2021-2022學(xué)年河南省重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)考高三(上)調(diào)研英語試卷(二)(附詳解)

2021-2022學(xué)年河南省重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)考高三（上）調(diào)研英語

試卷（二）

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）

A

HOLIDAYFUNATTHEPOWERHOUSE

Joinintheholidayfunatthepowerhousethismonthlinkedtoournew

exhibition,evolution&Revolution：Chinesedress1700stonow.DON'TFORGETourother

specialevent,theClubMedCircusSchoolwhichispartoftheCircus

（馬戲團(tuán)）!150yearsof

circusinAustraliaexhibitionexperience!

●ChineseFolkDancing：ColorfulChinesedanceandmusicalperformancesbyTheChinese

FolkDancingSchoolofSydney.DancesincludeTheGoldenstickdanceandtheChinesedrum

：

dance.AfeaturewillbetheQinDynastyEmperor'scourtdance.Alsoincludedisashowofface

paintingforBeijingOperaperformances.

Sunday29JuneandWednesday2JulyintheTurbineHall,at11：30am&1：30pm.

●AustralianChineseChildren'sArtsTheatre：Well-knownchildren'splayexpertsfrom

Shanghaileadthisdynamicyouthgroup.PerformanceincludeChinesefairytalesandplays.

Thursday3toSunday6JulyintheTurbineHall,at11.30am&1.30pm.

●ChineseYouthLeague：Atraditionalperformingartsgroupfeaturingperformancehighlights

suchastheRedscarfandSpringflowerdances,andamusicianplayingErHu.

Sunday6toTuesday8JulyintheTurbineHall,11：30amto1：30pm.

●KidsActivity：MakeaPaperHorse：Youngchildrenmakeapaperhorsecut-out.（Thehorse

isafrequentthemeinChinesepainting,indicatingakindofadvancement.）Suitableforages

8-12years.

Saturday28JunetoTuesday8JulyintheTurbineHall,12：00pmto1：00pm.

●ClubMedCircusSchool：

Learncircusskills,includingthetrapeze空中飛人）trampolining

（

，

（蹦床）andmagic.Notonlyforchildrenover5.Thereare40placesavailableineach1hour

andthesemustbebookedatthefrontdesk,level4，ontheday.

Tuesday1toSaturday5Julyat11：30am&1：00pm.

EnjoyunlimitedfreevisitsandmanyotherbenefitsbybecomingaFamilymemberofthe

第1頁，共23頁

Powerhouse.Ourfamilymembershipcoverstwoadultsandallchildrenundertheageof16

yearsattheoneaddress.

MembersreceivePowerline,ourmonthlymagazine,discountsintheshopsandthe

restaurants,aswellasfreeadmissiontotheMuseum.Allthisforaslittleas＄50，000a

year!Call（02）92170600formoredetails.

1.

WhencanyouwatchtheChinesedrumdance？______

A.OnJuly2.

2.

B.OnJuly3.

C.OnJuly6.

D.OnJuly8.

Tolearnthemagictricks,youcangoto______.

A.KidsActivity

C.Children'sArtsTheatre

3.

B.ChineseYouthLeague

D.ClubMedCircusSchool

WhatisrequiredifyouwanttoenjoyfreevisitstotheMuseum？______

A.Calling（02）92170600.

B.Gainingfamilymembership.

C.Comingfortheholidayfun.

D.PayingPowerline＄50，000ayear.

B

ProfessorHeinzWolff,whohasdiedaged89wasabioengineeringpioneer.Heestablishedthe

，

discipline,nameditand,ina60-yearcareer,madesignificantcontributionstomedical

research.ButtotheBritishpublic,hewasbestknownasthe"dottyscientist"whofrontedThe

GreatEggRace,aBBCshowinwhichcolour-codedteamsweresetengineeringchallengesthe

（

firstwastotransportanegginavehiclepoweredbyrubberbands）.Withhistrademarkbow

tie,half-moonglassesandMittel-Europeanaccent,helookedreallylikeProfessor

Branestawn,asdescribedbyW.HeathRobinson.Yetwhilehecheerfullyexploitedhis

reputationasan"oddegghead"，hewasveryseriousabouthisworkandinspiredthousandsof

youngpeopletoconsiderscientificcareers.

