(完整版)學術英語視聽說第二冊Lesson1

1ThePopulationTOPICPREVIEWBEFORELISTENINGLISTENINGAFTERLISTENINGEXPANSIONTravelersarriveatGrandCentralTerminalinNewYork.Answerthefollowingquestionswithapartneroryourclassmates.DothepeopleyouseeinthepictureherematchyourideaofthekindsofpeoplewholiveintheUnitedStates?Inwhatways?DoyouthinktherearemoreoldpeopleormoreyoungpeopleintheUnitedStates?WouldyouguessthattheU.S.populationhasincreasedordecreasedsincethecensusin2010?Why?VOCABULARYPREVIEWWordsandPhrasesthemajorityof…大多數??ontheaverage平均而言makeup組成medianage年齡中位數VOCABULARYPREVIEWReadthroughthesentencesbelow,inwhichsomewordsaremissingaccordingtothelecture.Asyouread,trytoimaginewhichwordswouldfitintheblanks.Thenlistentothesentencesandwritethemissingwordsintheblanks.AudioTrack2-1-1-a1.Mostcountriestakeacensusevery10yearsorsoinordertocountthepeopleandtoknowwheretheyareliving.2.Acountrywithagrowingpopulationisacountrythatisbecomingmorepopulous.3.Aperson’sraceispartlydeterminedbyskincolorandtypeofhairaswellasotherphysicalcharacteristics.4.ThemajorityoftheU.S.populationisofEuropeanorigin.5.Thegeographicaldistributionofacountry’spopulationgivesinformationaboutwherethepeopleareliving.6.ManydifferentkindsofpeoplecomprisethetotalU.S.population.Inotherwords,peopleofdifferentracesandagesmake

upthepopulation.

Readthroughthesentencesbelow,inwhichsomewordsaremissingaccordingtothelecture.Asyouread,trytoimaginewhichwordswouldfitintheblanks.Thenlistentothesentencesandwritethemissingwordsintheblanks.VOCABULARYPREVIEWAudioTrack2-1-1-b7.ThemedianageoftheU.S.population,whichisarelativelylargeone,hasbeengettingprogressivelyhigherrecently.8.Metropolitan

areasaremoredenselypopulatedthanruralareas.Thatis,theyhavemorepeoplepersquaremile.9.IwanttodiscussthedistributionoftheU.S.populationintermsofageandgender.10.Infact,statistically,womengenerallylivelongerthanmenworldwide.11.Acountrywhosebirthrateishigherthanitsdeathratewillhaveanincreasingpopulation.12.Ontheaverage,womenhaveahigherlifeexpectancythanmendo.

VOCABULARYPREVIEWCheckthespellingofthevocabularywordswithyourteacher.Discussthemeaningsofthesewordsandanyotherunfamiliarwordsinthesentences.1.Mostcountriestakeacensusevery10yearsorsoinordertocountthepeopleandtoknowwheretheyareliving.2.Acountrywithagrowingpopulationisacountrythatisbecomingmorepopulous.3.Aperson’sraceispartlydeterminedbyskincolorandtypeofhairaswellasotherphysicalcharacteristics.4.ThemajorityoftheU.S.populationisofEuropeanorigin.5.Thegeographicaldistributionofacountry’spopulationgivesinformationaboutwherethepeopleareliving.6.ManydifferentkindsofpeoplecomprisethetotalU.S.population.Inotherwords,peopleofdifferentracesandagesmake

upthepopulation.VOCABULARYPREVIEWCheckthespellingofthevocabularywordswithyourteacher.Discussthemeaningsofthesewordsandanyotherunfamiliarwordsinthesentences.7.ThemedianageoftheU.S.population,whichisarelativelylargeone,hasbeengettingprogressivelyhigherrecently.8.Metropolitan

areasaremoredenselypopulatedthanruralareas.Thatis,theyhavemorepeoplepersquaremile.9.IwanttodiscussthedistributionoftheU.S.populationintermsofageandgender.10.Infact,statistically,womengenerallylivelongerthanmenworldwide.11.Acountrywhosebirthrateishigherthanitsdeathratewillhaveanincreasingpopulation.12.Ontheaverage,womenhaveahigherlifeexpectancythanmendo.PREDICTIONSThinkaboutthequestionsintheTopicPreviewandthesentencesyouheardintheVocabularyPreview.Writethreequestionsthatyouthinkwillbeansweredinthelecture.Shareyourquestionswithyourclassmates.DothepeopleyouseeinthepictureherematchyourideaofthekindsofpeoplewholiveintheUnitedStates?Inwhatways?DoyouthinktherearemoreoldpeopleormoreyoungpeopleintheUnitedStates?WouldyouguessthattheU.S.populationhasincreasedordecreasedsincethecensusin2010?Why?NOTETAKINGPREPARATIONNumberNotation

