高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解名師課件

第一篇專題復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解第一節(jié)閱讀理解之事實細節(jié)題第一篇專題復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解Ⅰ.每日經(jīng)典諺語和句型背誦與仿寫1．Confidenceinyourselfisthefirststepontheroadtosuccess.自信是走向成功的第一步。2．It’snot/justlikesb.todosth.……的行為不/正像某人的一貫作風(fēng)Ⅰ.每日經(jīng)典諺語和句型背誦與仿寫活學(xué)活用仿照上述句型，翻譯下列句子。(1)上課遲到不像吉姆的一貫作風(fēng)，因為他把時間看作是生命中最重要的。____________________________________________________________________________________It’snotlikeJimtobelateforclassbecauseheregardstimeasthemostimportantthinginlife.活學(xué)活用仿照上述句型，翻譯下列句子。It’snotlik(2)在想到自己前先想到別人正是她一貫的作風(fēng)。______________________________________________________________________________________It’sjustlikehertothinkofothersbeforethinkingofherself.(2)在想到自己前先想到別人正是她一貫的作風(fēng)。Ⅱ.閱讀理解之事實細節(jié)題這類試題旨在考查考生對事實細節(jié)的理解。主要針對who，what，which，why，how，when，where等來提問，可能只針對文章中某一特定的細節(jié)，也可能涉及若干個細節(jié)。這類題的答案一般可以在文章中直接或間接地找到，但是不可能與閱讀材料一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型表達相同的意思，即語意轉(zhuǎn)換。解題時注意以下兩點：Ⅱ.閱讀理解之事實細節(jié)題1．用題干或選項中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜索(尋讀)找到題眼，迅速鎖定相關(guān)詞句或信息點，這是解題的依據(jù)所在。2．如果題干中含有否定意義的詞語，如有not，except等，要特別留心?！蚪忸}技巧1．解題原則：忠實于原文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。1．用題干或選項中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜索(尋讀)找到題眼，迅速鎖2．文章中心是論點，事實細節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細節(jié)的問題通常是對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細節(jié)及事實進行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。3．提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。4．在閱讀理解中，事實細節(jié)題常有以下幾種命題方式：2．文章中心是論點，事實細節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細節(jié)的問題(1)Whichofthefollowingisright?(2)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?(3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?(4)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthepassage?(5)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?(1)Whichofthefollowingisr(6)Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?(7)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept.(8)Thewritermentionsalloftheitemslistedbelowexcept________.(9)Whatistheexampleof...asdescribedinthepassage?(10)Choosetherightorderofthispassage.(6)Whichofthefollowingism(11)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)．..(12)Thereasonfor...is...(13)Fromthispassageweknowthat________.(14)Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat________.(11)Accordingtothepassage,典型例析(2011年高考)Intheanimalkingdom，weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.典型例析(2011年高考)IntheFrommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople,butsometimesIfeelsadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily.Theydon'tgettoseethissoftsideofothers.Often，wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness,whichincludesalotofpretending.Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe'rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat'sinthem.

Frommywheelchair26．Theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen________.A．theyoffertheirhelpB．theyreceiveothers'helpC．theyfeelothers'kindnessD．theyshowtheirweakness26．Theauthorhasdiscoveredt解析：事實細節(jié)題。由第1段最后一句可知，關(guān)鍵是理該句中的it，它指的是前文中的“thekindnessinpeople”，其具體行為是“peopleholddoorsforme，pourcreamintomycoffee，orhelpmetoputonmycoat”，人們的這些行為概括起來，就是theyoffertheirhelp，故選A。文中信息與選項表述的關(guān)系是：具體與概括的關(guān)系。答案：A解析：事實細節(jié)題。由第1段最后一句可知，關(guān)鍵是理該句中的it27．Theauthorfeelssadsometimesbecause________.A．hehasasoftheartB．hereliesmuchonothersC．somepeoplepretendtobekindD．somepeoplefailtoseethekindnessinothers27．Theauthorfeelssadsometi解析：事實細節(jié)題。由第2段第1句but后的內(nèi)容可知，選項中用somepeople代替了文中thosewhoappearindependent，用failtosee代替了文中的miss。(近義替換)答案：D解析：事實細節(jié)題。由第2段第1句but后的內(nèi)容可知，選項中用(2011年高考)Inaworldwithlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources(資源),theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持續(xù)的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainable(2011年高考)Inproducts.Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.41．ThetraditionalbusinessmodelisharmfulbecauseofallthefollowingEXCEPTthat________.A．ItmakestheworldwarmerB．itconsumesnaturalresourcesC．itbringsseveredamagetoforestsD．itmakesgrowthhardtocontinueproducts.Inotherwords,wes解析：事實細節(jié)解。根據(jù)第一段“thepastdecadeshasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.”可知：傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式的危害是使全球氣候變暖、不能持續(xù)發(fā)展、給未來發(fā)展造成損失。所以B正確。答案：B解析：事實細節(jié)解。根據(jù)第一段“thepastdecade(2012年高考)Mothers,doctorsandnursesalikehavenoideaofwhereababy'sbloodsugarlevellies.Allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed.Inthisstate,thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsleepisimpossible.Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.31．AccordingtotheParagraph,onereasonwhyababycriesisthatitfeels________.(2012年高考)Mothers,dA．sick