BorninBerlinin1928，HeinzWolffwasthesonofJewishparents.Hismotherdiedin1938，

andthenextyearthefamilyfled.TheyarrivedinBritainonthedaywarwasdeclared."We

reallycutitratherfine，hesaidonDesertIslandDiscsin1998.Afterleavingschool,heworked

"

asatechnicianattheRadcliffeInfirmaryinOxford,whereheinventedamachinetocountred

bloodcells,andthenattheNationalInstituteforMedicalResearch'spneumoconiosis（塵肺）

researchunitinCardiff,wherehedesignedameansofmeasuringdustlevelsincoalminers.He

wentontostudyatUniversityCollegeLondonandgraduatedwithafirstinphysicsand

第2頁，共23頁

physiology.Then,in1983，hefoundedtheInstituteforBioengineeringatBrunelUniversity.His

particularinterestwasintechnologiestoimprovethelivesofolderpeople,buthewasalso

heavilyinvolvedinspaceresearchandworkedasanadvisertotheEuropeanSpaceAgency.

WolffhadmadehisfirstappearanceonTVonPanoramain1966，encouragingRichard

Dimblebytoswallowa"radiopill".OnTheGreatEggRace,whichranfrom1979histaskwas

，

togetopponentteamsrepresentingorganizationssuchasthechemicalcompany

ICI.Challengesincludedbuildingahovercraft（氣墊船）fromalawnmower（割草機(jī)），

andinventingabicyclethatcouldrideonwater.Markswereawardedforentertainmentvalue

andtechnicalaccomplishment.Theshowendedinthemid-1980s,butWolffcontinuedtojudge

scientificcompetitions,onTVandelsewhere.Anaturalentertainerwithaninexhaustible

curiosityabouttheworld,hesaidhe'dbehappytodressupasaclownifitgotchildren

interestedinscience.

4.

Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence"Wereallycutitratherfine"inparagraph2mean？

______

A.WefledfromGermanyintime.

B.Wesettleddownatthecostofpunishment.

C.WeledacomfortablelifeinBritain.

D.Wedidn'thavemuchtimeforthedeclaration.

5.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofHeinzWolffaccordingtothepassage？

______

A.Heusedtomajorinphysicsandphysiology.

B.HisfamilyleftBerlinafterWorldWarⅡbegan.

C.HeinventedamachinewhileinUniversityCollegeLondon.

D.Hisinterestlayinhelpingthoselivinginwar-strickenareas.

6.

HeinzWolffdidn'tmindlookingridiculousaslongas______.

A.hecouldkeepbeingcuriousabouttheworld

B.hecouldcombineentertainmentandtechnology

C.hecouldhelparousechildren'sinterestinscience

D.hecouldappearonTVtojudgescientificcompetitions

7.

WhichofthefollowingcanbestHeinzWolff？______

A.Aggressive.

B.Passionate.

C

C.Optimistic.

D.Pioneering.

第3頁，共23頁

Americahaslongbeenopposingadequatepovertypoliciesbecauseofitsstrongworryof

thinkingthatthepoorareresponsiblefortheirownsituations,butachildpovertyistooharmful

andpunishingtoignore.I，andagrowingnumberofscholars,believethereisasolution：the

governmentshouldgivemonthlycashallowances

（津貼），withoutconditions,toeveryfamily

withkids.（Higher-incomefamilieswouldhavemuchofthemoneytaxedaway.）

Amountainofevidencenowshowsthatpovertycanleadtocognitive

（認(rèn)知的）andemotional

damageinchildren.Despitepoliciesthathaveexpandedaccesstoinsurance,poorkidsarestill

lesshealthythantherestoftheyoungpopulation.Theyalsodropoutofschoolathigher

rates,earnlessmoneyovertimeandareincarcerated

（監(jiān)禁）farmoreoftenthantheirbetter-off

peers.Thatshouldbeenoughforustorecognizethemoraltragedythatischildpoverty,butwe

shouldnotethebroadeffecttoo：reliableanalysesshowthatthenation'sGDPisupto＄1

trillionlowerbecauseofchildpoverty.

Poorchildrenhavemanyneeds,butresearchshowsthatmoneymaymattermost.Forexample,a

2013reviewofdozensofstudiesbyLondonSchoolofEconomicsresearchersfoundthat

"Poorerchildrenhaveworsecognitive,social-behavioralandhealthoutcomesinpartbecause

theyarepoorer,andnotjustbecausepovertyisrelatedtootherhouseholdandparental

characteristics".

