.

分析技術(shù)和系統(tǒng)化的小組活動(dòng).UtilizedprimarilybyDesignResponsibleEngineer/Team

它主要被具有設(shè)計(jì)責(zé)任的工程師/小組會(huì)所運(yùn)用.第六頁，共五十三頁。6DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析DESIGNPOTENTIALFMEABENEFITS潛在的設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析的益處:Helpsassurepotentialfailuremodesandtheireffectshavebeenaddressed.

可幫助確認(rèn)潛在失效模式和它們的影響后果.Identifiesassociatedcauses/mechanisms

可識(shí)別相關(guān)的起因/機(jī)理Identifiesactionstoreduceoreliminatethechanceofthefailureoccurring.

可標(biāo)識(shí)出降低或消除失效出現(xiàn)機(jī)會(huì)的措施.Aidsinobjectiveevaluationofdesignrequirementsandalternatives.

有助于在設(shè)計(jì)要求和選擇中的目標(biāo)評(píng)估.Aidsininitialdesignformanufacturingandassemblyrequirements.

有助于在初始設(shè)計(jì)過程中滿足制造和裝配的要求.Increaseprobabilitythatfailuremodesandeffectshavebeenconsideredduringdesignphase.

在設(shè)計(jì)階段可增加考慮到失效模式及其影響后果的機(jī)率.Aidsindesigntestanddevelopmentprograms

有助于實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)和項(xiàng)目開發(fā).(TOBECONTINUED待續(xù))第七頁，共五十三頁。7DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析DESIGNPOTENTIALFMEABENEFITS(CONTINUED)潛在的設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及效果分析的益處:(接續(xù))Failuresassessedfromcustomer’spointofview.

從顧客觀點(diǎn)角度去評(píng)估失效.Allowstrackinganddocumentingrisk-reducingactions

可對(duì)降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)措施進(jìn)行追蹤和文件記錄.Excellentreferenceforfutureanalysisanddesigns

對(duì)于將來的分析和設(shè)計(jì),是非常好的參考.DocumentstheDesignFMEAprocess.

使DFMEA過程文件化.第八頁，共五十三頁。8PFMEA

過程失效模式及后果分析ProcessPotentialFMEA過程潛在失效模式及效果分析Analyticaltechniqueandsystemizedgroupofactivities.

分析技術(shù)和有組織的小組活動(dòng).UtilizedprimarilybyaManufacturingResponsibleEngineer/Team

它主要被具有制造責(zé)任的工程師/小組會(huì)所運(yùn)用第九頁，共五十三頁。9PFMEA

過程失效模式及后果分析ProcessPotentialFMEABenefits過程潛在失效模式及效果分析的益處Helpsassureproduct-relatedprocessfailuremodesandtheireffectshavebeenaddressed.

可幫助確認(rèn)與生產(chǎn)相關(guān)的過程失效模式和它們的影響效果所在的位置Identifiesassociatedcauses/mechanisms.

可識(shí)別相關(guān)聯(lián)的起因/機(jī)理Identifiesactionstoreduceoreliminatethechanceofthefailureoccurring.

可標(biāo)識(shí)出降低或消除失效出現(xiàn)機(jī)會(huì)的措施.

Identifypotentialmanufacturingorassemblyprocesscausesoffailure.

可鑒別在制造或裝配過程中失效的潛在起因Identifyprocessvariablesthat,ifcontrolled,canreduceoccurrenceorimprovedetectionoffailureconditions.

可鑒別過程變量,如果此變量受控,可以降低出現(xiàn)頻率或提高失效條件的發(fā)現(xiàn)度.Helpsprioritizecorrectiveactions

有助于糾正措施的優(yōu)化排序.Excellentin-processreference.

在過程方面是非常優(yōu)秀的參考.DocumentstheProcessFMEAprocess.

使PFMEA過程文件化.第十頁，共五十三頁。10FMEA

失效模式及后果分析CUSTOMER顧客ForpurposesofpreparingFMEAs,thedefinitionof“customer”includes:

對(duì)于準(zhǔn)備FMEAs的目的來講,“顧客”的定義包括:Theenduser

最終用戶Designresponsibleengineers/teamsofvehicleandhigherlevelassemblies.