B．upsetC．sleepyD．hungry解析：事實細節(jié)題。由該段最后一句“Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth”可知。命題人采用了另外的詞語(searchingforfood)去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法，但仍表示同一含義(hungry)。答案：DA．sickB．upset解析：事實細節(jié)題(2013年高考)However，tosucceedinlife，onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And，inadditiontothat，inordertogenerallygoodatsomething，oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings，it'llrequireevenmoretime，timethatmostpeoplewon'tputin.(2013年高考)However，tosucThisisabigreasonwhymanysuccessfulpeopleadviseyoutodosomethingyoulove.Ifyoudon'tenjoywhatyoudo，itisgoingtofeellikeunbearablepainandwilllikelymakeyouquitwellbeforeyoueverbecomegoodatit.Thisisabigreas33．Successfulpeoplesuggestdoingwhatonelovesbecause________.A．workmakesonefeelpainB．onetendstoenjoyhisworkC．onegivesuphisworkeasilyD．ittakesalotoftimetosucceed33．Successfulpeoplesuggestd解析：細節(jié)理解題。題眼出現(xiàn)在第二段第一句Thisisabigreasonwhymanysuccessfulpeopleadviseyoutodosomethingyoulove.其中的this就是指代上文的內(nèi)容，即第一段的最后兩句話的內(nèi)容oneneedstospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings,it'llrequireevenmoretime,timethatmostpeoplewon'tputin，這兩句就告訴我們，要成功需要花費大量的時間。答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。題眼出現(xiàn)在第二段第一句Thisisa(2013年高考)Inthebattleagainstcheating,thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem,totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating,expertssay,canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid—thatstudentshaven'tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.(201343．ForInternetuniversities,examsanddiplomaswillbevalidif________.A．theycanattractpotentialstudentsB．theycandefeatacademiccheatingC．theyofferstudentsonlinehelpD．theyoffermanyonlinecourses43．ForInternetuniversities,解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第三段最后一句Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating，expertssay,canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid可知，只有有了打擊作弊的強有力的措施，網(wǎng)絡(luò)大學(xué)才能表明他們的考試和文憑是有效的。答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第三段最后一句Onlywithsol1．“Haveaniceday！”

maybeapleasantgestureorameaninglessexpression.WhenmyfriendMaxiesays“Haveaniceday”withasmile.Iknowshesincerelycaresaboutwhathappenstome.Ifeellovedandsecuresinceanotherpersoncaresaboutmeandwishesmewell.HowdoestheauthorunderstandMaxie’swords?A．Maxieshowsheranxietytotheauthor.1．“Haveaniceday！”maybeaB．Maxiereallywishestheauthoragoodday.C．Maxieencouragestheauthortostayhappy.D．Maxiereallyworriesabouttheauthor'ssecurity.解析：事實細節(jié)題。由最后兩句可知，特別是“caresaboutmeandwishesmewell”等字眼。命題人采用了另外的詞語去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法，但仍表示同一含義。答案：BB．Maxiereallywishestheauth2．Theexpressioncanbepleasant.Ifastrangersays“Haveaniceday”toyou,youmayfinditheart-warmingbecausesomeoneyoudon'tknowhastriedtobenicetoyou.Bysaying“Haveaniceday，”

