高中英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)課件

EnglishBasicTenses(時(shí)態(tài)(shítài))第一頁，共56頁。1他每天都來。他昨天來了.他已經(jīng)來了.他明天來.漢語借助詞匯手段而非詞的形態(tài)變化來表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)生,而英語(yīnɡyǔ)主要通過謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變化來表現(xiàn).任何句子都要先注意時(shí)態(tài).Hecameyesterday.Hehascome.Hewillcometomorrow.Hecomeseveryday.第二頁，共56頁。2英語(yīnɡyǔ)的常見時(shí)態(tài)：一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來一般將來時(shí)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)將來完成時(shí)過去將來過去將來時(shí)第三頁，共56頁。3時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成常用時(shí)間狀語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般過去時(shí)

一般將來時(shí)

過去將來時(shí)

將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

過去完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

do(第三人稱(dìsānrénchēnɡ)單數(shù)does)動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)過去式didwill(shall)＋動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)原形begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形beaboutto＋動(dòng)詞原形beto＋動(dòng)詞原形would＋動(dòng)詞原形will(shall)＋be＋現(xiàn)在分詞am(is,are)＋現(xiàn)在分詞was(were)＋現(xiàn)在分詞have(has)＋過去分詞had＋過去分詞have(has)＋been＋現(xiàn)在分詞always,usually,often,sometimes,every...,twiceaweek等yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday,last...,...ago等tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,next...,in...等ateight(thistime)tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語now,duringthesedays,或look,listen等引起注意的詞語ateight(thistime)yesterday等already,just,yet,since...,for...等by...,before...等for...,since...等多用于間接引語的賓語從句中第四頁，共56頁。4導(dǎo)入之一：Howisyourdailylifeasahighschoolstudent?(using3sentencesormore,使用實(shí)意動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)和系動(dòng)詞(dòngcí),注意動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)形式變化)第五頁，共56頁。52.用法:1)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示(biǎoshì)頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用，如often,usually,always,everyday/year,sometimes,onSunday等。2)表示不受時(shí)間限制的科學(xué)事實(shí)(shìshí)或客觀真理。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.IstudyhardeverydayandIgetalongwellwithmyclassmates,butsometimesImissmyfamilies.一、一般現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)時(shí)(TheSimplePresenttense)1.結(jié)構(gòu):do/does

第六頁，共56頁。63〕表示主語的特征(tèzhēng)、性格、能力等Mr.Smithhatesfishandnevereatsany.MaryspeaksbothEnglishandFrenchverywell.4〕按方案、規(guī)定，時(shí)間表(如汽車、飛機(jī)、會(huì)議)等將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在(cúnzài)的狀態(tài),一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等位移/終止性動(dòng)詞，常與時(shí)間狀語連用．Thetrainleavesatthreethisafternoon.Themeetingstartsat2:00p.m.第七頁，共56頁。76〕在局部倒裝句中，表示(biǎoshì)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.5〕在時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替(dàitì)一般將來時(shí),即主將從現(xiàn)。Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,we_______(go)tothecountryside.Ifhe______(come)thisafternoon，we__________(have)ameeting.

iswillgocomeswillhave第八頁，共56頁。81.Noteveryone

(like)watchingTVnow.

2.Thispairofshoes

(sell)well.3.Theteachertoldusthelight

(travel)at300,000kilometersasecond.4.BillandTomarehard--workingstudents.Theynever

(leave)today’sworkfortomorrow.5.I’lltellhimaboutitassoonashe

(come)back.Haveatrylikessellstravelsleavecomes第九頁，共56頁。9Example:

I_______(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriends.Wealways________(play)footballandbasketballtogetherandwe_______(not)havesomuchhomeworktodoasnow.We_______(be)happyatthattime.spentplayeddidn’twere導(dǎo)入之二：Howdidyouspendyourchildhood?第十頁，共56頁。10二、一般過去時(shí)(TheSimplePastTense)1.結(jié)構(gòu):謂動(dòng)用動(dòng)詞過去式(V-ed)2.用法:在過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在(cúnzài)的狀態(tài)。常與表示過去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。如yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,in1982等。第十一頁，共56頁。111.----Look!Someonehasspilt〔溢出〕coffeeonthecarpet〔地毯(dìtǎn)〕.----Well,it_____me.A.isn’tB.wasn’tC.hasn’tbeenD.hadn’tbeen2.He(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.(11廣東〕Bpretended1)表示過去發(fā)生的，和現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系(liánxì)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)第十二頁，共56頁。122)用一般過去時(shí)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生(fāshēng)的動(dòng)作(也可用“usedtodo〞或“woulddo〞代替)。Duringthevacationsheoftenswam/wouldswim/usedtoswiminthesea.Iusedtosmoke.

