高中英語中譯英練習(xí)(五種基本句型)附答案

基本句型漢譯英練習(xí)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（一）說明：此結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+謂語+賓語夠成。其中的謂語動(dòng)詞須是及物的動(dòng)詞或及物的動(dòng)詞詞組。賓語須是名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的成分。翻譯練習(xí)：昨晚我寫了一封信。今天下午我想同你談?wù)?。這本書他讀過多次了。他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。那位先生能流利地說三種語言。我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。Jim還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。我們大家都相信Jack是一個(gè)誠實(shí)男孩。他不知道說什麼好。他每天早晨洗冷水澡。我開窗戶你在意嗎？參考答案：1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.6.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.7.IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.8.Jimcannotdresshimself.9.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.10.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.11.Hetakesacoldbatheverymorning.12.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（二）說明：此結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞常常是動(dòng)詞詞組,分兩種情況:1.及物動(dòng)詞+副詞，2.不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞。1.含有away,out,forward,up等副詞的動(dòng)詞詞組是可拆分的。如，Theycarriedouttheplansuccessfully.我們還可以說，Theycarriedtheplanoutsuccessfully.但我們只能說Astheplanwaspractical,theycarrieditoutsuccessfully.動(dòng)副詞組都可以這樣用，如，pointout（指出）,carryout（執(zhí)行）,putforward（提出）,workout（做出，算出）,findout（找出）,giveup（放棄）,giveaway（贈(zèng)送，分發(fā)）,pickup（揀起）,putup（掛上）,等。2.而含有介詞at,for,from,into,of,with,to等的動(dòng)介詞組是不可拆分的。如，lookafter（照顧）,lookat（瞧）,lookfor（尋找）,belongto（屬于）,referto（參考，提及）,thinkof（考慮，評(píng)價(jià)）,sendfor（派人去請(qǐng)）,carefor（喜歡）,sufferfrom（受…之苦）,dealwith(對(duì)付，應(yīng)付),objectto（反對(duì)）,payfor（付…的錢）,等。即我們只能說thinkofit,不能說thinkitof.in在動(dòng)詞詞組中用作副詞，表示“在里面”，“往里進(jìn)”，“在家”等意思。如，getin(收割),handin（提交，交進(jìn)）。用作介詞，表示“在…地點(diǎn)”，“在…范圍”，“在…方面”。如，persistin(堅(jiān)持)，succeedThenursewilltakegoodcareofyourfather.Youcandependon（介）himinyourwork.Boilingwatergivesoff（副）steam.Afterwritingacomposition,wemustgoover（介）it.Takeoffyourcoatandputiton（副）beforeyouleave.Peoplewillfindherout（副）.Wemustsendfor（介）adoctor.基本句型漢譯英練習(xí)雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)說明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由主語+及物謂語動(dòng)詞+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（事物）組成。如，Hebringsmecookieseveryday.Shemademeabeautifuldress.但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for,如，Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。用for側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。翻譯練習(xí)：1.Johnson先生去年教我們德語。2.奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。3.Mary把錢包交給校長了。4.請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？5.他把車票給列車員看。6.這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。7.我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。8.RobinsonCrusoe給自己做了一只小船。9.請(qǐng)你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？10.我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？11.新式機(jī)器將會(huì)為你節(jié)省許多勞動(dòng)。參考答案：MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat.Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?ShallIcallyouataxi?Thenewmachinewillsaveyoualotoflabour.基本句型漢譯英練習(xí)復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)說明:此結(jié)構(gòu)由主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語有邏輯的主謂關(guān)系，若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不完整?？梢杂米鲑e補(bǔ)的有，名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞。如，Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.用it做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面，是英語常用句型。即主語+謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語。如，Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.翻譯練習(xí)我們叫她Alice.他的父母給他取名為John.我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實(shí)的。他們把門推開了。他們把小偷釋放了。我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。他請(qǐng)我們參加做游戲。我要你把真相告訴我。衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。明天我要找人來修理機(jī)器。每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。痛苦使得他叫喊起來。我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。我要請(qǐng)人把我的錄音機(jī)修理一下。那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了她正在聽人家講故事。男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。我從來沒看見這個(gè)字這樣用過。他感到很難跟你交談。我想乘船去那里更舒服些。我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。我認(rèn)為與那個(gè)人談話是無益的。參考答案WecallherAlice.HisparentsnamedhimJohn.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.Theypushedthedooropen.Theyhavesetthethieffree.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.Heaskedustojoininthegame.Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.TomorrowI’llhavesomeonerepairthemachine.