2021年高考英語大一輪復習外研版必修

Module1OurBodyandHealthyHabitsI?閱讀理解A（2020?蚌埠模擬）KnowingwhichofthesestatementshavebeenprovedbySCIENCE—andwhichareMYTHS謬論）—couldimproveyourhealth.Herearesomehealthfactsyourdoctorwantsyoutoknow.Notallheartattackshaveasymptom（癥狀）ofchestpain.Truth!A2012studyofmorethan1.1millionheartattackpatientsfoundthat31percentofmenand42percentofwomendidn 'thaveanychestpainbeforebeinghospitalized.Call911forothersymptoms,too,includingshortnessofbreath,light-headedness,andpainelsewhereintheupperbody.Youdonotneedeightglassesofwatereveryday.Truth!Thereisnotanyscientificevidencethateightisthemagicnumber.Youmightneedmoreorlessthanthat,dependingonfactors（因素）suchasclimateandbodysize.Tomakesureyouaregettingenough,justdrinkwaterthroughouttheday.Youneedlesssleepasyougetolder.Myth!Olderadultsoftensleeplessasaresultofseriousconditionsthataremorecommonwithageaswellasthedrugsusedtotreatthem.Butthatdoesn'tmeantheyrequirelesssleep.Whilesleepneedsvaryfrompersontoperson,mostadultsshouldgetatleastsevenhoursofsleepforhealth.Readingindim（昏暗的）lightwillharmyoureyes.Myth!Itmighttireyoureyesintheshortterm,butthere'snoevidencethatitwilldoanylastingdamage.Whenreading,positionlighttoshinedirectlyonthepageratherthanfromoveryourshouldertoreduceunpleasantbrightlight.【文章大意】這是一篇應用文。作者在文中向大家分別澄清了四條傳言的真假,同時給出了科學的解釋。Whichofthefollowinghasbeenprovedtobetrue?

Youareinneedofmuchlesssleepasyougetolder.Readingindimlightdoeslastingdamagetoyoureyes.Someheartattacksdon 'thaveasymptomofchestpain.Youmustgetmorethaneightglassesofwatereveryday.【解析】選Co細節(jié)理解題。通過文中四個小標題及小標題下對應的“Truth!（事實）”“Myth!（虛構的事）”即可確定答案。第一個小標題“Notallheartattackshaveasymptomofchestpain.”意為:不是所有的心臟病都有胸痛的癥狀,也就是說有一些心臟病沒有胸痛的癥狀。故C選項正確。Accordingtothetext,whatmaybetheresultofusingdrugs?Heartattacks. B.Weakeyes.C.Lesssleep. D.Shortnessofbreath.【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三個小標題下“Olderadultsoftensleeplessasaresultofseriousconditionsthataremorecommonwithageaswellasthedrugsusedtotreatthem.”可知,年齡大一點的成年人常常睡得少,一方面是由更為常見的嚴重老年疾病導致的,一方面與用來治療這些疾病的藥物有關。由此可知,使用藥物有可能導致睡得少。故C選項正確。What'sthepurposeofthetext?Toinform. B.Toentertain.C.Toadvertise. D.Topraise.【解析】選A。寫作意圖題。由文章第一段中的“Herearesomehealthfactsyourdoctorwantsyoutoknow.（以下是一些醫(yī)生想要你知道的關于健康的事實。）”可知,這篇文章目的是想給大家普及一些健康知識。故 A選項正確。【知識拓展】長難句分析Olderadultsoftensleeplessasaresultofseriousconditionsthataremorecommonwithageaswellasthedrugsusedtotreatthem.分析:本句是主從復合句。thataremorecommonwithage是定語從句,修飾conditions;usedtotreatthem是過去分詞短語作后置定語,修飾drugs。翻譯:老年人經(jīng)常因為更為常見的嚴重老年疾病和治療這些疾病的藥物而睡眠不足。