Itcanalsohelpreducefamilystressandhelpparentsprovideapsychologicallyraising

environmentinwhichlearningandsocialdevelopmentcanbreed.

ThehistorianMichaelKatzcorrectlynotes,"Oneoftheoddaspectsofthehistoryofwriting

aboutpovertyistheavoidanceofthesimpleviewthatpeoplearepoorbecausetheylack

money,"yetboththeleftandtherightdefamed（誹謗）directcashaidasawasteandacause

oflazinessandabuse.ItisgoodthatDemocraticpresidentialcandidateAndrewYanghas

stressedthebenefitsofauniversalbasicincome,quotingstudiesthatshowsuchcash

allowancesdonotcausetheavoidanceofwork,buthisplancouldcost＄2.8trillionayearand

thepoorwouldhavetoreturnwelfareassistancelikefoodstampstoreceivethemoney.Forfar

lessmoney—about＄100billion—thenumberofchildrenlivinginofficialpovertycouldbe

cutinhalf.Suchapolicywouldbeahumane

（人道的），practical,efficientvictoryforanation

toowillingtoneglectitspoor.

8.

Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthebestapproachtodeclarewaronpoverty？______

A.Bigtaxreduction.

B.Unconditionalcashaid.

第4頁，共23頁

C.Reemploymentproject.

D.Shiftingattitudeamongpeople.

9.

Whyischildpovertydescribedasa"moraltragedy"inparagraph2？______

A.Thereisacausalimpactofchildhoodpovertyonacountry'sGDPperformance.

B.Itforcesaburdenonthefamilyandpreventsapositivefamilyenvironment.

C.Childrenbroughtupinpovertyarelikelytosufferfromdisordersinbrain.

D.Mostpoorchildrenachievelessandexhibitmoreproblembehaviorslater.

10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？______

A.AndrewYangishighlythoughtofforthe＄2.8billionplanforthepoor.

B.MuchimportancehasbeenplacedonchildpovertyacrosstheAmerica.

C.Politiciansareafraidthatgovernmentreliefwilldecreaselabormotivation.

D.Thetraditionalwisdomholdspeoplehavethemselvestoblameforpoverty.

11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？______

A.Thehistoricalsufferingofthepoor.

B.Pushforthepoortosavethemselves.

C.Anappealforchildpovertyapproach.

D.Apositivenewdealtohelppoorchildren.

D

Forsomethingthatweighsonlyaboutthreepounds,thehumanbrainhasalotof

responsibility.Deepwithinallthosegrayfoldsandcreases（褶皺）arethecontrolsfor

everythingyoudo.

Morethanacenturyago,scientistsfirstmappedthebrainastheyworkedtodevelopan

understandingofeachparticularregion.Earlyon,themapsweresimpleWhichpartofthebrain

：

controlledspeech？Whichcontrolledhearing？Havingadetailed,accurateguideensuresthat

studiesareusingthesamepointsofreferenceandmakesformoreefficient,accurate

investigations.

Now,however,thingsaremuchmoreintricate.Researchershavejustreleasedanincrediblenew

mapofthebrain,revealingnearly100newareasthatwerepreviouslyundiscoveredor

forgotten.ManyexpertsarecallingthisamilestoneinneuroscienceaccordingtotheNewYork

Times.ThenewmaphasbeenpublishedinthejournalNature.

ThenewmapdrawsondatacollectedbytheHumanConnectomeProject,whichstudied，200

1

peopleusinghigh-poweredMRIscannerstounderstandhowbraincircuitry（大腦神經(jīng)元回

第5頁，共23頁

路）works.Forthestudy,theparticipants'brainswererecordedwhiletheylaidinthe

scanner,whiletheydidvariousmathproblemsandmemorytests,andwhiletheylistenedto

stories.Researchersdrewboundariesbasedonwheretheseandprevioustestsseemedto

match.Theyalsolookedatanatomical（解剖的）differences,measuring,forexample,the

amountofmyelin（髓磷脂）—afattysubstancethatsurroundssomeneurons—indifferent

areasofthebrain.

"Wehave112differenttypesofinformationwecantapinto,"studyco-authorDavidVan

EssenofWashingtonUniversityMedicalSchooltoldtheNewYorkTimes.