車型設(shè)計(jì)和更高一級(jí)裝配過程設(shè)計(jì)的工程師們/設(shè)計(jì)小組Processresponsibleengineers/teamsinactivitiessuchas

在如下活動(dòng)中,負(fù)有過程責(zé)任的工程師們/小組 Manufacturing生產(chǎn) Assembly裝配 Service售后服務(wù)Subsequentdownstreammanufacturing,assembly,orserviceoperation.

下一道生產(chǎn),裝配工序,或服務(wù). 第十一頁，共五十三頁。11FMEA

失效模式及后果分析OtherDefinitionsinGlossary(Appendix)其他的術(shù)語(附錄)DesignIntent設(shè)計(jì)目的DesignofExperiments(DOE)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)DesignValidation/Verification(DV)設(shè)計(jì)驗(yàn)證/審核ProcessChange過程更改Pareto帕雷托圖

QFD質(zhì)量功能分解Controlplan控制計(jì)劃Process過程SpecialProductCharacteristic產(chǎn)品特殊特性Designlife設(shè)計(jì)壽命第十二頁，共五十三頁。12FMEA

失效模式及后果分析WhoshouldpreparetheFMEA?誰來做FMEA?“…theresponsibleengineerisexpectedtodirectlyandactivelyinvolverepresentativesfromallaffectedareas.” “希望負(fù)有責(zé)任的工程師能夠直接地,主動(dòng)地聯(lián)系所有相關(guān)部門的代表.”TeamEffort

團(tuán)隊(duì)的努力

ProductDesign產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)Reliability可靠性Assembly裝配Purchasing采購Manufacturing生產(chǎn)Testing測試Materials材料Service售后服務(wù)Quality質(zhì)量Suppliers供應(yīng)商Sales銷售LegalDepartment法律部門Designarearesponsiblefornextassembly下一級(jí)裝配的設(shè)計(jì)責(zé)任部門.Othersasappropriate其他視情況.第十三頁，共五十三頁。13DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析SourcesofInformation資料來源Teambrainstorming小組的集思廣義DesignandEngineeringSpecifications設(shè)計(jì)和工程規(guī)范Manufacturing/Processspecifications制造/過程規(guī)范ControlPlans控制計(jì)劃WarrantyData保修記錄ReliabilityData可靠性數(shù)據(jù)RecallData召回記錄QualityFunctionDeploymentstudies質(zhì)量功能配置研究QualitySurveys質(zhì)量審查TestReports檢測報(bào)告TeardownReports破壞性報(bào)告.OtherFMEAs其他的FMEAsetc.等第十四頁，共五十三頁。14DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析When?什么時(shí)間?DesignFMEAshouldbeinitiatedbeforeoratdesignconceptfinalization DFMEA應(yīng)在概念設(shè)計(jì)完成之前開始.ProcessFMEAshouldbeinitiatedbeforeoratthefeasibilitystage,priortotoolingforproduction PFMEA應(yīng)在可行性研究階段時(shí)或之前,在生產(chǎn)工裝開發(fā)之前開始.FMEAsare“l(fā)ivingdocuments” FMEAs是動(dòng)態(tài)文件.FMEAsshouldbecontinuallyupdatedaschangesoccurandnewinformationisobtained.

只要出現(xiàn)更改和蕕得新的信息,FMEAs文件就得更新.

(Tobecontinued待續(xù))第十五頁，共五十三頁。15FMEA

失效模式及后果分析When?(Continued)什么時(shí)間?(接續(xù))FMEAsshouldbeperformedbeforefailuremodesareunknowinglydesignedin

確保FMEAs工作在一些失效模式被無意地包括在設(shè)計(jì)中之前完成.Upfronttimecanalleviatelate-changecrises.

早期開展可以避免后期更改.Properlyapplied,FMEAisaninteractive,never-endingprocess.

