文論斯特勞斯

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???ClaudeLevi-Strauss

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???LifeStructuralism

AFrenchanthropologist,ethnologist,structuralistadecisiveinfluenceonthehumanitiesinthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury1908-2009StructuralapproachtomythConclusion

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???Life:ClaudeLevi-StraussborninBrussels(布魯塞爾，比利時(shí))1908grewupinFrancefather:Frenchpaintermother:hasJewishancestrynamedaftertheartistClaudeLorrain

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???studiedlawandphilosophyatSorbonne(巴黎大學(xué)文學(xué)院)gotbacheloroflaws,laterin1931hegaveuplearninglaw,focusingonphilosophy(psychoanalysisandMarxism)PlantobeahighschoolteacherTurningpoint:wasofferedtobecomeamemberoftheuniversitymissioninBrazilasaprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofS?oPaulo(巴西圣保羅大學(xué))PPT???????

???1935-1939:doethnography(人種學(xué))workinBrazilwithhiswife,aprofessorofethnologyconductedresearchforaysintotheMatoGrosso(印第安部落)andtheAmazonRainforestThisexperiencecementedhimprofessionalidentityasananthropologist.PPT???????

???Turningpoint2：wasstrippedofFrenchcitizenshipafterFrenchcapitulation(1940法國(guó)投降)forhisJewishancestryduringWWII.Escape1941wasofferedapositionattheNewSchoolforsocialresearchinNewYork.relationshipwithJacobson(結(jié)構(gòu)主義語(yǔ)言學(xué)家)helpedshapehistheoreticaloutlookofstructuralism

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???in1948,returnedtoParisandreceivedhisdoctoratefromtheSorbonne.anhonoraryProfessorattheCollègedeFrance(法蘭西公學(xué)院thehighestinFrenchhighereducation)

Interests:Anthropologykinshipmythologysociety

TheElementaryStructuresofKinship（親屬關(guān)系的基本結(jié)構(gòu)）TristesTropiques

（憂(yōu)郁的熱帶）TheSavageMind（野性的思維）

Mythology神話(huà)學(xué)StructuralAnthropology結(jié)構(gòu)人類(lèi)學(xué)PPT???????

???StructuralismLinguistic：Saussure（languageisaself-containedsystemofsigns）Chomsky(deepstructure)Claude:culturescanbeviewedassystemsofsignsandanalyzedintermsofthestructuralrelationsamongtheirelements.Literature:analyzethesystematicfeaturesandfunctionsofnarratives,tofindafinitesetofrulestoaccountfortheinfinitesetofrealandpossiblenarratives.

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???Purpose:discoveruniversalpatterns/truthabouthumanmindMethod:examtherelationsandfunctionsofthesmallestconstituentelementsofasystemKeywords:binaryoppositions:female/maleprivate/publicwholenessinterrelationshippattern/rulePPT???????

???StructuralApproachtoMyth“Myth,liketherestoflanguage,ismadeupofconstituentunits.”Theseconstituentunits,ormythemes（神話(huà)素）isarelation,andthemeaningofamythistobefoundin"bundlesofsuchrelations.“Method:(1)classifymythemesandthenassignsthemnumbers;(2)arrangethosemythemesonachartbasedonbinaryopposition;(3)pointoutdeepstructureofmyth,revealingitsessenceandmeaning.

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???Paradox:fantasticandunpredictable,thecontentofmytharearbitrary;mythofdifferentculturesaresimilar.Universallawgovernthemythicalthoughtandresolvethisparadox,producingsimilarlawindifferentcultures.

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???AmythconsistofElementsthatopposeorcontradicteachotherOtherelementsthatmediateorresolvethoseoppositions.StructureofmythsupporthisbasictheoryofhumanthoughtUniversallawsgovernallareasofhumanthought.PPT???????

???ConclusionClaudeLevi-Straussneverplanedtobeananthropologistorstructuralist.Butlifeisjustaboxofchocolate,youwillneverknownwhatyou’regonnaget.Byfollowinghisinterest,hegraspedopportunitieslifeprovidedforhimandmadegreateffortstoachieveprofessionalsuccess.ToClaude,thereisauniversallawgovernallareasofhumanthoughtsandculturescanbeviewedassystemsofsigns.Myth

1.It'smadeofunitsthatarep