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.Thepainmadehimcryout.Wewon’tlethergooutatnight.Hehashishaircutonceamonth.I’llgetmyrecordermended.Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.Theboyswerewatchingthesoldiersdrilling.Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore.Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.Ithinkitmorecomfortabletogotherebyship.Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.Ithoughtitnousetalkingwiththatman.基本句型漢譯英練習(xí)Therebe句型說明：此句型是由there+be+主語+狀語構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在有，一種無主語的有。它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞be之后，there僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實(shí)際語。Be與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如，現(xiàn)在有thereis/are…過去有therewas/were…將來有therewillbe…/thereis/aregoingtobe...現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有therehas/havebeen…可能有theremightbe...肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...過去一直有thereusedtobe…似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive,等。翻譯練習(xí)：今晚沒有會(huì)。這個(gè)村子過去只有一口井。這個(gè)學(xué)校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師?？腿水?dāng)中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。天氣預(yù)報(bào)說下午有大風(fēng)。燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的。恰好那時(shí)房里沒人。從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老漁夫。公共汽車來了。就只剩下二十八美元了。在這個(gè)山洞前面長著一棵高大的松樹。鈴響了。二月份有二十八天。參考答案：Thereisn’tgoingtobeameetingtonight.Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.Thereis(are)ateacherofmusicandateacherofartintheschool.AmongthegueststhereweretwoAmericansandtwoFrenchmen.Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.Thelightison.Theremustbesomeoneiontheoffice.Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.Therecomesthebus.Thereremainedjusttwenty-eightdollars.Infrontofthecave,therestands(grows)atallpinetree.Theregoesthebell.Therearetwenty-eightdaysinFebruary.Oh...Look,Itoldyouhewashere.Lookathim!Quiet.Lookathim.Goodmorning,sleepyhead.Goodmorning!Weloveyourkitty!Oh...Myhead...Here,Ifetchedapailofwater.Thanks.Uhh!Aahh!Oh...Acutebuttonnose?Thick,wavylocks?Taut,roundbuttocks?I'm...I'm...Gorgeous!I'llsay.I'mJill.What'syourname?Um...Shrek.Shrek?Wow.AreyoufromEurope?You'retense.Iwanttorubhisshoulders.Igotitcovered.Idon'thaveanythingtorub.Getinline.Getinline.Haveyouseenmydonkey?Whoareyoucallingdonkey?Donkey?You'rea...Astallion,baby!Icanwhinny.Icancount.Lookatme,Shrek!I'mtrotting!That'ssomequalitypotion.What'sinthatstuff?"Oh,don'ttakethepotion,Mr.Boss,it'sverybad."Pah!"Warning:Sideeffectsmayincludeburning,itching,oozing,weeping."Notintendedforheartpatientsorthosewith...nervousdisorders."I'mtrotting,I'mtrottinginplace!Yeah!What?Senor?"Tomaketheeffectsofthispotionpermanent,thedrinkermustobtainhistruelove'skissbymidnight."Midnight?Whyisitalwaysmidnight?Pickme!I'llbeyourtruelove!I'llbeyourtruelove.I'llbetrue...enough.Look,ladies,Ialreadyhaveatruelove.Oh...Andtakeitfromme,Boss.YouaregoingtohaveonesatisfiedPrincess.Andlet'sfaceit.Youarealoteasierontheeyes.Insideyou'rethesameoldmean,salty...Easy....cantankerous,foul,angryogreyoualwaysbeen.Andyou'restillthesameannoyingdonkey.Yeah.Well...Lookout,Princess.Herecomesthenewme.Firstthingsfirst.Weneedtogetyououtofthoseclothes.Ready?Ready!Driver,stop!Oh,God!Helpme,please!Myracingdaysareover!I'mblind!Tellthetruth.WillIeverplaytheviolinagain?Youpoorcreature!IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?Well,Iguessthereisonething.Takeoffthepowderedwigandstepawayfromyourdrawers.Notbad.Notbadatall.Father?Iseverythingallright,Father?Thankyou,gentlemen!Someday,Iwillrepayyou.Unless,ofcourse,Ican'tfindyouorifIforget.IIfsomeoneasksyouhowyoucanmakeyoualways1.________happy,youwillperhapsfindratherdifficulttogivehim2.________aproperanswer.Didyouremembertheoldsaying“No3.________humanbeingcanreallyhappywhoisnotgivingortrying4.________togivehappinesstoothers”?Ifyouwillalwaysthinkof5.________takingmorefromothersandgivethemless,youwon’tbe6.________abletohavehappinessinyourlifeevenyouareveryrich.7.________Here’sanarticleforyou.Ifeachofyoufollowit,there8.________willbeanendtomanyunhappydaysofyours.Soyoushould9.________learntogiveupyourowninterestswhennecessarilytodoso.10.________IIWhenmyfatherboughtmeacomputerasabirthdaygiftfor1.________meinlastyear,Ifeltveryexited.Asweallknow,computers2.________aregettingmoreandmoreusefullynow.Muchinformationcan3.________bestoredinthem.Wecanalsolearnthathaslatelyhappened4.________intheworldontheInternet.Inthepast,peoplehadtodolotsof5.________workwhichwasverydangerous.No