2023年MBA考試英語閱讀理解真題及答案

20２3年MＢＡ考試英語閱讀理解真題及答案閱讀理解是英語旳題型之一,為協(xié)助考生們備考復習,如下是搜索整頓旳一份ＭBA理解專題練習題,供參照練習，但愿對大家有所協(xié)助!想理解更多有關信息請持續(xù)關注我們！Tｅxt1Ｉfｓｕｓtａinaｂlecomｐetitｉveadvantaｇedependsｏnworkfoｒcｅｓkilｌs,Americaｎｆirｍsｈaveaprｏbｌem.Humａｎ-rｅsoｕｒｃeｍａｎagementiｓnotｔraditionallyseenascenｔｒalｔoｔhｅcompeｔiｔiｖesurviｖaｌoｆthefirmiｎthｅUnｉtedＳtateｓ.Skｉllａcｑｕiｓiｔioniｓcｏnsｉdeｒｅｄanindividualresｐoｎｓｉbility.Labouriｓsiｍplｙanothｅｒfａctｏｒofprｏｄucｔiｏntｏbeｈiｒｅｄ—rｅnteｄaｔtｈeloｗeｓtpｏｓsibｌｅcost—muchasｏｎeｂuｙsｒawmateriaｌsoreｑuipmenｔ.Thｅｌacｋｏｆimporｔａｎceattａcｈedtohｕmａn-reｓourcemａnａgementcanbｅｓｅeｎiｎthecorporａｔehierａｒchy．InａｎAmeriｃanｆirmthechieffｉnａncialofｆiｃerｉsaｌmosｔalｗａyｓｓecｏｎdiｎｃoｍmaｎd．Thepｏsｔofheadofhｕman-rｅsoｕrcemanａgｅmentisusuallyａｓpeｃｉaliｚedjｏｂ,ｏffatｔheｅdgeofthｅcoｒporａt(yī)ehiｅrarchｙ.ＴheeｘeｃutivewhｏholdsitisneｖerconsulｔeｄoｎmａjｏｒsｔratｅgiｃdecisionsaｎｄｈasnochancetomｏvｅｕptoCｈieｆExeｃｕｔiｖeOfficｅr(CEO)．Bywayofcoｎtraｓt，inJａpaｎtheheadofｈｕman-ｒｅsｏuｒｃｅmanａｇｅmentiscentraｌ—usuａｌｌytｈesecoｎdmｏsｔimportantexeｃuｔive,ａftertheＣEO,iｎthｅfiｒｍ'sｈierａrchy.ＷhiｌeAmeriｃanｆirmｓｏfｔenｔalｋabouｔtheｖastamountsspentonｔrａiningｔheｉrworｋｆoｒｃe,ｉnfacttheyｉnvｅｓtｌｅssintheskｉlｌsoftｈeirempｌoyeesthandoeitherJapａneseorGermａnfirms．Themonｅytｈeydｏiｎvestisａlｓomｏrehigｈlｙcｏncentratｅｄonpｒoｆesｓionalａndmanａgｅriａlemｐlｏyees.Andtheｌimiteｄinvestmentｓtｈatａremadｅｉntrainiｎgｗorkersaｒeaｌsomuｃhｍｏrenarｒowｌｙfoｃuｓｅdｏnthｅsｐeciｆicskilｌsnｅcｅｓsaryｔoｄｏtｈenｅｘtjobraｔheｒthａnoｎthebasｉcbackgｒounｄｓｋilｌsthatｍａkeitpｏssibleｔoabsｏrbnｅwtechnoloｇies.Asaresｕlt,prｏblemseｍergｅwｈenｎeｗbreaｋthｒｏｕghtechｎologiesarrｉve.IfAｍｅｒiｃanworkｅrｓ,foｒｅxamｐｌｅ,taｋeｍｕchlonｇｅrtolearnhowtooperａt(yī)eneｗｆlexｉbｌeｍａnufａctuｒingｓtationsthａnｗoｒkeｒｓonGermanｙ(ａsｔｈeｙｄo),theｅｆｆeｃtiveｃosｔofthosｅstａt(yī)ｉｏnｓiｓlowerinGermａnｙthaｎitisinthｅＵnitｅｄSｔａt(yī)es.Morｅｔimｅisrｅquiredbefｏｒeequipｍentiｓuｐaｎdruｎniｎgatｃapacity,anｄｔhｅneedfoｒextensiveretraｉｎiｎｇgｅｎeratescostsａndcrｅaｔesboｔtｌeneckstｈatｌiｍittｈespeedwｉthwhichｎewequiｐmentcanbeemｐｌoyed.Theresｕlｔｉsaslowerpaceｏftechnologｉｃalcｈange,Anｄiｎtheｅndtheｓｋillsoｆtheｂｏｔｔomｈalfofthｅpopｕlationaffｅcttheｗａｇesofｔhetophalf.Iftheboｔｔｏmｈalfｃaｎ'tefｆectiｖelｙｓtaffｔheprocesｓeｓtｈathavetobｅｏpｅraｔｅd,theｍａnagementaｎｄproｆｅssiｏｎalｊobsthａt(yī)gowithｔhｅｓeprｏcesｓeｓwｉlldｉsappeaｒ.1.WｈicｈofｔｈefｏlｌowinｇappｌiｅｓｔotｈeｍanageｍｅnｔofｈumａnrｅsouｒｃｅｓinＡmerｉｃancompａｎｉes?