高中英語人教版一輪學(xué)案選擇性Unit1ScienceFiction

選擇性必修第四冊Unit1ScienceFiction主題語境：人與社會(科技與創(chuàng)新)【話題詞匯】n.創(chuàng)新；革新n.硬件；硬設(shè)備n.數(shù)據(jù)庫4.e-bookn.電子書n.密碼n.智能adj.自動的vt.安裝vt.上傳10.calculatevt.計算11.browsevt.瀏覽12.reliableadj.可信賴的；可信任的13.portableadj.可攜帶的14.digitaladj.數(shù)字的；數(shù)碼的15.intelligentadj.智能的；有才智的16.manualadj.手工的；手動的【話題短語】in/on登陸off/out退出thedata存儲數(shù)據(jù)down/off關(guān)閉；關(guān)機down系統(tǒng)癱瘓intelligence(AI)人工智能informationsuperhighway信息高速公路abreakthrough突破Technology信息技術(shù)control遠程遙控【話題佳句】2015,ChinesescientistTuYouyouwontheNoblePrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineduetothegreatbreakthroughshehadmadeinmedicine。由于在醫(yī)學(xué)方面取得巨大突破，中國科學(xué)家屠呦呦2015年獲得了諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎。thefirstspaceshipwaslaunched,somesci-finovelsandthespacetoyshavebeenlaunchedoneafteranother.自從第一艘宇宙飛船發(fā)射以來，一些科幻小說和太空玩具也陸續(xù)上市。thenearestfuture,socialrobotswillgaingreaterpopularityamongyoungpeople.在不遠的將來，社交機器人將在年輕人中越來越受歡迎。【話題練習(xí)】needtokeyinyourpasswordtologin/on.你需要輸入密碼才能登錄。recentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofthetechnology,the3Dprintinghasmadeahugebreakthroughinthefieldofmedicalandeducation.近年來，隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展，3D打印已率先在教育、醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域獲得應(yīng)用上的突破。Ⅰ.重點單詞1．________n.小說；虛構(gòu)故事2．________vt.讓(某人)離開；解散；解雇；消除3．________vt.表明；宣稱；公布4．________vt.&vi.假設(shè)；假定5．________vt.計算；核算；預(yù)測6．________adj.更好的；占優(yōu)勢的7．________n.勞動(者)；體力勞動vi.奮斗；努力工作8．________n.分開；分離；差異；除(法)9．________n.強烈的欲望；沖動vt.催促；力勸；大力推薦10．________vt.&vi.爆炸；爆破11．________n.莊嚴(yán)；莊重；尊嚴(yán)12．________n.約會；預(yù)約；委任Ⅱ.拓展單詞1．a(chǎn)ppointvt.&vi.委派；任命→________n．約會；預(yù)約；委任2．declarevt.表明；宣稱；公布→________n．(納稅品等的)申報；宣布；公告；申訴書3．presumevt.&vi.假設(shè)；假定→________adj.假定的；推測的→________n．放肆，傲慢；推測4．calculatevt.&vi.集中；聚集→________n．計算器→________n．計算；估計；計算的結(jié)果；深思熟慮5．a(chǎn)ctvt.&vi.行動；表現(xiàn)；起作用；扮演(角色)→________n．男/女演員→________n．行為；行動；活動→________adj.積極的；活躍的；主動的；有效的；現(xiàn)役的→________n．活動；行動；活躍6．dividevt.&vi.(使)分開；分成；除→________n．分開；分離；差異；除(法)7．urgen．沖動vt.催促；力勸→________adj.緊急的，急迫的→________adv.緊急地，急迫地→________n．緊急；催促；緊急的事8．explodevt.&vi.爆炸；爆破→________n．爆炸→________adj.爆炸性的；爆發(fā)性的；n.炸藥；爆炸物9．staten．國家；州；情境；vt.規(guī)定；聲明；陳述→________n．聲稱；聲明；陳述→________n．夸大；夸張10．maxn．最大量；最大樹→________vt.使……最大化，充分利用→________n．最大值；adj.最大極限的；最高的聯(lián)想拓展男性/女性同一職業(yè)寫法不同的詞：①actor/actress②waiter/waitress③host/hostess④god/goddess⑤prince/princess-de結(jié)尾動詞變成名詞時后綴為-sion的詞：①explode－explosion②decide－decision③conclude－conclusion④include－inclusion⑤exclude－exclusionⅢ.核心短語1．________________科幻小說2．________________檢測；測試3．________________更像是；更接近4．________________根據(jù)；以……的方式(基準(zhǔn))5．________________事物的利與弊；支持與反對6．________________比……更好；更勝一籌7．________________占上風(fēng)；取而代之；接管；接手8．________________與……沖突或抵觸9．________________關(guān)掉；熄滅；在場；使朝外；結(jié)果是10．________________(逐漸)減少；消失11．________________有強烈的欲望做某事聯(lián)想拓展out的短語薈萃①testout檢測；測試②turnout朝外；結(jié)果是③cutout切斷；刪除；停止④runout用光；耗盡⑤letout釋放；泄漏⑥eout出版；開花；結(jié)果是⑦giveout分發(fā)；釋放“have＋a/an＋noun”短語薈萃①haveanurgeto有強烈的欲望做某事②haveapreferencefor對……有偏愛③haveapassionfor對……有熱情④haveatalent/giftfor對……有天賦Ⅳ.重點句型1．it作形式主語的主語從句_________________________helookedsohuman.(課本P2)機器人如此通人性，這使她心煩和害怕。2．“therebe”句型的變形Assheturnedaround,________________GladysClaffern.