適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)用,FMEA是一個(gè)相互作用的,永不終止的過程.第十六頁，共五十三頁。16DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析DevelopmentofaDesignFMEA設(shè)計(jì)FEMA的開發(fā)Assembleteam成立小組AssignResponsibilities分配責(zé)任Leader組長Data-Gathering采集數(shù)據(jù)Recorder記錄員第十七頁，共五十三頁。17DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析PrepareBlockDiagram制作框圖Helpswithunderstandingfunction幫助對(duì)功能的了解Helpswithunderstandingscope幫助對(duì)范圍的了解ShouldbeincludedwithFMEAdocuments應(yīng)當(dāng)包括在FEMA文件中BeginFMEAFEMA開始第十八頁，共五十三頁。18DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析PLEASEREFERTOTHESAMPLEFMEAONPAGE8OFTHEPOTENTIALFAILUREMODEANDEFFECTSANALYSISREFERENCEMANUAL請(qǐng)參閱潛在失效模式及后果分析參考手冊(cè)中第八頁的FEMA示例第十九頁，共五十三頁。19DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析FMEAREFERENCEMANUALFEMA參考手冊(cè)(1)FMEANumberFMEA編號(hào)(2)Systems,Subsystem,orComponentNameandNumber

系統(tǒng)、子系統(tǒng)或零部件的名稱、編號(hào)(3)DesignResponsibility

設(shè)計(jì)責(zé)任OEM整車廠Department/Group部門/小組Supplier(ifknown)供應(yīng)商(如果知道)第二十頁，共五十三頁。20DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(4)Preparedby

編制者(5)Modelyear(s)/Vehicle(s)

年型/車型(6)KeyData

關(guān)鍵日期InitialFMEAduedate初始FMEA完成日期Shouldnotexceedscheduleddesignreleasedate不應(yīng)超過計(jì)劃的生產(chǎn)設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)布的日期(7)Date

日期第二十一頁，共五十三頁。21DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析FMEAREFERENCEMANUALFMEA參考手冊(cè)(8)CoreTeam核心小組

allindividualsinvolved所有參與的個(gè)人includeadistributionlistwithaddress/phone#s 包括一張記錄參加人員地址/電話的分發(fā)表(9)Item/Function項(xiàng)目/功能

Entername/number填入名稱/號(hào)碼Enterallfunctions填入所有的功能Considerfunctionsforallpartfeaturesoneatatime 一次性考慮到所有零件的特點(diǎn)功能第二十二頁，共五十三頁。22DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(10)PotentialFailureMode

潛在失效模式“themannerinwhichacomponent,subsystem,orsystemcouldpotentiallyfailtomeetthedesignintent.” “零部件，子系統(tǒng)或系統(tǒng)有可能未達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)意圖的形式“。Usephysicalterms,notsymptomsnoticedbycustomer.

應(yīng)用規(guī)范化的術(shù)語，而不同于顧客所見的現(xiàn)象。Reviewvariouspiecesofdocumentationforideas

運(yùn)用各種方法評(píng)審不同的文件Brainstorm

腦力激蕩第二十三頁，共五十三頁。23DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析FMEAREFERENCEMANUALFMEA參考手冊(cè)(11)PotentialEffect(s)ofFailure

潛在失效后果Effectonfunction 對(duì)系統(tǒng)功能的影響Asperceivedbycustomer 如顧客感受的一樣第二十四頁，共五十三頁。24DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(12)Severity(S)Theseriousnessoftheeffectofthepotentialfailuremode.AreductioninSeverityRankingcanonlyoccurasaresultofadesignchange.SuggestedEvaluationCriteria:Effectcriteria:SeverityofEffectRankingHazardousVeryhighseverityrankingwhenapotentialfailuremodeaffectssafevehicleoperationand/orinvolveswithoutwarning:noncompliancewithgovernmentregulationwithoutwarning.10HazardouswithVeryhighseverityrankingwhenapotentialfailuremodeaffectssafevehicleoperationand/orinvolveswarning:noncompliancewithgovernmentregulationwithwarning.9......Etc.Pleaserefertopage13oftheFMEAManual第二十五頁，共五十三頁。25DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(12)嚴(yán)重度(S)潛在失效模式影響后果的嚴(yán)重程度。要減少失效的嚴(yán)重度級(jí)別數(shù)值，只能通過修改設(shè)計(jì)來實(shí)現(xiàn)。推薦的評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則：(請(qǐng)參考FMEA手冊(cè)中第13頁)Effectcriteria:SeverityofEffectRankingHazardousVeryhighseverityrankingwhenapotentialfailuremodeaffectssafevehicleoperationand/orinvolveswithoutwarning:noncompliancewithgovernmentregulationwithoutwarning.10HazardouswithVeryhighseverityrankingwhenapotentialfailuremodeaffectssafevehicleoperationand/orinvolveswarning:noncompliancewithgovernmentregulationwithwarning.9......Etc.第二十六頁，共五十三頁。26DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析SuggestedEvaluationCriteria推薦的評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則Thisisthesuggestedcriteria