firefighterKangBfirefighterKangAfteramorninghikeintheSaneumHealingForest,46-year-oldByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga（瑜伽）,andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers.Heisoneof40firefighterstakingpartinathree-dayprogram,theaimofwhichistooffer“foresthealing”（森林治愈）;thefirefightersallhaveposttraumaticstressdisorder（創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙）.SaneumisoneofthreeofficialhealingforestsinRepublicofKorea.Soontherewillbe34more.RepublicofKoreans—manyofwhomsufferfromworkstress,digitaladdiction,andgreatacademicpressurehaveacceptedthemedicalizationofnaturewithgreatenthusiasm.Thereisincreasingevidencethatbeingoutsideinapleasantnaturalenvironmentisgoodforus.Buthowmanyofusgettoenjoynatureregularly?Fewerandfewer,it seems.AccordingtoLisaNisbet,apsychologyprofessoratCanada'sTrentUniversity,evidenceforthebenefitsofnatureispouringinatatimewhenwearemostdisconnectedfromit.“Wedon'tthinkofbeingoutdoorsasawaytoincreasehappiness,”saysNisbet.“Wethinkotherthingswill,likeshoppingorTV.”ButRepublicofKoreaisstartingtochallengethisopinion.SowhataresomeofthebenefitsofnaturethatNisbetrefersto?Beingsurroundedbynaturehasoneobviouseffect:Itcalmsusandreducesourstresslevels.Thishasbeenshowntolowerbloodpressureandheartrates.AnotherexperimentconductedbypsychologistStephenKaplanfoundthatpeoplewhotooka50-minutewalkinaparkhadbetterattentionandshort-termmemorythanthosewhotookawalkalongacitystreet.Perhapswhat'smoresurprisingisthatnaturemayalsomakeusmorecreative.DavidStrayer,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah,showedasmuchwithagroupofparticipants,whoperformed50percentbetteroncreativeproblem-solvingtasksafterthreedaysofwildernessbackpacking.Infact,wemayneverknowexactlywhatnaturedoestothebrain.Somethingmysteriouswillalwaysremain,andmaybethat 'sasitshouldbe.【文章大意】本文主要介紹了森林治愈和大自然對人類健康的作用。WhatisKangByoung-wookdoing?

Gettinglostinnature.Buildinguphisstrength.Tryingtocontrolaforestfire.Helpingfirefightersunderstress.【解析】選A。細節(jié)理解題。由第一段內(nèi)容 KangByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga,andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers可知,KangByoung-wook正在接受森林治愈:品茶、做瑜伽、做手工。他完全沉浸在大自然之中。故選A。WhatbenefitofnaturedidStephenKaplanfind?Itaffectspeople'sfeelings.Itlowerstherisksofdiseases.Ithelpsimprovementalperformance.Itdoesmoregoodthanphysicalexercise.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第三段中的 ...hadbetterattention andshort-termmemory...可知,StephenKaplan的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)親近大自然可以提高注意力和短期記憶力,也就是說提高了大腦的工作效率。故選 C。Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?YourlifeinforestsYourbrainonnatureThefutureofforesthealingThebenefitsofastress-freelife【解析】選B。標題歸納題。本文主要介紹了森林治愈和大自然對于人類健康尤其是大腦工作效率和減緩壓力方面的益處 ，故B項作標題最符合文章的主旨。故選 B。【知識拓展】佳詞積累sufferfrom遭受pressuren.壓力enthusiasm n.