Withallthosevariables

（變量）inhand,researcherseventuallycreatedamapthatincluded83

alreadyfamiliarareasofthebrain,plusanadditional97regionsthatwereeitherpreviously

undiscovered,orsomehowforgottenandlostinscientificliteraturealongtheway.Some

previouslyknownregionsarehowbrokendownintosub-regionswithseparate

responsibilities.Forexample,thedorsolateralprefrontalcortexisalargeareatowardthefrontof

thebrainthat'sactiveduringthought.Thenewmapshowsthatit'smadeupofmanysmaller

areasthatcanbekeyfordifferentkindsofthought,rangingfrommakingdecisionstolying.

Whileexpertsarepraisingthenewmap,it'sfarfromcomplete,saytheresearcherswhocreated

it.

"We'rethinkingofthisasversion1.0"，saysleadauthorMatthewGlasser,aneuroscientistat

WashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicine."Thatdoesn'tmeanit'sthefinalversion,butit'sa

farbettermapthantheoneswe'vehadbefore."

12.Inthethirdparagraph,whatdoestheword"intricate"mean？______

A.amazing

B.tricky

C.complicated

D.difficult

13.What'stheresearchers'attitudetonewmapofthebrain？______

A.Theythinkitisthebestversion.

B.Theythinkitisstillincomplete.

C.Theydon'tlikethenewmapofthebrain.

D.Theythinkitisamilestoneinneuroscience.

14.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？______

A.Thenewmapincluded97unfamiliarareasofthebrain.

B.Thenewmapusedpreviousdatatostudythebraincircuitry.

C.Participants'brainsweremonitoredwhentheyweretellingstories.

D.Thedorsolateralprefrontalcortexisasmallareawhichiscrucialforthinking.

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15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？______

A.Theresponsibilityofthebraincircuitry.

B.Mixedopinionsonthenewmapofthebrain.

C.Astudyonanincrediblenewmapofthebrain.

D.Theunderstandingofthefamiliarareasofthebrain.

二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）

Happypeoplehavehabitsyoucanintroduceintoyoureverydaylife.Herearesomeof

them.Theysurroundthemselveswithotherhappypeople.

Joycanspread.ResearchersoftheFraminghamHeartStudywhostudiedthespreadof

happinessover20yearsfoundthatthosewhoaresurroundedbyhappypeoplearemorelikely

tobecomehappyinthefuture.(1)

Theytrytobehappy.

Yes.It'sassimpleasitsounds.(2)AccordingtotwostudiesrecentlypublishedinTheJournal

ofPositivePsychology,thosewhoactivelytriedtofeelhappierinthestudiesreportedthe

highestlevelofpositivemoods（心情），makingacaseforthinkingyourselfhappy.

Theyaremindfulofthegood.

(3)However,happypeoplegiveattentiontotheirsmallervictories,too."Whenwetaketimeto

noticethethingsthatgoright,itmeanswe'regettingalotoflittlerewardsthroughouttheday,"

saysSusanWeinschenk,aPh.D.inPsychology.

Theydevotesomeoftheirtimetogiving.

Eventhoughthereareonly24hoursinaday,positivepeoplefillsomeofthattimedoinggood

forothers,which,inreturn,doessomegoodforthedo-goodersthemselves.Along-termresearch

projectcalledAmericans'ChangingLiresfoundaseriesofbenefitsassociatedwithaltruism

（利他主義）.(4)Peopleofallageswhovolunteeredwerehappierandexperiencedbetter

physicalhealthandlessdepression.

(5)

"Whenyoulisten,youopenupyourabilitytotakeinmoreknowledge,"writesDavid

Mezzapelle,authorofContagiousOptimism.Goodlisteningisaskillthatstrengthens

relationshipsandleadstomoresatisfyingexperiences.Agoodlistenermaywalkawayfroma

conversationfeelingasiftheirpresenceservedapurpose,whichiscloselyconnectedwith

increasedhappiness.

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A.Theymakeapointtolisten.

B.Theysmilewhentheymeanit.

C.Justtryingtobehappycanliftyourspirits.

D.Volunteerworkwasgoodforbothmentalandphysicalhealth.

E.Thisisreasonenoughtospendmoretimewithcheerfulpeople.

F.It'simportanttocelebrategreathardearnedaccomplishments.