Duringalecture,youwillsometimesneedtowritedownmanynumbers.Theymaybeexpressedaswholenumbers,percentages,fractions,orratios.Herearesomewaystowritethemasnumeralswhenyouaretakingnotes.Wholenumbers:thirty-sevenmillionFractions:fourhundredandninety-fivethousandthree-fourths,three-quarterstwo-thirdsoneandahalfPercentages:thirteenpointfourpercentzeropointninepercentRatios:twooutoften37mill.or37M495,000or495thouor495K3/42/311/213.4%0.9%2:10or2/10NOTETAKINGPREPARATIONListeningforKeyContentWords

Usekeywordstowritedowntheessentialinformationinalecture.Itisneitherpossiblenornecessarytowriteeverywordyouhear.Herearesometipsforchoosingkeywords.Concentrateoncontentwords:nouns,verbs,adjectives,andadverbs.Choosethemostimportantwordstoconveythemeaninginthefewestwordspossible.Forexample,youhearYoumayalsochoosetoputsomeinformationinyourownwords.Forexample,insteadofwritingconformitytosocialnorms,youmightwritesocialconformity.Culturally,threecharacteristicsstandoutinthisperiod:conformitytosocialnorms,greatermaledominationofthefamilythaninthelaterperiods,andverycleargenderroles,thatis,clearandseparaterolesformenandwomenathomeandatwork.Youwrite3characteristics:socialconformity,maledomination&cleargenderroles@home&workNOTETAKINGPREPARATIONYouwillheartennumbers.Asyoulisten,writetheminnotetakingforminthespacesbelow.27mill.or27m31/22:10or2/100.2%80.8%75.7%1/2145,000or145thouor145k0.9%9:10or9/10AudioTrack2-1-2

NOTETAKINGPREPARATION

DiscourseCues

Numberthefollowingexcerptsfromthelecturefrom1to5intheorderthatyouthinkyouwillprobablyhearthem,andwritethenumberonthelineprovidedbeforeeachcorrespondingexcerpt.Discusswithapartnerorasaclassthediscoursecuesthathelpedyoufigureouttheorder.31245Anotherwayoflookingatthepopulationisbygeographicaldistribution.Todaywe’regoingtotalkaboutpopulationintheUnitedStates.Firstofall,let’stakealookatthepopulationbyraceandorigin.Now,tofinishupthissectionongeographicaldistribution,considerthatabout83percentofthepeopleliveinmetropolitanareas.Beforewefinishtoday,IwanttodiscussthedistributionoftheU.S.populationintermsofageandgender.

FIRSTLISTENINGListentothebeginningofthelecture.Circlethesetofnotesbelowthatbestrecordstheinformationyouhear.a.PopofUS2010,309M(27Mmoresince2000)US3rdmostpopinwrldmostPRCh,2ndIndia,4Indonesia,5Brazil,6PakistanUSpop–lookat3waysRace&origin–%wht/blk/etc;wherefrGeog.distrib–whereliveAge&

genderb.USgov’tcensus2010USpop=309M–27Mmore2000US3rdmostpopinwrld1stChina2ndIndia4th5th6th–IndonesiaBrazil

PakistanInnotes–1stpopbyraceandorigin,2ndbygeographicaldistribution,lastbyageandgenderAudioTrack2-1-3FIRSTLISTENINGNowlistenandtakenotes.Clickheretolistentotheintroductionofthelecture.Clickthelecture’svisualaidsinthefollowingtolistentodifferentpartsofthelectureandtakenotes.AndatlastyoucanlistentothewholelecturebyclickingthebuttonunderAudioTrack2-1-4.AudioTrack2-1-4Subtopic3:PopulationbyAgeandGenderSubtopic1:PopulationbyRaceandOriginSubtopic2:PopulationbyGeographicalDistributionSECONDLISTENINGListentothelectureagainandmakeyournotesascompleteaspossible.72.4%ofpop:white,12.6%black,4.8%Asian,NtvHwn&pacfcislanders0.2%,NtvAm0.9%,2.9%mixof2/>races,6.2%smothrace,Hisp16.3%Subtopic1:PopulationbyRaceandOriginAudioTrack2-1-4-aSECONDLISTENINGListentothelectureagainandmakeyournotesascompleteaspossible.AudioTrack2-1-4-bSubtopic2:PopulationbyGeographicalDistributionCA>37m,TEX>25m,NY>19m,FL~19m,ILL~13m.>50%popinS&W,Emoredense83%pplliveinmetrareas,e.g.LA,NY,Chicg&Huston<2:10liveinruralareasSECONDLISTENINGListentothelectureagainandmakeyournotesascompleteaspossible.AudioTrack2-1-4-cSubtopic3:PopulationbyAgeandGender2010census:5m+W>MinUSReasons:M:↑deathrt;2010:lifeexpW=80.8yrs,M=75.7yrs