熱情降低血壓apleasantnaturalenvironment 令人愉快的自然環(huán)境降低血壓lowerbloodpressuren.完形填空AnoldgrandpaasordinaryasFatherBrownwillneverattractpeople'sattentionandinterest ineverydaylife.Whocanimaginethatunderhis1 appearaneeliesgreatwisdomandtalentforsolving2?FatherBrownisaCatholicpriestfromEngland.Heis3andfat,hasaroundanddullface,andeyesasemptyastheNorthSea.Healwayswears 4clothesandcarriesalargeumbrella. 5thismanunderstandspeoplewell.Whenhe 6acase,heuseshisinsightintohumannaturetoputhimselfinthe 7shoesandthenfindtherealcriminal. "Ihad8themallmyselfIhadplannedouteachofthecrimesvery9.AndwhenIfeltexactlylikehimmyself,ofcourseIknewwhohewas!”10Holmes,FatherBrownfocusesmoreon 11andpsychologicaltruthsratherthanscientific details.Onceheis12wherethemurdererwouldhidethebody,hethinkslikethis:ifa13 personwantstohidealeaf,whereshouldtheyhideit?Inthe14 !Ifthereisn't,hewould15one.That'showhesolvedacaseinwhichageneralsends800soldierstofightinawarjustto16_themurderofonesoldier.AlthoughFatherBrownhasasharpsenseforcrimes,healsohasa17heartforcriminals.Manytimeshedoesn 'tsendcriminalstocourt,butgetsthemto18_theirfaultsandtobeginanewlife.Asa 19 ,FatherBrownshowsgreatloveand20 .Maybeheisnottheretojudge,buttosavesouls.【文章大意】本文為記敘文。文中敘述了一位叫布朗的神父，在樸素的外表下，隱藏著偉大的智慧和破案的才華。 布朗神父對犯罪有敏銳的判斷力 ，但他對罪犯表現(xiàn)出極大的愛和寬恕讓他們改邪歸正，開始新的生活，以此來拯救他們的靈魂。A.handsome B.uglyC.plainD.outstanding【解析】選Cohandsome英俊的；ugly丑陋的；plain樸素的；outstanding杰出的。根據(jù)上一句"AnoldgrandpaasordinaryasFatherBrown 可知，他的外表是樸素的(plain), 故選Co2.A.crimesB.problemsC.puzzlesD.riddles解析】選A。crime罪行;problem問題;puzzle困惑;riddle謎語。根據(jù)下方的內(nèi)容可知,他利用自己的智慧找到了一些案件的罪犯,故此處“誰能想象樸素的外表下的他有偉大的智慧和破案的才能呢?”,solvecrimes可知,他利用自己的智慧找到了一些案件的罪犯,故此處“誰能想象樸素的外表下的他有偉大的智慧和破案的才能呢?”,solvecrimes譯為“破案”。故選A。3.A.strongB.tallC.shortD.healthy解析】選C。strong解析】選C。strong強壯的;tall高大的;short矮小的;healthy健康的。根據(jù)前文可知他是一個很普通的人，再根據(jù)后面的并列連詞 and及“fat,hasaroundanddullface,”此處是指“他又矮又胖”,故選C。4.A.well-ironedB.shapelessC.trendyD.stylish解析】選B。well-ironed face,”此處是指“他又矮又胖”,故選C。4.A.well-ironedB.shapelessC.trendyD.stylish解析】選B。well-ironed 熨燙平整的;shapeless不成形的;trendy時髦的;stylish時尚的。根據(jù)上文可知,A、C、D與前文描述“他的樸素、平凡”意義不符,此處是指“衣服不成形的(shapeless)”,即衣著隨意,故選B。5.A.SoB.AndC.ButD.Or解析】選C。根據(jù)前文的敘述可知他是個平凡的老爺爺,但卻很了解別人。由此可知前后意義是轉(zhuǎn)折的,故選C。6.A.getsthrough6.A.getsthroughB.looksintoC.searchesforD.listenstoC.searchesforD.listensto解析】選B。解析】選B。getthrough通過;lookinto調(diào)查;searchfor尋找;listento傾聽。本文講述的是他破案,本文講述的是他破案,可知,此處是指“當他調(diào)查(looksinto)案件時”,故選B。7.A.judge's7.A.judge'sB.God'sC.victim'sC.victim'sD.murderer【解析】選【解析】選D。此處是指“他利用對人性的洞察,把自己置于兇手的(murderer's)境地后找到真正的罪犯”“putoneselfinone'后找到真正的罪犯”“putoneselfinone'shoes”為固定搭配,意為“換位思考”選D。8.A.hiddenB.savedC.helpedD.killed解析】選D。hide隱藏;save8.A.hiddenB.savedC.helpedD.killed解析】選D。