初中詞義辨析(精華)課件

第十講第十講1詞義辨析詞義辨析2方位介詞on:在…上。表面接觸。over:在垂直正上方.<反>underabove:在上方,高于某物,不一定垂直。<反>belowon,over,aboveThereisaship

theriver.

Thereisabridge

theriver.

Thereisaplane

thebridge.

onoveraboveonoverunderabovebelowbeneath方位介詞on:在…上。表面接觸。over:在垂直正上方.3地理方位in:在內(nèi)部。on:搭界。to:不搭界。in,to,onBeijingis

thenorthofChina.inJapanis

theeastofChina.

toHunanis

thesouthofHubei.

on地理方位in:在內(nèi)部。on:搭界。to:不搭界。in,4infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof:在…前面(范圍之外)inthefrontof:在…的前部(范圍之內(nèi))ThereisacarinfrontofthehouseandTomsitsinthefrontofthecar.Tom一言辨異infrontof,inthefrontofin5cross,across,throughacross:prep.從表面橫穿through:prep.從內(nèi)部空間穿cross:v.穿過(guò)，越過(guò)*goacrossthestreet=crossthestreet*gothroughthetunnel/forest*swimacrosstheChannel*Theriverrunsthroughthiscity.cross,across,throughacross:6inthetree,onthetreeinatree:不是樹(shù)上結(jié)的東西onatree:樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)的。onthetreeinthetreeinthetree,onthetreeinat7accept,receiveaccept:主動(dòng)接受receive:收到Ireceivedagift,butIdon’twanttoacceptit.接收接受一言辨異accept,receiveaccept:主動(dòng)接受re8alone,lonelyIwastravellingaloneinthelonelymountain.Ididn’tfeellonelythoughIwasalone.孤單我獨(dú)自行走在荒涼的山里，雖孤身一人，但并不感到寂寞.adv.狀語(yǔ)獨(dú)自adj.定語(yǔ)荒涼的孤獨(dú)不在獨(dú)處時(shí)只在鬧市中表語(yǔ)孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的表語(yǔ)一個(gè)人的一言辨異loneadj.定語(yǔ)單獨(dú)的,獨(dú)自的,無(wú)伴的客觀狀態(tài)aloneadj.表語(yǔ)獨(dú)自的,一個(gè)人的客觀情況adv.狀語(yǔ)單獨(dú)地,獨(dú)自地lonelyadj.表語(yǔ)孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的主觀感受定語(yǔ)偏僻的,荒涼的,孤獨(dú)的alone,lonelyIwastravelling9ill,sickill:adj.表示“有病的”只能作表語(yǔ),不能做定語(yǔ).

作定語(yǔ)時(shí)表示“惡劣的,邪惡的”sick:adj.作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ):“生病的”,與with連用表原因。作表語(yǔ)“嘔吐的,惡心的”生病Mydaughterwassickwithacold.我女兒因感冒而生病。Tomwasillinhospital.Tom生病住院了。Thatillwomankilledherownchild.那個(gè)壞女人殺了自己的孩子。Shewantedtohelpsickpeople.她想幫助病人。ill,sickill:adj.表示“有病的”只能作10puton,wear,dress,in,穿戴puton后接衣服

強(qiáng)調(diào)穿的動(dòng)作Putonthecoat.wear后接衣服強(qiáng)調(diào)穿戴的狀態(tài)Sheiswearingabluedressandaminkcoat.dress后接人dresssb.(動(dòng)作)給別人穿衣服dressoneself(動(dòng)作)給自己穿衣服bedressedin+衣服(狀態(tài))in后接顏色或衣服強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，做定語(yǔ)。thegirlinredSheisinareddress.haveon穿戴著。表狀態(tài)。無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)。=bewearingputon,wear,dress,in,穿戴put11take,cost,spend,paytake時(shí)間主語(yǔ)itIttakessb.+時(shí)間+todosth.spend金錢/時(shí)間主語(yǔ)人sb.+spend+金錢/時(shí)間+onsth.(in)doingsth.cost金錢/時(shí)間主語(yǔ)物sth.+cost+sb.+金錢/時(shí)間(模糊時(shí)間段)pay金錢主語(yǔ)人sb.+pay+金錢+forsth.花費(fèi)知多少take,cost,spend,paytake時(shí)間主語(yǔ)12madebemadeof+原材料(看得出)bemadefrom+原材料(看不出)bemadeby+制造者bemadein+產(chǎn)地制造Wineismade