注意：①usedto表示過去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)不再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。②would注重過去習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。第十三頁，共56頁。131.Attheendofthemeeting,theheadmaster

(give)usatalk.2.Listen!Theradiosaysaseriousaccident_________

(happen)lastnight.3.----Haveyoutakenthemedicineyet?----Yes,I

(take)justnow.4.Theroomsoflibraryareclean.Theboys__________

(sweep)themyesterday.5.IwasgoinghomewhenI

(meet)anoldfriend.

gavehappenedtooksweptmetHaveatry第十四頁，共56頁。14猶如(yóurú)picture導(dǎo)入之三：HowwillyouspendyourNationalholiday?Iwill…I’mgoingto…第十五頁，共56頁。15三.一般/過去(guòqù)將來時(shí)表示將來時(shí)的四種形式①will/shall+動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)原形②begoingtodo③beabouttodo④betodo第十六頁，共56頁。161.begoingto有很強(qiáng)的方案性，打算干什么，而will表示談話(tánhuà)時(shí)臨時(shí)決定的意圖，具有臨時(shí)性和偶然性。①----Thetelephoneisringing.----I_____answerit.willB.amgoingtoC.amtoD.amaboutto②---Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?---I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did2.begoingto可用來表達(dá)某種跡象要發(fā)生的事。而will不能表示Lookattheclouds!It__________rain.isgoingto√√第十七頁，共56頁。173.beto表示(biǎoshì)因約定、方案，職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,或客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。begoingto表示(biǎoshì)主觀的打算或方案。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.第十八頁，共56頁。184．beabouttodo表示“正要干什么…〞，1)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不與表示將來(jiānglái)的時(shí)間狀語連用。2)常與when連用，when此時(shí)意思：就在這時(shí)，是并列連詞.3)構(gòu)成句型：①…beabouttodo…when….②…was/weredoing…when…③beonthepointofdoing…when…④hadjustdonesth…when…e.g.Iwasabouttoleavewhenitrained.第十九頁，共56頁。19導(dǎo)入之五：Whataretheydoingnow?

Theyarehavingaclass.第二十頁，共56頁。20五.現(xiàn)在/過去(guòqù)進(jìn)行時(shí)1．表示(biǎoshì)(現(xiàn)在/過去)說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行而尚未完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)①Idon’treallyworkhere.I’mhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.②Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology___sorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchangebe(am,are,is)+doing√第二十一頁，共56頁。212.表示(biǎoshì)(過去)目前這段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,但說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。She___________(learn)pianounderMr.Smithatpresent.islearning3.與always，constantly(不斷地；時(shí)常地),usually,frequently,allthetime等連用，表示贊成或厭惡的感情(gǎnqíng)色彩。如：Heisalwayshelpingothers.Hewasalwaysthinkingofothers，neverthinkingofhimself.第二十二頁，共56頁。223.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用來表示按方案即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(dòngzuò),多用于位移/終止性動(dòng)詞,如:come,go,arrive,leave,stay,fly,takeoff.I____________(leave)tomorrow._____you_______(stay)heretillnextweek?amleavingArestaying第二十三頁，共56頁。234.“系動(dòng)詞＋介詞或副詞(fùcí)〞,也表示進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義。Thebridgeis/wasunderconstruction.=is/wasbeingconstructed.Theproblemisunderdiscussion.