WlivlongerthanMwrldwide.2011:avrglifexpwrld69=F,65=MLifexpinoth5mstpopcountries:Ch~75yrs,Ind67,Indnsia71,Br72.5,Pkst70MedageUSpop:↑35.3in2000–37.2in2010,↑slowbutsteadyReason:↓birthrt+↑lifexpwhlpopTHIRDLISTENINGYouwillhearpartofthelectureagain.Listenandcompletethenotesbyaddingtheinformationfromthebox.19M-2:10popmetroTEXW.5mostpopstates:CA37M+;TEX25M+;NY19M+;FL19M–;ILL13M-50%+popinS.&W.ButE=moredensepop-83%inmetroareas(LA,NY,Chicago,Houston)<2:10inruralareas

AudioTrack2-1-5

THIRDLISTENINGCompareyouranswerswithapartner.ThencomparethenotesinAwiththenotesyoutookforthispartofthelecture.Listentothefollowingquestions,andwriteshortanswers.Useyournotes.Youwillheareachquestiononetimeonly.ACCURACYCHECKAudioTrack2-1-6China&India309MHispanicsTEXS.&W.2:105M+5yrs37.2–35.3=1.9yrs↓birthrtand↑lifeexp

Checkyouranswerswithyourteacher.Ifyourscoreislessthan70percent,youmayneedtolistentothelectureagainandrewritesomeofyournotes.ACCURACYCHECKAudioTrack2-1-6Useyournotestocreateanoralsummaryofthelecturewithyourpartner.Asyouworktogether,adddetailstoyournotesthatyourpartnerincludedbutyouhadmissedout.ORALSUMMARYDiscussthefollowingquestionswithaclassmateorinasmallgroup.DISCUSSIONWhatpointsinthelecturesurprisedyou?Why?InwhatwaysdoyouthinktheU.S.populationwillchangeinthefuture?Whatpopulationproblemsdoothercountriesyouknowaboutface,forexample,intermsofraces,age,ornumberofmalesandfemales?Whatpopulationissuesmightbecomemoreimportantastheworldmovestowardapopulationof8billionpeople?PRE-READINGThefollowingReadingisaboutpopulationtrends.Beforeyouread,answerthefollowingquestions.Shareyouranswerswithaclassmate.ThelecturewasabouttheU.S.population.Lookatthetitleofthearticle.Whatpopulationwillitbeabout?Howdoyouthinktheauthorseesthatpopulationchanging?InwhatwaysdoyouthinkworldwidepopulationtrendsmightbesimilartoU.S.populationtrends?Inwhatwaysmighttheydiffer?READINGNowreadthearticle.Asof2009,therewere6.8billionpeopleintheworld.Thisistwicethenumberofthepopulationin1960,andfourtimesasmanyas100yearsago.Asaresult,moreandmoreplacesontheglobeareincrediblycrowded.Thisisespeciallytrueofcitiesalongthecoasts,wheremoreandmorepeoplearesettling.YetafullcitytodaycanmeananemptyvillageCrowdingOurPlanetREADINGortownacrossthecountry,orontheothersideoftheworld.Ourgrowthhastakenplaceinsurprisingways.Thehumanpopulationcontinuestoexpandbymorethan200,000peopleeveryday.Therearemorethan1billionteenagersintheworldtodaywhowillsoonbehavingchildren.Asaresult,wecanexpecttheboominbirthstocontinueforalongtime.TheUNestimatesthattheglobalpopulationwillreach9.2billionbythemiddleofthiscentury.Eventhatenormousnumbermaybetoosmall,however,sinceitisbasedonthetheorythatfamilysizeswilldropthroughoutdevelopingregions—atheorythatmaynotturnouttobetrue.FromthecrowdedstreetsofLagosandMumbai(Bombay),tothesuburbsoftheUnitedStates,todisappearingtropicalforestsaroundtheworld,theharmfuleffectsofmorepeoplethantheplanetcancomfortablysupportareobviousalmostanywherewelook.READINGNotallcountriesgrowthesame,ofcourse.Almostalloftheexpectedpopulationincreaseinthenearfuturewillcomeindevelopingcountries.IntheadvancedeconomiesinmuchofEurope,however,whererapidgrowthstartedwiththeindustrialrevolutiontwocenturiesago,andinKorea,Japan,andelsewhere,nationalpopulationsarestableor,insomecases,areevengettingsmaller.Thisbringschallengesofitsown,asnewergenerationsstruggletocareforandsupporttheirelders.Humanityisalsoonthemoveasneverbefore.Morethan3percentofREADINGtheglobalpopulation—morethan200millionpeople—liveoutsidetheircountryofbirth.Manymillionsmorehavemoved,orbeenmoved,withintheirhomeborders.Ournumbersandourmobility,togetherwithimprovedcommunication,allmakeEarthseemsmaller,evenasourimpactonitgrowslargereveryday.Ifwearetopreservethebiologicalwealthofourplanetandincreasethewell-beingofitspeople,wemustfirstunderstandhowandwhyourownpopulationischanging.DISCUSSIONDiscussthesequestionswithaclassmate.Basedonwhatyouknow,whichcountriesorregionsmentionedinthearticlehavepopulationsthataremostsimilartothepopulationoftheUnitedStates?Whicharetheleastsimilar?WhichoftheU.S.populat