grapes.Thiscarismade

Germany.Cottonismade

clothes.Thehouseismade

wood.Mykiteismade

UncleTom.Waterismade

oxygenanyhydrogen.frominintoofbyupofbemadeinto+成品bemadeupof+組成部分madebemadeof+原材料(看得出)bema13borrow,lend,keepborrowsth.fromsb.lendsth.tosb.keep+for+時(shí)間段=borrowsb.sth.=lendsb.sth.借入借借出持有一段時(shí)間borrow,lend,keepborrowsth.14steal,robstealsth.fromsb./sp.robsb./sp.ofsth.偷搶從某人/某地偷東西搶某人/某地東西steal,robstealsth.fromsb./15usedtousedtodosth.過(guò)去常常做某事be/getusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣做某事Heusedtogotoworkbycar,butnowonfoot.beusedtodosth.被用來(lái)做…Heisusedtoreadingbooksbeforehegoestosleep.Knifeisusedtocut.usedtousedtodosth.過(guò)去常常做16by,with,in,throughwith:用工具in:用語(yǔ)言、材料by:靠，憑…方式/方法/手段through:通過(guò)…途徑writewithapen,strikewithahammerkilltwobirdswithonestoneinEnglish,inink,inLargeLetters,inshorthandAllworkhadtobedonebyhand.所有的工作都是手工進(jìn)行的。

Hemakesalivingbyteaching.

他以教書為生。Howdidyousendtheletter,byairmailorbyordinarymail?Hecamebytrain,buthiswifecamebybus.Hesucceededthroughhardwork.Thescientiststudiestheskiesthroughatelescope.by,with,in,throughwith:用工17look,see,watch,readlook:去看。強(qiáng)調(diào)看的過(guò)程。vi.與at連用see:看見(jiàn)。強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果watch:觀看，欣賞(電視,劇,表演,比賽)read:讀(書,報(bào),雜志)看Look!Lookatthepictures!Whatcanyousee?look,see,watch,readlook:去18聽(tīng)listen,hearlisten:vi.與to連用。強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作,不一定聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。hear:vt.聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的結(jié)果。Iwaslistening,butheardnothing.聽(tīng)listen,hearlisten:vi.與to連19sound,noise,voicesound:一切聲音noise:噪音Thereisaloudnoiseoutsidetheclassroom.Theteacherhadtoraisehisvoice,”Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”教室外面一片嘈雜，老師只得提高聲音說(shuō)：“光的傳播速度比聲音快得多?！甭曇魐oice:嗓音一言辨異sound,noise,voicesound:一切聲音20say,speak,tell,talk,chat說(shuō)sayvt.說(shuō)，講。強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)的內(nèi)容。vi.和…說(shuō)。saytosb.speakvt.講某種語(yǔ)言vi.側(cè)重講的動(dòng)作。speaktosb.tellvt.告訴,講述(story,lie,joke)tellsb.sth.tellsb.todosth.talkvi.談話,談?wù)搕alkabouttalkwith/tosb.chatvi.聊天。chatwith/tosb.say,speak,tell,talk,chat說(shuō)s21lookfor,find,findoutlookfor:尋找。強(qiáng)調(diào)找的過(guò)程和動(dòng)作。find:找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)。強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。Shelookedforherlostringeverywhere,butshedidn’tfindit.Thenextdayshefoundoutthatalittleboyhadstolenit.findout:找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明。指通過(guò)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)真相。尋找一言辨異lookfor,find,findoutlookf22discover,inventdiscover:發(fā)現(xiàn)。原本就存在的。Edisoninventedthelight.invent:發(fā)明。原本沒(méi)有ColumbusdiscoveredNewContinent.discover,inventdiscover:發(fā)現(xiàn)。23infuture,inthefutureinfuture:從今以后的全部將來(lái)inthefuture:將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻ImuststudyhardinfutureandIwillsucceedinthefuture.將來(lái)=fromnowon從今以后我必須努力工作，那么將來(lái)我就會(huì)成功。DoyouwanttogotoAmericainthefuture?Ihopeyou’llbecarefulinfuture.一言辨異infuture,inthefutureinfut24sleep,asleep,sleepygotobed:上床,就寢。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。與getup對(duì)應(yīng)gotosleep:睡著,入睡。強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。=fallasleep：自然而然、不知不覺(jué)地睡著。sleepy:adj.疲倦的。睡覺(jué)beasleep：睡著了的。強(qiáng)調(diào)睡眠的狀態(tài)。asleep:adj.只能做表語(yǔ)。sleep:v.&n.sleepasoundsleepsleeping:n.睡眠。做定語(yǔ)asleepingbag/car/babysleep：