(課本P2)她剛一轉(zhuǎn)過身來，就看到格拉迪絲·克拉芬站在那兒。3．Itis/was...that強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)________atteno'clocktoday________thefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.(課本P8)就在十點整，第一個時間機器開始工作了。Attimesshe________________________________(有人看到她騎著毛驢)adonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.高頻考點探究Ⅰ.核心詞匯1．a(chǎn)ppointmentn．約會；預(yù)約；委任【典型例句】Ms.Paynesaidshewashonouredtoaccepttheappointmentandlookedforwardtoitschallenges.佩恩女士說她很榮幸接受這一任命，并期待著它所帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。(1)have/makeanappointmentwithsb.和某人約好……(2)appointvt.任命；委派；指定；預(yù)約appointsb.(as)sth./sb.beappointedassth.委任某人……職位appointsb.todosth.指定某人做某事(3)theappointedtime指定時間【練透考點】單句語法填空①I'dlovetomakean________(appoint)withDr.White.②Tom_________(appoint)asmanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotaketheplaceofGeorge.③Resultsmayberealizedatthe________(appoint)time.【佳句背誦】[2020·全國卷Ⅰ應(yīng)用文寫作]Theparticipants,eagerandenergetic,gatheredtogetherattheappointedtime,andthrowthemselvesforwardsfromthestartinglinelikearrowsattheschoolgateat7：00am.興奮而又充滿活力的參賽者在指定時間集合，于早上7：00從校門口出發(fā)。2．declarevt.表明；宣稱；公布【典型例句】Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday.她聽托尼說他明天并不想離開她。(1)declarewaron向……宣戰(zhàn)declareindependence/bankrupt宣布獨立/破產(chǎn)(2)declare...(tobe/as)．..宣布……成為……(3)declarefor/against表示贊成/反對(4)declarationn.聲稱；聲明theDeclarationofIndependence《獨立宣言》【練透考點】單句語法填空①Ifnothing________(declare),youcangothroughthegreenchannel.②Britaindeclaredwar________GermanyafterGermanyinvadedPolandinSeptember1939.③Whenexpressinghisopinion，hedeclared________thepolicy，becausehethoughtitcouldbeofgreatbenefittotheeconomy.【佳句背誦】Mydesireistoworkinatechnologygiantasaprogramdesigner.MyparentsdonotdeclarefortheideathatIshouldworkinatechnologygiantasaprogrammer,becausetheyconcernthatImaytaketoomuchpressure.我的愿望是去一家科技巨頭擔(dān)任程序員，但是我的父母不同意我的觀點，因為他們擔(dān)心我會承擔(dān)太大的壓力。3．superioradj.上級的；優(yōu)秀的n．上級，長官；優(yōu)勝者【典型例句】Insci-fistories,robotsoftenbeesuperiorandtakeover.在科幻故事中，機器人往往凌駕于人類并接管世界。(1)besuperior/inferiorto...比……高級/低級(2)superiorintelligence更強的智力thesuperiorteam更優(yōu)秀的隊伍besuperiorinnumber數(shù)量上占優(yōu)【巧學(xué)速記】自身含有比較意義的形容詞(這些形容詞沒有比較級和最高級)superior更高級的；上級的inferior更低級的；下級的senior年長的；高級的；地位較高的Junior年少的；低級的；地位較低的【練透考點】單句語法填空/完成句子①Amywaschosenforthepositionbecauseshewasfarsuperior________anyothercandidate.②Notonlywasourdefectrate________(low),butthearchitectureanddesignwere________(super)．③Itisthe________________(更強的智力)andtheuseoflanguagethatdistinguishmanfromtheotheranimals.4．urgen．強烈的欲望；沖動vt.催促；力勸；大力推薦【典型例句】Ihadastrongurgetolookattherandomthingsthatwerebeingflashedbeforemyeyes.我迫切想看在我眼前一閃而過的這些東西。(1)haveanurgetodosth.迫切想做某事(2)urgesth./sb.on催促某物/某人前進urgesb.todo/intodoingsth.催促某人做某事urgethat...(should)dosth.極力主張；強調(diào)……Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.堅決要求……(3)urgentadj.緊急的；迫切的(4)urgencyn.緊急情況【巧學(xué)速記】以-ent結(jié)尾的adj.變成名詞時需要變成-ency結(jié)尾的詞：urgent→urgencyfluent→fluencyfrequent→frequencyemergent→emergency【練透考點】單句語法填空/同義轉(zhuǎn)換①Therefugeesintheflood-hitareaarein________(urge)needoffood,medicineandshelters.②Itisstronglyurgedthatthelibrary________(keep)openduringthevacation.③Thereisanincreasingnumberofcitizens________(urge)thegovernmentinto________(do)moreforthedisabled.