G.Happypeopletakethetimetoappreciatetheseeasy-to-come-bypleasures.

16.

A.A

E

B.B

F.F

B.B

F.F

B.B

F.F

B.B

F.F

B.B

F.F

G.G

G.G

G.G

G.G

G.G

C.C

D.D

E.

17.

A.A

E

C.C

D.D

E.

18.

A.A

E

C.C

D.D

E.

19.

A.A

E

C.C

D.D

E.

20.

A.A

E

C.C

D.D

E.

三、完形填空（本大題共20小題，共30.0分）

Leon'slifewaswelldesignedforhim.Hewastodowellin(21)，gotouniversity,getajobin

finance（金融），and(22)thenextfiftyyearsofhislifesittingbehindaslab（厚桌面）of

wood,watchingthestreetsofLondonfromthirtyfloorsabove.Foralongtime,he(23)that

life,untiloneday,he(24)realizedhewaslivingsomeoneelse'slifeagoodone—(25)notone

—

ofhisownchoosing.

Sohewalked(26)thatlife,anddiscoveredtheonethattookhimaroundtheworld.Since

then,Leonhas(27)abroken-downEnglishtaxiacrossAmerica,(28)peoplefreeridesriddena

；

motorbikearoundtheworld,relyingonlyonthekindnessof(29)andfollowedafellowtraveler

；

throughIndiawithouteverknowingwherehewasgoing.Hehasvisitedmorethan90

countries.(30)theway,helearned(31)aboutthehumanspiritandabouttheheartofthis

world.Helearnedthatheneededto(32)hisoldideasaboutwhoheshouldbeinordertofeelhis

soulrisetothesurfaceandbecomethepersonhealways(33)tobe.

第8頁，共23頁

Thewisestwordshe(34)，thegreatest(35)helearned,camefromeverydaypeoplehemeton

and

his(36).Hisexperiencesare(37)acollectionofstories,theyhavebecomeawayoflife-theWay

oftheTraveler.

So,whatistheLive,Love,Explore？It'saboutexploringtheworld-(38)thegreatand

adventurous（冒險的）onewaiting(39)yourdoor,andmoreadventurousone(40)withinyour

soul.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

A.school

B.hospital

C.office

D.downtown

A.enjoy

A.understood

B.spend

B.followed

C.cost

C.learned

C.frequently

D.take

D.wrote

D.finally

A.usually

B.quickly

A.yet

A.closeto

A.borrowed

A.offering

A.strangers

B.and

B.upto

B.bought

B.supplying

C.but

C.outof

D.or

D.downto

D.driven

D.affording

D.travelers

C.got

C.providing

B.teachers

C.students

A.On

A.everything

B.Along

B.something

C.In

C.nothing

C.abandon

D.By

D.anything

A.show

A.wished

A.explained

B.offer

B.planned

D.share

D.turned

C.longed

B.told

B.suggestions

C.said

C.ideas

D.heard

A.lessons

D.news

D.travels

D.morethan

A.trips

A.ratherthan

B.roads

B.otherthan

C.ways

C.lessthan

A.both

A.outside

A.standing

B.each

B.inside

B.waiting

C.all

C.beside

C.sitting

D.any

D.aside

D.staying

四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）

41.3，

000-year-oldEgyptiancityAgroupofarchaeologistshasfoundthe1）

（______large）

（

ancientcityeverdiscoveredinEgypt.

Thecity,（2）______（name）"TheRiseofAten"，wasdiscoveredunderthesandon

thewesternbankofLuxor,anarchaeologistsaidinastatement.ItdatesbacktoKing

第9頁，共23頁

AmenhotepⅢ，3）

（______ruledEgyptbetween1391and1353BCEaccordingto（4）

，

______statement.

Itwasthelargestadministrativeandindustrial（5）______（settle）intheeraofthe

Egyptianempire.Archaeologists（6）______（find）thecity'sstreetsflanked（坐落

在...兩側(cè)）byhouseswithwallsupto10feethighandroomsfilled（7）______toolsof

dailylife.Theteamalsofoundalargebakery

（面包房），whosesizesuggestsitwasused

（8）______（provide）foodfora"verylargenumberofworkersandemployees."Other

（9）______（discovery）includetheskeleton（骨架）ofapersonburiedwitharms

stretchedouttothesideandropewrappedaroundtheknees.