指睡覺(jué)的動(dòng)作過(guò)程。sleep,asleep,sleepygotobed25bestrictin,bestrictwithbestrictinsth.:對(duì)某事(工作、學(xué)習(xí))嚴(yán)格要求bestrictwithsb.:對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求。Studentsmustbestrictintheirstudyandteachersmustbestrictwiththeirstudents.嚴(yán)格嚴(yán)格是大愛(ài)一言辨異bestrictin,bestrictwithbe26job,workjob:n.可數(shù)。工作,職業(yè),任務(wù),職責(zé)。work:v.&n.不可數(shù)。What’syourjob?Igotajobasateacherafewdaysago.Ihavealotofworktodoeveryday.Imustworkhard.工作agoodjob一件好事loseone‘sjob失業(yè)beoutofajob失業(yè)Doagoodjob.=Goodjob!干的不錯(cuò)atwork在工作workhard努力工作（或?qū)W習(xí)）job,workjob:n.可數(shù)。工作,職業(yè),任務(wù),27bring,take,fetch,carrybring:拿來(lái),帶來(lái)←take:拿走,帶走→Pleasebringyourbookhere.fetch:去取來(lái),去拿,去接

goandbringcarry:攜帶,運(yùn)送,運(yùn)載帶Let’stakeMarytotheparty.Pleasefetchmeacupofcoffee.Don’tforgettocarrythemedicine.Thisplanecancarry550people.bring,take,fetch,carrybring28die,dead,dying,death1.Hediedsuddenlylastnight.2.Theoldmanisdying.3.LeiFengwasdeadformanyyears,butdeathcan’tbringhimawayfrompeople’sheart.4.Nowadaysmanypeopledieofcancer.5.Theyoungmandiedfromatrafficaccident.死dievi.死。瞬間動(dòng)詞deadadj.無(wú)生命的,死的dying現(xiàn)在分詞垂死的,要死的deathn.死亡dieof死于…(疾病,衰老)內(nèi)部原因diefrom死于…(地震,事故)外部原因die,dead,dying,death1.Hed29cloth,clothes,clothingcloth:布,布料。clothes:衣服的總稱。以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。包括上衣，褲子，內(nèi)衣，外衣，含義較具體。Allherclothesareverybeautiful.她所有的衣服都很漂亮。clothing:服裝的總稱。包括衣服褲子鞋襪,范圍比clothes廣,含義較抽象。衣服Theshopsellsmen’sclothing.這家商店賣男裝。IneedalotofclothifI’mgoingtomakeanewdress.jacketcoatshirtblousedressskirttrousersshortssweatersockstiecloth,clothes,clothingcloth:30初中詞義辨析(精華)課件31house,home,familyhouse:房子。指建筑。無(wú)感情色彩。home:家。強(qiáng)調(diào)家的氛圍或環(huán)境，有感情色彩。ShehasanewhouseinShanghai.Shegoeshomeatfiveeveryday.Herfamilyallliketravlling.family:家庭。強(qiáng)調(diào)家庭成員。家house,home,familyhouse:房子。指32havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin,havebeenawayhavebeento:去過(guò)某地。(人已回)havegoneto:去了某地。(人未回)-WhereisTom?-HehasgonetoLondon.HehasbeentoLondonthreetimes.WehavebeeninNYfor5years.Mr.SmithhasbeenawayfromParisfor2months.havebeenin:在某地呆著。havebeenaway:離開(kāi)某地。havebeento,havegoneto,ha33…enoughto…,too…to……enoughto:足夠…能夠做…too…to…:太…而不能…Theboyistoo

young

togotoschool.=Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.Thegirlisold

enoughtogotoschool.反too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)在肯定句式中表示否定含義，但在下列情況表示肯定含義。nottoo…to…but/just/onlytoo…to…too…notto……enoughto…,too…to……enought34besides,except,exceptfor,besides:除了…之外(還有)從整體中加上,是附加關(guān)系=inadditionexcept:除了…之外,從整體中減去,是排除關(guān)系。

不能放在句首,放在句首需要用exceptfor替代。ShecanspeakFrenchandJapanesebesidesEnglish.exceptfor:“除……之外”，用于引述細(xì)節(jié)以修正和補(bǔ)充句子的主要意思，