這是推薦的準(zhǔn)則Theteamshouldagreeonanevaluationcriteriaandrankingsystem,whichisconsistent,evenifmodifiedforindividualproductanalysis

設(shè)計(jì)小組對(duì)評(píng)定準(zhǔn)則和分級(jí)規(guī)則應(yīng)意見一致，即使因?yàn)閭€(gè)別產(chǎn)品分析作了修改也應(yīng)一致。haveyourcustomer’sconcurrence

取得顧客的同意includetherevisedcriteriainyourdocumentation

在文件中包括已修改的準(zhǔn)則beconsistentthroughouttheanalysis

在分析中保持一致性

第二十七頁，共五十三頁。27DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(13)Classification分級(jí)Usedtoclassifyanyspecialproductcharacteristicforcomponent,subsystemorsystemcharacteristicsthatmayrequireadditionalprocesscontrols.

可用于對(duì)零件、子系統(tǒng)或系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)品特性分級(jí)，它們可能還需要附加的過程控制。Safetyand/orGovernment-RegulatedCharacteristics

安全性和/或政府法規(guī)特性SafetyItem安全條款CriticalCharacteristic關(guān)鍵特性

Safety/Compliance安全/符合

KeyProductCharacteristic關(guān)鍵產(chǎn)品特性第二十八頁，共五十三頁。28DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析ImportantPerformance,Fit,orAppearanceCharacteristics

重要性能，安裝或外觀特性CriticalCharacteristic 關(guān)鍵特性CriticalVerification

關(guān)鍵確認(rèn)SignificantCharacteristic

重要特性Fit/FunctionKeyProductCharacteristic

配合/功能關(guān)鍵產(chǎn)品特性Useyourcustomer’smethods

應(yīng)用顧客的方法第二十九頁，共五十三頁。29DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(14)PotentialCauses/Mechanism(s)ofFailure

潛在失效的起因/機(jī)理Indicationofadesignweakness

設(shè)計(jì)薄弱部分的跡象Consequenceisfailuremode

結(jié)果就是失效模式Listeveryconceivablecause/mechanismoffailure

列出每個(gè)可以想到的失效起因/機(jī)理第三十頁，共五十三頁。30DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(15)Occurrence(O)Thelikelihoodthataspecificcause/mechanismoffailurewilloccurCanonlybereducedbyadesignchangethatremovesorcontrosacause/mechanismoffailureSuggestedEvaluationCriteria:ProbabilityofFailurePossibleFailureRatesRankingVeryhigh:Failureisalmostinevitable

1in2101in39High:Repeatedfailures1in881in207Moderate:Occasionalfailures1in8061in40051in2,0004Low:Relativelyfewfailures1in15,00031in150,0002Remote:Failureisunlikely1in1,500,0001Pleaserefertopage17oftheFMEAMANUAL第三十一頁，共五十三頁。31DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(15)頻度(O)指某一特定失效起因或機(jī)理出現(xiàn)的可能性。通過設(shè)計(jì)更改來消除或控制一個(gè)或更多的失效起因或機(jī)理是降低頻度數(shù)的唯一途徑。推薦的評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則：(請(qǐng)參考FMEA手冊(cè)的第17頁)ProbabilityofFailurePossibleFailureRatesRankingVeryhigh:Failureisalmostinevitable