hide隱藏;save節(jié)約,拯救;help幫助;kill殺死。此處是指布朗想象自己就是罪犯,如同親手殺死(killed)他人一樣。故選D。A.carefullynervouslyA.carefullynervouslyD.casuallyhurriedlyD.casually意地。根據(jù)空后句子“當我覺得自己和殺人犯一模一樣的時候”，所以“我仔細地(carefully)計劃了每一件罪行”。故選 A。10.A.AsB.Unlike C.Like D.Despite【解析】選B。as作為;unlike不像,與 不同；like像;despite 盡管。根據(jù)后面的“FatherBrownfocusesmoreon andpsychologicaltruthsrather thanscientificdetails”可知，布朗神父與福爾摩斯不同(unlike), 故選B。11.A.spiritualB.accurateC.physicalD.fantasy【解析】選Aospiritual 精神上的；.accurate準確的；physical身體的；fantasy 幻想。根據(jù)并列連詞and,可知與“psychological”并列的只能是 spiritual( 精神上的),此處是指“與福爾摩斯不同，布朗神父更注重精神和心理上的真理 ，而不是科學細節(jié)”故選Ao12.A.agreeingonB.checkingonC.givingawayD.thinkingabout【解析】選D。根據(jù)空后的“wherethemurdererwouldhidethebody”以及后面的“whereshouldtheyhideit?”可知，此處是指“他考慮(thinkabout)兇手會把尸體臧在哪里”，故選Do13.A.cruelB.loyal C.smartD.calm【解析】選Cocruel殘忍的；loyal忠誠的；smart聰明的；calm冷靜的。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指“如果一個聰明(smart)人想把樹葉藏起來，他們應該把它藏在哪里？”，故選G14.A.desertB.forestC.oceanD.mountain【解析】選Bodesert沙漠；forest森林;ocean海洋；mountain山脈。根據(jù)語境可知，把東西藏起來，就是讓人找不到，因此把樹葉藏在森林(forest)里是很難找到的。故選 Bo15.A.findB.imagine C.make D.draw【解析】選Cofind發(fā)現(xiàn)；imagine設想；make制造；draw畫。分析語境可知，此處是指“如果沒有森林,那就造(make)一個”。故選G16.A.checkintoB.coverupC.searchintoD.fightfor【解析】選Bocheckinto檢查；coverup掩蓋;searchinto搜索;fightfor為爭取。分析語境可知，此處是指“一個將軍派遣 800名士兵參加一場戰(zhàn)爭，只是為了掩蓋(coverup)謀殺一名士兵”,故選B。A.soft B.warmC.brave D.normal【解析】選A。soft柔軟的，溫柔的；warm溫暖的；brave勇敢的；normal正常的。根據(jù)下文“很多時候，他沒有把罪犯送上法庭，而是讓他們改邪歸正，開始新的生活?！笨芍?他對罪犯也有一顆溫柔的(soft)心，故選A。A.admit B.realize C.find D.correct【解析】選Doadmit承認；realize意識到；find發(fā)現(xiàn)；correct改正。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指“讓他們改正自己的錯誤 ，開始新的生活”，故選D。A.judge B.policemanC.murderer D.priest【解析】選Dojudge法官；policeman警察;murderer殺人犯；priest 牧師。根據(jù)第二段第一句“FatherBrownisaCatholicpriestfromEngland. ”可知，他是一名牧師，故選DbA.courage B.forgivenessC.determination D.enthusiasm【解析】選Bocourage勇氣;forgiveness寬恕;determination 決心;enthusiasm熱情。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指“作為一名牧師，布朗神父表現(xiàn)出極大的愛和寬恕(forgiveness)。也許他不是在那里審判，而是去拯救靈魂”，故選B。川.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinaplans1. (build)orrenovateabout21,000toiletsattouristdestinationsnextyear,saidtheMinistryofCultureandTourism. moveispartofthe“toiletrevolution ”ongoinginChina'stourist industrysince2015thatbidstoprovidetourists3.modernandcleantoilets.AnnouncedataconferenceheldinsouthChina'sGuangdongProvinee, theministry saidthecountry4.(build)orupgradednearly24,000restroomsfor5. (tourist)thisyear,6. (include)about15,000initsless-developedcentralandwesternareas.Between20157. 2017,Chinainvested1.64billion yuan（aboutUS$237.8million）toinstallorrenovateover70,000toiletsfortourists,itsaid.8. （advanee）tec