Theexcavation

（挖掘）hasunearthed

（發(fā)掘）mostofthesouthernpartofthecity.10）

（

______，thenorthernregionisstilltobeunearthed.

五、短文改錯（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）

42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文

中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪

除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（

），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

DearSirorMadam,

Iamwritingthislettertodrawyouattentiontothecommunitylectureconcerninggarbage

classification.Asweallknow,garbageclassificationisofgreatsignificantfor

environmentalprotection.Weshouldtryourbestmakeourcommunityanbetterplace.

Garbageclassificationnotonlybenefitstheenvironment,butreducetheworkloadof

workers.Moreimportant,itcanhelpusdevelopasenseofresponsibilityandformgood

habitsforourselves.What'smore,thegarbagewhereisclassifiedcanberecycledand

turnedintovalueresources.

Thelecturewillbeheldinthehallat9amnextSunday.Ihopeyoucancomeandjoinin

us.Makingacontributiontogarbageclassification,please.

第10頁，共23頁

Yours,

HongqiCommunity

六、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）

43."雙減"，即有效減輕學(xué)生過重作業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)和校外培訓(xùn)負(fù)擔(dān)。

自從國家出臺相關(guān)文件后，

引來了各方的關(guān)注和討論，也使一些學(xué)生和家長無所適從。假設(shè)你是李華，一名即

將畢業(yè)的高三學(xué)生，請你根據(jù)下面提示，就實施"雙減"政策后學(xué)生如何規(guī)劃自己的

學(xué)習(xí)和課余生活，給你的同學(xué)們寫一封建議信。

要求：

1.勞逸結(jié)合，鍛煉身體。

2.珍惜時間，高效學(xué)習(xí)。

3.祝愿我們都考入自己理想的大學(xué)。

4.詞數(shù)100左右，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。

Dearclassmates,

第11頁，共23頁

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小題1】A【小題2】D【小題3】B

【解析】1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

（A.

根據(jù)ChineseFolkDancing部分中"Dancesinclude：Golden

the

andtheChinesedrumdance.（舞蹈包括金鼓舞和中國鼓舞）"以及"Sunday29Juneand

Wednesday2July（6月29日星期日和7月2日星期三）"可知，7月2日可以看中國鼓

舞。故選A。

（2）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ClubMedCircusSchool部分中"Learncircus

skills,includingthetrapeze,trampoliningandmagic.（學(xué)習(xí)馬戲團(tuán)技巧，包括空中飛人，蹦

床和魔術(shù)）"可知，要學(xué)魔術(shù)，你可以去ClubMedCircusSchool。故選D。

（3）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Enjoyunlimitedfreevisitsandmanyotherbenefits

bybecomingaFamilymemberofthePowerhouse.（成為Powerhouse的成員，可以享受無

限的免費(fèi)參觀和許多其他福利）"可知，在成為Powerhouse的會員之后就可以免費(fèi)參觀

博物館了。故選B。

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則廣告，主要介紹Powerhouse提供多種有趣的假日休閑活

動，以及休閑的內(nèi)容，時間，地點(diǎn)，聯(lián)系方式，價格以及優(yōu)惠條件等。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，

做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找

出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有

據(jù)。

4.【答案】

【小題1】A【小題2】A【小題3】C【小題4】D

【解析】1）A.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線句前的"BorninBerlinin1928，HeinzWolfwasthe

（

sonofJewishparents.Hismotherdiedin1938，andthenextyearthefamilyfled.Theyarrived

inBritainonthedaywarwasdeclared"（海因茨?沃爾夫1928年出生在柏林，父母是猶太

人。1938年，他的母親去世了，第二年，一家人就逃離了家鄉(xiāng)。他們在宣戰(zhàn)當(dāng)天到達(dá)

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英國）可知，沃爾夫的生平，母親去世后的第二年全家逃亡，在宣戰(zhàn)當(dāng)天到達(dá)了英國。

所以劃線句的意思是"及時逃離了德國"，A選項"我們及時逃離了德國"符合題意。故選

A。

（2）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"HewentontostudyatUniversityCollegeLondonand

graduatedwithafirstinphysicsandphysiology."（他繼續(xù)在倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)，并以物理