=isbeingdiscussed第二十四頁，共56頁。24(1)表心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。(2)表存在的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞：have,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto,dependon。(3)瞬間動(dòng)詞：begin/start,allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。(4)感官動(dòng)詞：see,hear,notice,feel摸起來(qǐlái)/感覺起來(qǐlái),smell,sound,taste,look看起來(qǐlái)。【注意(zhùyì)】

一般情況下，下面4類動(dòng)詞無進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：

第二十五頁，共56頁。25七.現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)完成時(shí)(ThepresentPerfectTense)1.結(jié)構(gòu):have(has)+done2.用法:1).現(xiàn)在完成(wánchéng)時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),通常用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.常與表示延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語連用,如:sofar,uptonow,recently,since,for,overtime等．IhavelivedinZhuhaifor3years.第二十六頁，共56頁。26Hehaslivedhere

sincelastsummer.時(shí)間(shíjiān)線現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)過去(guòqù)lived延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在:haslivedlastsummersince…第二十七頁，共56頁。272).表示過去的某一完成或者發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果(jiēguǒ),常用的時(shí)間狀語有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once，twice，manytimes等.We____________(finish)ourlunchalready.______youever______(try)thismethod?

havefinishedHavetried第二十八頁，共56頁。281.---Wherearethetwins?---Ithinkthey

(go)toDafeng.

(be)manychangesinCaoyaninthepast5years.3.Jim

(visit)theparktwicesincelastmonth.4.Sofar,We

(learn)about6hundredEnglishwords.5.She

(notgive)theCDsbacktomeyet.havegonehavebeenhasvisitedhavelearnthasn’tgivenHaveatry第二十九頁，共56頁。29since和for填空(tiánkòng)since+______,用來說明動(dòng)作起始(qǐshǐ)時(shí)間for+_______,用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間。

Ihavelivedhere____atleasttwentyyears.

Ihavelivedhere____Iwasborn.

時(shí)間(shíjiān)點(diǎn)時(shí)間段forsince第三十頁，共56頁。30固定(gùdìng)的特殊句型：1.Itis(hasbeen)+一段時(shí)間+since-clause.2.This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)time+that-clause(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)).3.This(That/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting…+that-clause(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)).Tips:第三十一頁，共56頁。31比較一般過去(guòqù)時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1).一般過去時(shí)只表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)(zhuàngtài),不涉及對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(zhuàngtài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的造成的影響。MyfamilylivedinZhuhai10yearsago.〔現(xiàn)在不在珠海了)MyfamilyhavelivedinZhuhaifor10years.(目前還在珠海)

第三十二頁，共56頁。322).過去時(shí)常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與不確定(quèdìng)的或包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語.I______(study)inZhongshanuniversityin2000.I___________(study)inZhongshanuniversitysince2000.I_____just_______(buy)anapartment.(just表示不確定(quèdìng)的時(shí)間狀語〕studiedhavestudiedhavebought第三十三頁，共56頁。33注意(zhùyì)：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(since…;for…)連用。但其否認(rèn)形式那么(nàme)可以。

1)Theyhavemarriedfortenyears.2)Ihavereceivedhisletteramonthago.

3)Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforamonth.FFThavebeenmarriedTheygotmarriedtenyearsago.第三十四頁，共56頁。34我已收到他的信一個(gè)月了。Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.()請改用三個(gè)正確(zhèngquè)的表達(dá)法:3._____________________________________×Ihavekepthisletterforamonth.ItisamonthsinceIreceivedhisletter.Ireceivedhisletteramonthago.第三十五頁，共56頁。35八.過去(guòqù)完成時(shí)

(ThepastperfectTense)結(jié)構(gòu):had+done概念：表示過去(guòqù)的過去(guòqù)

----|--------------|---------|---->過去(guòqù)的過去(guòqù)過去(guòqù)現(xiàn)在將來

第三十六頁，共56頁。36Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearnt20units.現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)過去(guòqù)過去(guòqù)的過去(guòqù)theendoflasttermhadlearnt時(shí)間線用法1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。句中常用bytheend,bythetime,by，before，until，when等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。如：第三十七頁，共56頁。37IhadhopedtoseemoreofShangHai.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthemoment.Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.