有“瑕不掩瑜美中不足”之意。前后名詞性質(zhì)不同。

apartfrom:apartfrom具有多重意義，既可表示besides，也可表示except或exceptfor。在同類或不同類都能用。

除了WeallpassedtheexamexceptTom.Yourcompositionisquiteexcellentexceptforseveralspellingmistakes.Apartfromtheprice,thedressdoesn’tsuitme.且不說(shuō)besides,except,exceptfor,be35sometime,sometimes,

sometime,sometimesIttookmesometimetofinishthereport.Wewillmeetsometimenextweek.Shesometimesgoestoschoolonfoot.WehavebeentotheGreatWallsometimes.sometime一段時(shí)間sometimeadv.某時(shí)sometimes幾次，幾倍sometimes偶爾，有時(shí)口訣分開(kāi)是”一段“相聚在“某時(shí)”分開(kāi)s是“倍次”相連s是”有時(shí)“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢sometime,sometimes,

sometime36too,either,also,aswell也also肯定句位于助動(dòng)詞后行為動(dòng)詞前aswell肯定句位于句末不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)too肯定句位于句末可用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)either否定句位于句末可用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)too,either,also,aswell也als37befamousfor

befamousasbefamousfor:因…而著名(不同概念)befamousas:作為…而出名(同一概念)ChinaisfamousfortheGreatWall.著名Chinaisfamousasanancientcountry.befamousfor

befamousasbe38beafraidofdoing

beafraidtodobeafraidofdoing:擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)某種后果beafraidtodo：不敢做害怕一言辨異Mr.Blackwasafraidtoclimbthetree,forhewasafraidof

fallingdownfromit.布萊克先生不敢爬樹(shù)，因?yàn)樗聫臉?shù)上掉下來(lái)。beafraidofdoing

beafraidt39befamiliarwith

befamiliartobefamiliarwith:人做主語(yǔ)，某人對(duì)…熟悉Sheisfamiliarwith

modernjazz.她對(duì)現(xiàn)代爵士樂(lè)很熟悉。Yourname

isveryfamiliarto

me.你的名字我很熟悉。befamiliarto:物做主語(yǔ)，物對(duì)人來(lái)說(shuō)是熟悉的熟悉befamiliarwith

befamiliart40agreeagreewith:agreeto:.agreeon:同意agreeagreewith:agreeto:.agre41How…..Howmany多少？對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)(可數(shù))Howmuch多少？對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)(不可數(shù))Howlong多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？對(duì)完成時(shí)中時(shí)間段提問(wèn)Howsoon多久以后？對(duì)將來(lái)時(shí)中in+時(shí)間段提問(wèn)Howfar多遠(yuǎn)？對(duì)距離提問(wèn)Howoften多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次？對(duì)頻率提問(wèn)How…..Howmany多少？對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)(可數(shù))How42join,takepartin,

enterfor,attend參加join加入黨派組織社會(huì)團(tuán)體成為其中一員(party,army,club)joininsb.takepartin參加某項(xiàng)集體活動(dòng)enterfor參加競(jìng)賽比賽(competition,race)attend參加某種場(chǎng)合(meeting)著重指動(dòng)作join,takepartin,

enterfor43hearof/about

hearfromhearof/about:聽(tīng)說(shuō)。間接聽(tīng)到或聽(tīng)說(shuō)某人某事。hearfrom:收到…來(lái)信HaveyouheardfromSusanrecently?Iheardofherillness.一言辨異hearof/about

hearfromhearof44learnof/about

learnfromlearnof/about:聽(tīng)說(shuō)…的事情,得知,了解WeshouldlearnfromLeiFeng.learnfrom:向…學(xué)習(xí)I’mverysadtolearnabouthisdeath.learnof/about

learnfromlearn45manageto,tryto,trydoingmanagetodo:設(shè)法做成某事Howdidyoumanagetogetthere?你是怎么設(shè)法到達(dá)那里的？Thedoctortriedtocurethepatientofherillness,sohetriedtreatingherwithnewmedicine.醫(yī)生盡力為這個(gè)病人治病，因此他試著用新藥給她治療。trytodo:企圖，設(shè)法去做某事trydoing:嘗試做某事一言辨異manageto,tryto,trydoingma46anumberof,thenumberofThenumberof

booksinourlibraryisgoingup.我們圖書館里的藏書數(shù)量正在上升。anumberof:大量，許多，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)thenumberof:…的數(shù)量。中心詞是number,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Anumberof

students

areontheplayground.很多學(xué)生在操場(chǎng)上。Anumberof

teachers

arepresenttoday,thenumberof

them

is300.許多老師今天都出席了，人數(shù)有300人。一言辨異anumberof,thenumberofThe47muchtoo,toomuchmuchtoo:太,非常，后接形容詞或副詞。toomuch:太多,后接不可數(shù)名詞,或修飾行為動(dòng)詞,置于句末。Thereistoomuchwaterhere.這里有很多水。Hecan’twritetoomuchonacard.