astrangermay________.A．trytobepolitetoyouB．expressrespecttoyou2．TheexpressioncanbepleasaC．givehisblessingtoyouD．sharehispleasurewithyou解析：事實細節(jié)題。由該段可知，特別是“hastriedtobenicetoyou”最為明顯。命題人采用了另外的詞語(triedtobenicetoyou)去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法，但仍表示同一含義(trytobepolitetoyou)。答案：AC．givehisblessingtoyou解析：事3．Well,atlastwehavecopper-bottomedresearchthatsupportsdemandfeedingandpointsouttheweaknessesofstrictlytimedfeeding.Theresearchfindsoutthatbabieswhoarefedondemanddobetteratschoolatage5,7,11and14,thanbabiesfedaccordingtotheclock.Bytheageof8,theirIQ(智商)scoresarefourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable.ThisresearchcomesfromOxfordandEssexUniversityusingasample(樣本)of10,419children3．Well,atlastwehavecopperbornintheearly1990s,takingaccountofparentaleducation,familyincome,achild'ssexandage,themother'shealthandfeedingstyle.Theseresultsdon'tsurpriseme.Feedingaccordingtoschedulerunstheriskofharmingtherapidlygrowingbrainbytakingnoaccountofsinkingbloodsugarlevels.Whatdoestheresearchtellusaboutfeedingababyondemand?bornintheearly1990s,takinA．Thebabywillsleepwell.B．Thebabywillhaveitsbrainharmed.C．Thebabywillhavealowbloodsugarlevel.D．Thebabywillgrowtobewiserbytheageof8.A．Thebabywillsleepwell.解析：事實細節(jié)題。由第三句“Bytheageof8,theirIQ(智商)scoresarefourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable”可知。答案：D解析：事實細節(jié)題。由第三句“Bytheageof84．Iwasblind,butIwasashamedofitifitwasknown.Irefusedtouseawhitestickandhatedaskingforhelp.Afterall,Iwasateenagegirl,andIcouldn'tbearpeopletolookatmeandthinkIwasnotlikethem.Imusthavebeenaterribledangerontheroads.Comingacrossmewanderingthroughthetraffic,motoristsprobablywouldhavetosteprapidlyontheirbrakes.Apartfromthat,therewereallsortsofdisastersthatusedtooccuronthewaytoandfromwork.4．Iwasblind,butIwasashamThegirlrefusedtoaskforhelpbecauseshethought________.A．shemightberecognizedB．a(chǎn)skingforhelplookedsillyC．shewasnormalandindependentD．beingfoundblindwasembarrassingThegirlrefusedtoaskforhe解析：事實細節(jié)題。由本文第一句“Iwasblind,butIwasashamedofitifitwasknown”可知。答案：D解析：事實細節(jié)題。由本文第一句“Iwasblind,b5．Oneevening,IgotoffthebusabouthalfwayhomewhereIhadtochangebuses,andasusualIranintosomething.“I'mawfullysorry，”