2.表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算、意圖、承諾(chéngnuò)等。意為“本來打算〞，“本來想〞。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected(＋that…/todo)或用上述動(dòng)詞的過去式接不定式完成式表示，即：hoped/planned…＋to(havedone)。第三十八頁，共56頁。383、常用于以下句型中：1)Hardly/Nosooner…(過去完成時(shí))when/than…〔一般(yībān)過去時(shí)〕。2)It/This/Thatwasthetimethat…(從句用過去完成時(shí))。3)Itwas+一段時(shí)間+since(從句用過去完成時(shí))。第三十九頁，共56頁。39Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Hardly/Scarcely_____webeenseatedwhenthebusstarted.had第四十頁，共56頁。401.Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_________________(runaway).2.WhenIcameintotheclassroom,mydearstudents______________(begin)reading.3.Hewalkedinasifhe____________(buy)theschool.(12廣東(guǎngdōng)〕hadrunawayhadbegunhadbought

Haveatry第四十一頁，共56頁。414.I_____totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn’tabletogetaway.

A.hopeB.havehoped C.hadhopedD.hoped

5.Helen_____herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.A.hasleft;comes B.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome

cc第四十二頁，共56頁。42導(dǎo)入之九：

---Howlong

have

you

been

studying

inthisschool?

---Almosttwoandahalfyears.第四十三頁，共56頁。43九、現(xiàn)在完成(wánchéng)進(jìn)行時(shí)主語+has/have+been+doing….表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作〔動(dòng)作未完成(wánchéng)〕，動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Hehasbeenworkinghereforthreeyears.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversitieshasbeenrisingsteadilysince1990.第四十四頁，共56頁。44

---Isn’tithardtodrivedowntowntowork?

---Yes,that’whyI____toworkbytrain.A.havebeengoingB.havegoneC.wasgoingD.willhavegone

√第四十五頁，共56頁。45現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行(jìnxíng)時(shí)的區(qū)別1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):表到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成，或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，也可表示延續(xù)性；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行(jìnxíng)時(shí):往往強(qiáng)調(diào)仍將繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。Ihavewrittenaletter.〔已完成〕Ihavebeenwritingaletter.〔未完成〕過去(guòqù)現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)時(shí)間線havewrittenhavebeenwriting第四十六頁，共56頁。462.有些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)差異不大。Ihavelivedherefortenyears.=Ihavebeenlivingherefortenyears.第四十七頁，共56頁。47解動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)填空題“三步曲〞一看時(shí)間(shíjiān)狀語1.There(be)amatchthisevening.2.Motherneverknewwhat___________(happen)in10years.(have)thisbookfor2weeks.4.Alice(wait)forusintheroomnow.5.Everyyear,manytrees(plant)alongtheriver.willbewouldhappenhavehadiswaitingareplanted第四十八頁，共56頁。48二觀上下文聯(lián)系(liánxì)1.Shecan’tbehere.She(go)toCanada.quiet,please!They(have)alesson.3.---Hi,LinTao.Ididn’tseeyouattheparty.---Oh,I(get)readyfortheexam.4.Don’tcomeheretomorrow.I(have)ameeting.hasgonearehavingwas

gettingwill

have第四十九頁，共56頁。49三找隱含(yǐnhán)條件1.Tom(go)tobedearlybuthisbrotherdoesn’t.2.---Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?---Hesaidthattheearth(travel)aroundthesun.3.Thebridge(be)opentotrafficinafewyears,isn’tit?4.Listen!Jim’sradio(make)aloudnoise.Wouldyoupleasetellhim_________(turn)itdown?goestravelsisgoingtobeismakingtoturn第五十頁，共56頁。50ExercisesIusually____upat6:00,butyesterdayI______upat7:00andtomorrowI_________upat6:30.(get)Listen!Someone____________(knock)atthedoor.I___________(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.Howoften_____Andy_______(surf)theinternet?Hefellasleepwhilehe___________(read)abook.getwillgetgotisknocking

havebeendoessurfwasreading第五十一頁，共56頁。516.I________never_______(hear)ofthatmanbefore.7.Mybrotheroften_________(go)forwalkslastsummer.8.Lilysaidshe__________(put)onthenewdressthenextday.9.______thestory________(happen)inLondonin1949?10.What______hismother______(do)whenheopenedthedoor?haveheardwentwouldputDidhappenwasdoing第五十二頁，共56頁。5211.Ifit______________(notrain)tomorrow,they___________(go)fishing.12.______yourmother________thepianoeverySunday?13.T