1in2101in39High:Repeatedfailures1in881in207Moderate:Occasionalfailures1in8061in40051in2,0004Low:Relativelyfewfailures1in15,00031in150,0002Remote:Failureisunlikely1in1,500,0001第三十二頁，共五十三頁。32DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(16)CurrentDesignControl現(xiàn)行設(shè)計(jì)控制Validation/Verificationactivitieswhichwillassureadequacyofdesign

設(shè)計(jì)確認(rèn)/驗(yàn)證將保證該設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)果是恰當(dāng)?shù)腎nitialoccurrenceanddetectionrankingsarebasedonthesecurrentcontrols

最初的頻度或不易探測度數(shù)取決于現(xiàn)行的控制方法“Current”isbasedonsameorsimilardesigns “現(xiàn)行”取決于相同或相似的設(shè)計(jì)Remember:thesearetestsperformedbeforepartisreleasedforproduction

切記：這些試驗(yàn)是在零件被批準(zhǔn)生產(chǎn)之前進(jìn)行的第三十三頁，共五十三頁。33DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析TherearethreetypesofDesignControls/Featurestoconsider;thosethat:

有三種設(shè)計(jì)控制方法可考慮，它們是：1)Preventthecause/mechanismorfailuremode/effectfromoccurring,orreducetheirrateofoccurrence

防止起因/機(jī)理或失效模式/后果的出現(xiàn)，或減少它們出現(xiàn)率2)Detectthecause/mechanismandleadtocorrectiveactions

查出起因/機(jī)理并導(dǎo)致找到糾正措施3)Detectthefailuremode

查明失效模式第三十四頁，共五十三頁。34DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(17)Detection(D)AbilityofaCurrentDesignControltoidentifyapotentialcauseSuggestedEvaluationCriteria:DetectionCriteria:likelihoodofDetectionbyDesignControlRankingAbsoluteDesignControlwillnotand/orcannotdetectapotentialcause/10Uncertaintymechanismandsubsequentfailuremode;orthereisnoDesignControl.....etc

Pleaserefertopage19oftheFMEAMANUAL.第三十五頁，共五十三頁。35DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(17)不易探測度(D)用現(xiàn)行設(shè)計(jì)控制方法來探測潛在失效原因能力的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)推薦的評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則：(請(qǐng)參考FMEA手冊(cè)的第19頁)DetectionCriteria:likelihoodofDetectionbyDesignControlRankingAbsoluteDesignControlwillnotand/orcannotdetectapotentialcause/10Uncertaintymechanismandsubsequentfailuremode;orthereisnoDesignControl.....etc

第三十六頁，共五十三頁。36DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(18)RiskPriorityNumber(RPN)

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)順序數(shù)(RPN)RPN=S*O*D 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)順序數(shù)是嚴(yán)重度數(shù)(S),頻度數(shù)(O),和不易探測度數(shù)(D)的乘積Usedasaguidetohelprankprocessconcerns 用來對(duì)過程中所擔(dān)心的事項(xiàng)排序Golfscoreconcept(Lowerisbetter) 就象高爾比賽得分那樣,數(shù)值越小越好Thereareno“threshold”values 沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分值Specialattentionshouldbegivenwhenseverityishigh(asdefinedbytheteam,includingtheCustomer) 由可行性小組(包括顧客)所定義的嚴(yán)重度高時(shí)要給予特別關(guān)注第三十七頁，共五十三頁。37DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(18)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)順序數(shù)(RPN)Likethechart,sorttheRPN,andtakecorrectiveactionstoreducethehigherones;就象圖表所示,先排列出所有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)順序值,然后優(yōu)先解決高分值問題第三十八頁，共五十三頁。38DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(19)RecommendedAction(s)

建議措施IntentistoreduceSeverity,Occurrence,and/orDetectionrankings目的是為了減少嚴(yán)重度，出現(xiàn)頻次，和/或不易探測度Examples例如DOE試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)RevisedTestPlan修改試驗(yàn)計(jì)劃RevisedDesign修改設(shè)計(jì)RevisedMaterialSpecification修改材料性能要求第三十九頁，共五十三頁。39DFMEA