學(xué)和生理學(xué)第一名的成績畢業(yè)）可知，沃爾夫曾主修物理學(xué)和生理學(xué)。A選項"他過去

主修物理和生理學(xué)"符合題意。故選A。

（3）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后—段"hesaidhe'dbehappytodressupasaclownifitgot

childreninterestedinscience."（他說他很樂意打扮成小丑如果它能讓孩子們對科學(xué)感興

趣）可知，只要能引起孩子們對科學(xué)的興趣，沃爾夫就不在乎自己的外表有多滑稽，C

選項"他能幫助喚起孩子們對科學(xué)的興趣"符合題意。故選C。

（4）D.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段"ProfessorHeinzWolf,whohasdiedaged89，wasa

bioengineeringpioneer."（享年89歲的海因茨沃爾夫教授是生物工程學(xué)的先驅(qū)）可知，

沃爾夫的貢獻(xiàn)是開創(chuàng)性的。A.Aggressive"好斗的，積極進(jìn)取的"；B.Passionate"熱誠的"；

C.Optimistic"樂觀的"；D.Pioneering"先驅(qū)的"。D選項符合題意。故選D。

本文是一篇記敘文，講述了生物工程學(xué)的先驅(qū)海因茨沃爾夫教授的生平和貢獻(xiàn)。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，

要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯

關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對文章

未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作

者觀點(diǎn)。

8.【答案】

【小題1】B【小題2】D【小題3】C【小題4】A

【解析】1）B．

（

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

根據(jù)文章第一段"I，andagrowingnumberofscholars,believe

thereisasolution：thegovernmentshouldgivemonthlycashallowances（津貼），without

conditions,toeveryfamilywithkids"我和越來越多的學(xué)者認(rèn)為有一個解決辦法：政府應(yīng)該

每月無條件地給每個有孩子的家庭發(fā)放現(xiàn)金補(bǔ)貼。可知，向貧困宣戰(zhàn)的最好方法是無條

件的現(xiàn)金援助。故選B項。

（2）D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Theyalsodropoutofschoolathigherrates,earnless

moneyovertimeandareincarcerated（監(jiān)禁）farmoreoftenthantheirbetter-offpeers."與

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富裕的同齡人相比，他們的輟學(xué)率更高，收入也更少，被監(jiān)禁的頻率也更高?？芍瑑?/p>

童貧困被描述為道德悲劇的原因是大多數(shù)貧困兒童的成就更少，

表現(xiàn)出更多的問題行為。

故選D項。

（3）C．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"yetboththeleftandtherightdefameddirectcash

aidasawasteandacauseoflazinessandabuse."

然而左派和右派都將直接現(xiàn)金援助誹謗為

一種浪費(fèi)，是懶惰和濫用的原因?？赏浦渭覀儞?dān)心政府的救濟(jì)會降低勞動積極性。

故選C項。

（4）A．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"ThehistorianMichaelKatzcorrectlynotes,"One

oftheoddaspectsofthehistoryofwritingaboutpovertyistheavoidanceofthesimpleview

thatpeoplearepoorbecausetheylackmoney,"yetboththeleftandtherightdefamed

（誹謗）

directcashaidasawasteandacauseoflazinessandabuse."歷史學(xué)家邁克爾?卡茨正確指

出的那樣，很奇怪的一個方面寫歷史的貧窮是避免簡單的認(rèn)為人是可憐的，因為他們?nèi)?/p>

錢，而左派和右派都誹謗直接現(xiàn)金援助是浪費(fèi)和懶惰和濫用的原因，以及上文所講的貧

困會導(dǎo)致兒童的認(rèn)知、情感損傷；貧困兒童的認(rèn)知、社會行為和健康狀況更差?？芍?/p>

章主要講解窮人的歷史苦難。故選A項。

本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了貧困會導(dǎo)致兒童的認(rèn)知、情感損傷；貧困兒童的認(rèn)知、

社會行為和健康狀況更差；

作者認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)該每月無條件地給每個有孩子的家庭發(fā)放現(xiàn)

金津貼及其原因。

1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達(dá)上與原

文基本一致的題目。

2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，

但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，

做題時需要對原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是

原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來

分析。

12.【答案】

【小題1】C【小題2】B【小題3】A【小題4】C

【解析】（1）C．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中"Researchershavejustreleasedanincredible

newmapofthebrain,revealingnearly100newareasthatwerepreviouslyundiscoveredor

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forgotten.ManyexpertsarecallingthisamilestoneinneuroscienceaccordingtotheNewYork