Mywifealwaysworriestoomuch.我的妻子總是擔(dān)心太多。Theboxismuchtooheavy.Hecan’tcarryit.這個(gè)箱子太重了，他搬不動(dòng)。muchtoo,toomuchmuchtoo:太48nomore,nolongerIhaveeatenenoughapples.Idon’twanttoeatanymore.=Iwanttoeatnomore.我吃了足夠多的蘋果，我不想再吃了。nomore:數(shù)量、程度上不再…多與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用=not…anymorenolonger:時(shí)間、距離上不再…,多與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用=not…anylonger不再Hisuncleisnotadriveranylonger.=Hisuncleisnolongeradriver.他的叔叔不再是個(gè)司機(jī)了。nomore,nolongerIhaveeaten49whole,allwhole:與定冠詞和物主代詞連用時(shí),whole位于它們后

all:allthe…整個(gè)Allthepeopleherehaveknownthewholetruthaboutthematter.這里所有的人都知道了這件事情的全部真相。一言辨異alltheday一整天=thewholedayallthetime一直thewholetime全部時(shí)間whole,allwhole:與定冠詞和物主代詞連用時(shí)50wish,hopeIwishyousuccess.Ihopeitwillbefinetomorrow.Ihopetowatchthefootballmatchagain.wish:祝愿。難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。hope:希望?？蓪?shí)現(xiàn)的。

wish,hopeIwishyousuccess.w51leave,leaveforleave:離開(kāi)(出發(fā)地)leavefor:動(dòng)身，前往(目的地)。

leaveleaveforNigelwillleaveBeijingforSydneynextmonth.leave,leaveforleave:離開(kāi)(出發(fā)地)52compareto,comparewithcompare…to…:把…比作…(有相似性)Don’tcomparemyplanwithothers.不要把我的計(jì)劃和他人的相比。compare…to/with…:把…和…相比較(有對(duì)比性)Heoftencomparestheworldtoastage.他常常把世界比作一個(gè)舞臺(tái)。compareto,comparewithcompar53thesame…as

besimilarto

bedifferentfromthesame…as和…相同besimilarto和…相似bedifferentfrom和…不同thesame…as

besimilarto

bed54Itis+adj.+forsb.todoItis+adj.+ofsb.todo對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是…...的

客觀。easy,hard,difficult,possible,impossible某人是…的去做某事

主觀。表示人品的形容詞good,kind,nice,honest,cleverItis+adj.+forsb.todoIti55Whatishelike?Whatdoeshelooklike?他是個(gè)什么樣的人？指內(nèi)在特征。

kind,nice,clever,honest,shy,polite,quiet,frank,hard-working,awful,lazy他長(zhǎng)的什么樣子？指外在特征。

beautiful,pretty,smart,handsome,tall,short,fat,thin,bigeyes,blackhair,Whatishelike?Whatdoeshel56dropinat,dropinon,

callat,callon,visit參觀拜訪dropinatsp.關(guān)顧、參觀某地dropinonsb.看望、拜訪某人callatsp.光顧、參觀某地callonsb.看望、拜訪某人visitsp.光顧、參觀某地visitsb.看望、拜訪某人dropinat,dropinon,

calla57許多,大量可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)/不可數(shù)manymuchalotof=lotsofagreat/goodmanyagreatamountofplentyofagreat/largenumberofagreat/gooddealofaquantityofquantitiesof許多,大量可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)/不可數(shù)many58不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)分forgettodo忘記要做某事forgetdoing忘記做過(guò)某事remembertodo記得要做某事rememberdoing記得做過(guò)某事stoptodo停下來(lái)去做另一件事stopdoing停止做某事regrettodo抱歉、遺憾要做某事regretdoing后悔做過(guò)某事不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)分forgettodo忘記要做某事fo59mustn’t,shouldn’t,needn’t,can’tmustn’t千萬(wàn)別做(禁止)needn’t不必做don’thaveto不必做shouldn’t不該做can’t不可能mustn’t,shouldn’t,needn’t,c60同義表達(dá)同義表達(dá)61立刻immediatelyatoncerightnow充滿裝滿befullofbefilledwith道歉besorrytosb.apologizetosb.來(lái)自befromcomefrom親自byoneselfonone’sownalone由…負(fù)責(zé)beresponsibleforhavethedutyforinchargeof擅長(zhǎng)begoodatdowellin對(duì)…有興趣bekeenonbeinterestedin立刻immediately充滿befullo