設(shè)計(jì)失效模式及后果分析(20)Responsibility/TargetDate

責(zé)任/目標(biāo)日期(21)ActionsTaken

采取的措施(22)ResultingRPN

糾正后的RPN第四十頁，共五十三頁。40PFMEA

過程失效模式及后果分析DevelopmentofaProcessFMEA過程FMEA的開發(fā)AssembleTeam

成立小組AssignResponsibilities職責(zé)分配leader組長data-gathering數(shù)據(jù)收集recorder記錄員Processflowdiagramisvaluableatthispoint

在這個(gè)時(shí)候,過程流程圖是非常有用的.BeginFMEA 開始FMEA工作第四十一頁，共五十三頁。41PFMEA

過程失效模式及后果分析HeaderInformation前面的信息Items(1)through(8)

從(1)至(8)項(xiàng)EssentiallythesameasDesignFMEA 內(nèi)容基本上與DFMEA一樣.

第四十二頁，共五十三頁。42PFMEA

過程失效模式及后果分析(9)ProcessFunction/Requirements過程功能/要求Enterdescriptionandpurpose輸入功能描述和目的.Beasconciseaspossible盡可能簡要.(10)PotentialFailureMode潛在失效模式“…themannerinwhichtheprocesscouldpotentiallyfailtomeettheprocessrequirementsand/ordesignintent.” “…是指過程可能發(fā)生的不滿足過程要求和/或設(shè)計(jì)意圖的形式.Adescriptionofnon-conformance

是對(duì)不符合的一個(gè)描述.Assumeincomingpartsarecorrect

假定提供的部件都是合格的.Remembertoconsidersubsequentoperations.

記得要考慮下道工序.第四十三頁，共五十三頁。43PFMEA

過程失效模式及后果分析(11)PotentialEffect(s)ofFailure潛在失效后果Effectoffailuremodebasedonwhatcustomermightnotice/experience

失效模式后果是依據(jù)顧客可能注意到的或所經(jīng)歷的.Includessubsequentprocessoperations

應(yīng)包括下道工序操作.(12)Severity嚴(yán)重度Theseriousnessoftheeffectofthepotentialfailuremode

是指潛在失效模式后果的嚴(yán)重程度.SuggestedEvaluationCriteria(PleaserefertoPage35oftheFMEAMANUAL.)

推薦的評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則.(請(qǐng)參考FMEA手冊(cè))SimilartoDesignFMEA,butalsoconsidersoperations/subsequentprocessoperations.

與DFMEA一樣,但應(yīng)考慮操作或下道工序操作.第四十四頁，共五十三頁。44PFMEA

過程失效模式及后果分析(13)Classification分級(jí)SimilartoDesignFMEA與DFMEA一樣.Ifclassificationismade,notifyresponsibledesignengineer.

如果確定了某一分級(jí),應(yīng)通知設(shè)計(jì)主管工程師.Ifclassificationismade,mustbeaddressedintheProcessControlPlan.

如果確定了某一分級(jí),它一定要包括在過程控制計(jì)劃中.(14)PotentialCause(s)/Mechanism(s)ofFailure潛在失效起因/機(jī)理“…h(huán)owthefailurecouldoccur.” “…失效是怎樣發(fā)生的.”Describedintermsofsomethingthatcanbecorrected/controlled

應(yīng)用術(shù)語來形容那些可糾正或控制的機(jī)理或起因RequiresdeterminationofRootCause

要求要決定根本起因.第四十五頁，共五十三頁。45PFMEA

過程失效模式及后果分析(15)Occurrence頻度(O)Ifavailable,statisticaldatashouldbeused

如果必要,可應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì).SuggestedEvaluationCriteria:

推薦評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn).PleaserefertoPage39oftheFMEAMANUAL.請(qǐng)參考FMEA手冊(cè)第39頁第四十六頁，共五十三頁。46PFMEA

過程失效模式及后果分析(16)CurrentProcessControls現(xiàn)行過