Times."可知，研究人員剛剛發(fā)布了一幅令人難以置信的大腦新地圖，

揭示了近100個以

前未被發(fā)現(xiàn)或被遺忘的新區(qū)域。據(jù)《紐約時報》報道，許多專家稱這是神經(jīng)科學(xué)的一個

里程碑，且however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明現(xiàn)在的情況比以前要復(fù)雜得多了。故intricate意思

是"復(fù)雜的"。A.amazing令人驚異的；B.tricky狡猾的；C.complicated復(fù)雜的；D.difficult

困難的。故選C。

（2）B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Whileexpertsarelaudingthenewmap,it'sfarfrom

complete,saytheresearcherswhocreatedit.（盡管專家們對這幅新地圖贊不絕口，但繪制

它的研究人員表示，它還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠完整）"可知，研究人員認(rèn)為新的大腦圖譜仍然不完

整。故選B。

（3）A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中"Withallthosevariablesinhand,researchers

eventuallycreatedamapthatincluded83alreadyfamiliarareasofthebrain,plusanadditional

97regionsthatwereeitherpreviouslyundiscovered,orsomehowforgottenandlostinscientific

literaturealongtheway.（在掌握了所有這些變量后，研究人員最終繪制出了一張地圖，

其中包括83個已經(jīng)熟悉的大腦區(qū)域，以及另外97個以前沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)或在科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)中被

遺忘或丟失的區(qū)域）"可知，A選項"新地圖包括了97個不熟悉的大腦區(qū)域"正確。故選

A。

（4）C．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中"Researchershavejustreleasedanincrediblenewmap

ofthebrain,revealingnearly100newareasthatwerepreviouslyundiscoveredor

forgotten.ManyexpertsarecallingthisamilestoneinneuroscienceaccordingtotheNewYork

Times.（研究人員剛剛發(fā)布了一幅令人難以置信的大腦新地圖，揭示了近100個以前未

被發(fā)現(xiàn)或被遺忘的新區(qū)域。據(jù)《紐約時報》報道，許多專家稱這是神經(jīng)科學(xué)的一個里程

碑）"結(jié)合文章介紹了研究開展的過程、發(fā)現(xiàn)以及人們對此的看法。可知，這篇文章的

主旨是對一幅令人難以置信的大腦新地圖的研究。故選C。

本文是一篇說明文。研究人員剛剛發(fā)布了一幅令人難以置信的大腦新地圖，揭示了近

100個以前未被發(fā)現(xiàn)或被遺忘的新區(qū)域。文章介紹了研究開展的過程、發(fā)現(xiàn)以及人們對

此的看法。

1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達(dá)上與原

文基本一致的題目。

2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，

但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，

做題時需要對原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是

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原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來

分析。

16.【答案】

【小題1】E【小題2】C【小題3】F【小題4】D【小題5】A

【解析】1）E.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文foundthatthosewhoaresurroundedbyhappypeople

（

aremorelikelytobecomehappyinthefuture."

（發(fā)現(xiàn)那些周圍都是快樂的人的人更有可能

在未來變得快樂）可知這是花更多的時間與快樂的人在一起的原因。項：

，

E

Thisisreason

enoughtospendmoretimewithcheerfulpeople.（這是足夠的理由花更多的時間與快樂的

人在一起）承接上句，銜接自然。故選E項。

（2）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上句"Yes.It'sassimpleasitsounds."（是的。就像聽起來一樣

簡單），以及下句"AccordingtotwostudiesrecentlypublishedinTheJournalofPositive

Psychology,thosewhoactivelytriedtofeelhappierinthestudiesreportedthehighestlevelof

positivemoods"（根據(jù)最近發(fā)表在《積極心理學(xué)雜志》上的兩項研究，那些積極嘗試讓

自己更快樂的人，其積極情緒水平最高）

可知，空處建議我們要努力讓自己快樂。項：

C

Justtryingtobehappycanliftyourspirits.（要努力讓自己快樂就能讓你精神振奮）符合

題意，承接上句且和本段小標(biāo)題"Theytrytobehappy"

（他們努力讓自己快樂）呼應(yīng)。故

選C項。

（3）F.推理判斷題。根