④Organizeyourgoalsbasedontwocriteria—thedegreeof________(urge)andimportance.隨著期末考試的來臨，老師敦促我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。⑤Ourteacher_________________withthefinalexamdrawingnear.⑥Ourteacherurges_________________withthefinalexamdrawingnear.⑦Ourteacherurges________________，asthefinalexamisdrawingnear.【佳句背誦】Althoughherdescriptionsoundedwonderful,thepricewasbeyondourrange,sowedeclined.Butshekepturgingustohavealookatleast.雖然她的描述聽著不錯，但是價格超出了我們的能力范圍，所以我們拒絕了。但是她極力勸說我們至少看一看。Ⅱ.核心短語5．ona．..basis根據(jù)；以……的方式【教材原句】Moneypaidforworkorservice,typicallyonadailyorweeklybasis.按日或是周結(jié)算的工資。(1)onadaily/weeklybasis每天/每周onaregularbasis＝regularly有規(guī)律地(2)basevt.以……為根據(jù)n.基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)base...on...以……為根據(jù)/基礎(chǔ)bebasedon/upon以……為基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù)(3)beonthebasisof...以……為基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù)basicallyadv.基本上，大體上【練透考點】單句語法填空①________(base)onemotion，youwillnevermakeanywisedecision.②Withourknowledge________(base)onpractice，wecanmakegreatcontributionstoourcountry.③[2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達]First，heshowedusthe________(base)stepsandskillsofpaper-cutting.【寫作金句】Justasthesayinggoes，“Onetreedoesn'tmakeaforest.”；oursuccessisbasedon/uponcooperatingwithothers.常言道，獨木不成林。我們的成功建立在與他人合作的基礎(chǔ)上。6．takeover占上風(fēng)；取而代之；接管【典型例句】Insci-fistories,robotsoftenbeesuperiorandtakeover.在科幻故事中，機器人往往凌駕于人類并接管世界?！就卣寡由臁縪ver短語總結(jié)takeover接管；獲得對……的控制或管理handover交出；移交turnover反復(fù)思考；翻閱dropover順便來訪pullover靠邊停車getover克服；恢復(fù)過來blowover吹散；平息；淡忘【練透考點】用以上over的動詞短語填空①HenoticedamanbehindhiminablueFordgesticulatingto________.②NowI'll________anewleafandhaveafamily.③Ittookmeaverylongtimeto________theshockofherdeath.④Rumoursarerumours.Itwillsoon________.⑤________toourhouseforavisitandhaveadrinksometime.7．orrather更確切地說(插入語)【典型例句】SoClaireborrowedsomelibrarybooksforhimtoread,orrather,toscan.所以，克萊爾借了一些圖書館的書讓他讀，或者更確切的說，去掃描。(1)orrather＝morespecifically更確切地說(插入語)(2)rather＝onthecontrary相反的(3)ratherthan(前后連接形式一致，to可省略)而不是【練透考點】用rather，orrather和ratherthan完成下列句子：①Somealsoblametheirparents—theirgenes.Butunfortunately,theparentsarewrongedbecausetheyarenormalinshape,________，slim.②[2015·福建完形]Shelearnedtoappreciatelife________judgeeverythingsoharshly.③Facinguptoyourproblem________runningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.【寫作金句】Shedidn'tloseheart.Rather,itmadeherfallinlovewithdanceanddeterminedtobeeasuccessfuldisableddancer.她并沒有失去信心。反而，這讓她愛上了舞蹈并決心成為一名成功的殘疾舞蹈家。Ⅲ.典型句式精析8．Itwasdisturbingandfrighteningthathelookedsohuman.機器人如此通人性，這使她覺得心煩和害怕。(P4)【句型公式】“Itbe＋adj.＋that從句”是固定句式，其中it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句。it作形式主語的常用句式：(1)Itbe＋形容詞(obvious，possible，strange，natural，important...)＋that從句(2)Itbe＋名詞短語(apity，afact，awonder，ashame，anhonour，nowonder...)＋that從句【語境速測】單句語法填空①Is________surprisinghowquicklychildrencangetusedtoanewenvironment?②Itisobvioustothestudents________theymakegoodpreparationsfortheingexaminations.③________isapitythatJohnandBillcan'tmakeittothehousewarmingparty.④AfterIarrivedinAmerica,Ifoundmyself________(live)inapletelyforeignculture.【寫作金句】It'smygreathonortoinformyouthatthisyear'smusicfestivalwillbeheldshortly.很榮幸告知您，今年的音樂節(jié)即將于近期舉辦。9．Itwasatteno'clocktodaythatthefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.