Ａ．Ｔhｅyhｉｒeｐeopleatthelowestcoｓtregardlｅsｓoｆthｅiｒskiｌｌs.B.Tｈeｙseｅtheｇainiｎgofｓｋillsasthｅiｒeｍｐloｙees＇ｏｗnbｕｓｉｎesｓ.C.Ｔheyaｔtａchmoreimpｏｒtａncetowｏｒkersthａntoｅｑuipmeｎt.D．Tｈeｙｏnlyhiｒeｓkilｌｅdworkersbｅcaｕseofkeenｃｏmpｅtiｔion.２．Ｗhatｉｓtheｐosｉｔioｎoftｈeheaｄofhumaｎ-ｒesouｒceｍaｎａｇementinanＡmeｒicaｎfiｒm？A.Heiｓoｎeofthemｏstimportanｔexecuｔivesinｔｈefiｒm.B.Ｈｉｓpｏstisliｋｅlytodisappearwｈenneｗｔecｈnologｉesａreintｒｏduceｄ.C.Hｅisdｉreｃtlｙｕnｄertheｃｈieｆfｉｎanciａlexecｕｔｉve.D.Hｅhａsｎoｓａyinｍaｋingimpｏrtantdecisionｓiｎthｅfirm．3．ＴhｅｍonｅymｏsｔAmｅriｃanｆirmsputinｔｒaininｇmaiｎlyｇoestｏ.A.woｒｋerswhocanoperａｔenｅwequipmeｎtＢ.techｎｏlｏｇicａｌanｄmanageｒiaｌstafｆC.ｗorkersｗholａckbasｉｃbaｃkｇrｏundskillsD.tｏｐｅxｅｃutives4.Accoｒdｉｎgtoｔhepａｓsage,thｅdeｃiｓiｖefａctoriｎmaiｎｔaｉｎiｎgafirm'ｓcompetｉtiveadｖantageis.Ａ.theｉｎｔrｏdｕctionofnｅｗteｃhnolｏgｉesB.ｔheimprｏvementofwｏrkers＇basｉcｓkillｓC.thｅｒａt(yī)ionaｌcompositiｏnofpｒoｆessionａlａndmanaｇｅriaｌｅmpｌoyeesD.theattａcｈmentofiｍpoｒtaｎcetothebottｏmｈaｆtofｔhｅempｌoｙeｅs5.Ｗhatiｓthemainidｅaｏfthepassａge?Ａ.AmericanfirmsarediffereｎｔｆromＪaｐａｎeseandGermａnｆｉrmsinhｕmａn-resｏｕｒcemanagement．B.Eｘtｅnｓiveretraｉningisindiｓpensａbletoｅffeｃtiveｈuman-resouｒcｅmanａgemｅｎt.C.Thehｅadoｆｈumaｎ-resｏurｃemanａgeｍeｎtmusｔｂeintheceｎtrａlposｉtioninａｆirm＇ｓhierarchy.D．Thｅｈumａn-resourcemanａｇemｅｎtstｒａt(yī)egiｅsofAmｅricanｆirmsaｆｆeｃｔｔｈeirｃoｍpeｔiｔiｖeｃapaｃitｙ.參照答案:BDBBＤTeｘt２"WｅｌｃometoｔｈｅＵ．S.Ａ．IＭａｊｏrCreｄitcardｓａcceｐted!"Ｂythemｉllionｓtｈeyarecominｇ—noloｎgerthetirｅd，ｔhｅpoor,thewrｅtchedmassｅslongingｆoｒａbｅtterlivｉng．Theseareｔhewｅalthy．"Wedｏn'ｔhaveabudget，＂ｓaysａbiolｏgistｆromＢrａzil,asｓhewalkｓwitｈtwｏcompaｎｉonsthrｏｕghNewＹorkＣｉty'sSouｔhStreet."Wejｕsｔuseｏuｒcrｅditｃards."ThｅU．Ｓ.hasｌonｇbeeｎoneoｆthｅwｏrｌd'smosｔpｏpulartouｒistdestinａt(yī)iｏns,bｕtthisyearhasbeenexceptional.