Isaidandsteppedforwardonlytorunintoitagain.Whenithappenedathirdtime,IrealizedIhadbeenapologizingtoalamppost.Thiswasjustoneofthestupidthingsthatconstantlyhappenedtome.SoIcarriedonandfoundthebusstop,whichwasarequeststop,wherethebuswouldn'tstopunlesspassengerswantedtogetonor5．Oneevening,Igotofftheboff.NooneelsewasthereandIhadtotrytoguessifthebushadarrived.Afterthegirlgotoffthebusthatevening,she________.A．begantorunB．hitapersonasusualC．hitalamppostbyaccidentD．wascaughtbysomethingoff.Nooneelsewasthereand解析：事實細節(jié)題。由第三句“Whenithappenedathirdtime,IrealizedIhadbeenapologizingtoalamppost”可知。答案：C解析：事實細節(jié)題。由第三句“Whenithappened6．What'sinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligence.Theycanlearnhowtoreadeachother‘sbodysignals,suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwepreviouslysuspected.Oncefamiliarwitheachother’spresenceandbodylanguage,catsanddogscanplaytogether,greeteachothernosetonose,6．What'sinterestingisthatbandenjoysleepingtogetheronthesofa.Theycaneasilysharethesamewaterbowlandinsomecasesgroom(梳理)eachother.Itissuggestedthatcatsanddogs________.A．havecommoninterestsB．a(chǎn)relessdifferentthanwasthoughtC．haveacommonbodylanguageD．a(chǎn)relessintelligentthanwasexpectedandenjoysleepingtogetheron解析：事實細節(jié)題。由該段第2句“thetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwepreviouslysuspected”可知。只是用“arelessdifferent(不同點更少了)”替代了原文的“havemoreincommon(共同點更多了)；用“thanwasthought”替代了“thanwepreviouslysuspected”。命題人分別采用了“反義表達(用反義詞表達相同意思)”和“近義替換”。答案：B解析：事實細節(jié)題。由該段第2句“thetwomayha7．Iarrivedintheclassroomwithpapercardsdesignedintheshapeofmapleleaves.Ihadcutthemmyselfoutoforangeconstructionpaper.Isawninestudentsalongalongtable.Ihandedoutthecards,andthestudentswrotedowntheirnamesandfastenedthemtotheirbreastpocketsasIrequired.Beforehestartedhisclass,theauthoraskedthestudentsto________.7．IarrivedintheclassroomwA．writedowntheirsuggestionsonthepapercardsB．cutmapleleavesoutoftheconstructionpaperC．cutsomecardsoutoftheconstructionpaperD．writedowntheirnamesonthepapercardsA．writedowntheirsuggestions解析：事實細節(jié)題。由“Ihandedoutthecards,andthestudentswrotedowntheirnamesandfastenedthemtotheirbreastpocketsasIrequired”可知。答案：D解析：事實細節(jié)題。由“Ihandedouttheca8．WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,Iwasashamedofmymother'sChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartmentstores,atbanks,andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergoodservice,pretendednottounderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.Whywastheauthor'smotherpoorlyserved?8．WhenIwasgrowingupinAmeA．ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.B．Shewasoftenmisunderstood.C．Shewasnotclearlyheard.D．Shewasnotverypolite.解析：事實細節(jié)題。由文中“BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly”可知。答案：AA．Shewasunabletospeakgood9．Thisiswhatbeingawinnerisallabout－creativelyusingyourskillsandtalentssothatyouaresuccessfulnomatterwhathappens.Winnersdon'thavefewerproblemsintheirlives;theyhavejustasmanydifficultsituationstofaceasanybodyelse.Theyarejustbetteratseeingthoseproblemsaschallengesandopportunitiestodeveloptheirowntalents.So,stopfocusingon“whosefaultitis.”O(jiān)nceyouareconfidentaboutyourpoweroverbadsituations,problemsarejuststeppingstoponforsuccess.9．ThisiswhatbeingawinnerWhenproblemsoccur,winnerstakethemas________.A．excusesfortheirfailuresB．barrierstogreaterpowerC．challengestotheircolleaguesD．chancesforself-developmentWhenproblemsoccur,winnerst

解析：事實細節(jié)題。由該段“Winnersdon‘thavefewerproblemsintheirlives;theyhavejustasmanydifficultsituationtofaceasanybodyelse”可知。答案：D解析：事實細節(jié)題。由該段“Winnersd10．Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?10．FoodsometimesgetspoisoneA．Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B．Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C．Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D．Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.解析：由該段中“Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly”可知。答案：BA．Foodwhenpoisonedcanmake11．Lisawasrunninglate.Lisa,25,hadalottodoatwork,plusvisitorsontheway,herparentswerecominginforThanksgivingfromherhometown.Butasshehurrieddownthesubwaystairs,shestartedtofeeluncomfortablywarn.Bythetimeshegottotheplatform,Lisafeltweakandtired－maybeithadn'tbeenagoodideatogivebloodthenightbefore,shethought.Sherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks.11．Lisawasrunninglate.LisaWhatwasthemostprobablecauseforLisa'sweakness?A．Shehadrunalongway.B．Shefelthotinthesubway.C．Shehaddonea1otofwork.D．Shehaddonatedbloodthenightbefore.Whatwasthemostprobablecau解析：事實細節(jié)題。由倒數(shù)第二句“Lisafeltweakandtired—maybeithadn'tbeenagoodideatogivebloodthenightbefore”可知。答案：D解析：事實細節(jié)題。由倒數(shù)第二句“Lisafeltweak12．Itwashardtolifther.Shewasjustout.Buthemanagedtoraiseherthefourfeettotheplatformsothatbystanderscouldholdherbythegrinsanddragherawayfromtheedge.ThatwaswhereLisabrieflyregainedconsciousness,feltherselfbeingpulledalongtheground,andsawsomeoneelseholdingherpurse.HowdidFranksaveLisa?A．Byliftinghertotheplatform.12．Itwashardt