ＦirstｔherewasｔｈeWorldCuｐ，whichdrｅwthousaｎdｓｆroｍevｅrycoｒneｒofthｅgｌobe；tｈenｃａmｅtheｗｅakeningoｆtheU．S.dollaragaiｎｓtmajoｒcuｒrencies.NowtheU.S.,stｉllthewoｒld＇ssｕperｐower,cａnalsｏｃlaimｔobetｈｅｗorlｄ'sbargainｂaｓemｅnt（廉價商品部)．ＮoｂｏｄｙunderｓellsAmericａt(yī)ｈｅｓeｄａysoｎjustaboutｅverytｈiｎg，ｆｒomcｏnsumereｌecｔrｏnicstofashioncloｔhestｏtｅnｎiｓｒackｅts.Ｂｏttomreｔaｉlprices—ａnywherefｒom３0%ｔo7０%lowerｔｈanｔhoseinEurｏpeａndAｓiａ—haveatｔracteｄsome47mｉllｉoｎvisitoｒs，wｈoaｒeexpeｃｔedtoleavebｅhiｎd＄７9bｉllioniｎ19９４.Thａt(yī)'supfｒｏm$74bｉllｉoｎtheｙearbefｏrｅ．Ｔrue，nｏteverｙｏnｅｃomｅｓjustfｏｒbargaiｎs．TｈeｒｅrｅmａinsanｕndeniaｂlefasciｎatｉoｎiｎtｈｅrestoｆtheworldwｉthallthingｓAmeｒican,ｎourishedbyHollyｗoodfilｍsａndU.S.tｅlevisionseries.ButshoｐｐiｎgtｈeU.S.A.iｓprｏviｎgirrｅsｉstiblｅ．Evｅrｙweｅｋthouｓandsarｒiｖewｉｔhemptyｓuｉtｃaｓesreadytobｅfilled;ｓｏmeｅvenrenｔａnadditｉonalhoteｌroomｔoｈoldtheiｒpurchａｓes．Theｂｕyiｎgbｉnge(無節(jié)制)hasbecoｍeasｉｍpoｒtantａｓｗatcｈingOｌdFaitｈfulFoｕntainserｕptiｎYeｌlowｓtｏnePaｒkoｒsunbａｔhｉngonabeaｃｈinFｌｏｒidａ.TheU.S.haｓcomeatlasttoａppｒecｉａt(yī)ewhatotｈercouｎｔｒｉeslｅaｒnedｌonｇａgo：thepoｕrｉnｇinｏfforeｉｇｎtoｕristsmaynotalwaysbeconvenient,butｉｔdｏｅsputmoneyintheｂank.Andwithａｔradeｄefiｃitatａboｕｔ$1３0biｌlioｎaｎdgｒoｗingfｏrthepast１2moｎths，tｈeU.S.nｅeｄsａlltheｄｅｐoｓitsitcangeｔ.CｏmｐａrｅｄwｉtｈAmｅｒicａｎｔourisｔｓabrｏaｄ，ｖisitorｓtoｔheU.S.ｓｔａｙｌongeｒandｓpeｎdmｏremonｅyateachｓtoｐ;anaveragｅof１2.2nｉgｈｔanｄ$1６2４ａt(yī)raｖelｅrvｅrsusｔhｅＡmericａns'fouｒnｉghtanｄ＄298．1.FromｗhatthｅBｒaziｌianbiolｏｇｉｓtsays,weｋnowthattourｉstsｌikehｅr.A.ａrerｅluｃｔanttｏcarrycasｈwｉｔｈtheｍB.ｓimplydon'ｔcarehoｗmuchtheyspendＣ．a(chǎn)rｅnotgｏodaｔpｌanｎingtheｉreｘpendｉtｕreD.ofｔenspｅndmoreｍoneyｔhantｈeｙcａnａｆforｄ2．Ｔheｒeasonwhｙ1９94wasexceptionalisthat.A．itsawａｎｕnｕｓｕａlｌylarｇｅｎumberofｔourｉstsｔotheU.Ｓ.B.itwitｎessedadｒopinthｅnuｍbｅｒｏｆｔouｒｉsｔsｔotheU.S．C．ｔｏurｉｓmwａｓhaｒdlyaffectedｂytheweａkenｉngoftheＵ.S.ｄｏllaｒthatｙearＤ．toｕriｓtscａmetotheU.S.forsighｔseｅingrａｔheｒｔhanfoｒbaｒｇａｉnsthａｔyear3.Bysaying"nobｏｄyundｅrsｅllｓAmｅｒica＂(Lｉｎｅ4,Para．3）,ｔheaｕｔhormｅａnsthat.A.noothｅrcoｕnｔrｙunderestimatesｔｈｅcompeｔitivenesｓｏfＡｍeriｃanprodｕctｓB．noboｄyeｘpｅctstheAmｅricａnsｔocutｔhepｒｉcesofｔhei