就是在晚上十點時，第一臺時間機器開始運轉(zhuǎn)。(P8)【詞塊必記】Itis/was...that/who強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，把需要強調(diào)的成分放到此結(jié)構(gòu)中，作為強調(diào)的部分。Itis/was...that/who強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)有如下幾個變形：(1)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who...(2)一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Is/Wasit＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who...?(3)特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞＋is/wasit＋that...?(4)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/wasnotuntil＋被強調(diào)部分＋that...【思維拓展】notuntil結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝：在not...until...句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以把notuntil提到句首，此時主句用部分倒裝語序。如：[2017·天津卷]Ididn'tpursuemycareerasanactressuntilIfinishedmystudies.＝Itwasn'tuntilIfinishedmystudiesthatIpursuedmycareerasanactress.(強調(diào)句型)＝NotuntilIfinishedmystudiesdidIpursuemycareerasanactress.(倒裝句型)【語境速測】單句語法填空/同義轉(zhuǎn)換①Itwasnotuntilyesterday________Iknewmysisterwasadmittedtoakeyuniversity.②Hedidn'trealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglishwelluntilhewenttoAmericaasanexchangestudent.轉(zhuǎn)換成Itis/was……that強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【寫作金句】AlthoughIhadmadefullpreparationsbeforeIlefthometostudyinanewschool,Igotthroughmanydifficulties.Whilestudyingintheschool，Isometimesgottiredofthenewschoollife.Itwasmyteacher'sencouragementthataddedtomyconfidenceandhelpedmegetalongwellwithmystudies.盡管離家上學(xué)前我已經(jīng)做好了充足準(zhǔn)備，但是我還是遇到了很多困難。在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)期間，我有時會對新學(xué)校的生活感到厭倦。是老師的鼓勵增強了我的信心讓我在學(xué)業(yè)上取得進步。Ⅰ.高考能力同步化——單句語法填空/單詞拼寫1．[2020·浦東新區(qū)高考英語一模]WhentheRosenthalCenteropenedin2003,HerbertMuschamp,thearchitecturecritic(評論家)________(declare)it“themostimportantAmericanbuildingtobepletedsincetheendofthecoldwar”．2．[2020·江蘇卷]WhenWilsonheatedit,thecontainer________(explode),leavingWilsonblindedinbotheyes.3．[2019·天津卷]Anearly-warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalancebysignalingthe________(urge)needfortakingpreventiveaction.4．[2020·全國卷Ⅰ]Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingat________paceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour.5．[2019·天津卷]________(calculate)biologicalage,ProfessorLevineatYaleUniversityidentifiedninebiomarkers(生物標(biāo)志)thatseemedtobethemostinfluentialonlifespanbyasimplebloodtest.6．Ifyoutrythosesuggestionsanddon'tseeanyimprovement,schedulean________(appoint)withyourprimarydoctor.7．Helen,far________(super)toanyothercandidate,waschosenasthemanageroftheR&Ddivisionsofaninternationalchemicalpany.8．Thesatelliteenablesus_________(calculate)theirpreciselocationanywhereintheworld.9．Iusedtothinkthattheflyingcarwasar________idea.However,IchangedmymindthismorningwhenIsatinheavytraffic.10．Researchfoundthatmenconsistentlyo________theirowncontributiontodomesticresponsibilitiesandunderestimatethatoftheirwives.Ⅱ.必備知識試題化——選詞填空testout；haveanurgeto；onaregularbasis；takeover；besuperiorto1．Ifyouwanttokeepfit,youshouldnotonlyworkout________________，butalsokeepabalanceddiet.2．Trynottoletnegativethoughts________________.3．Ifyou're________________changethewaythisworldisrightnowthen,useyourvaluableknowledgetomakeadifference.4．Thehumanmindwillalways_________________machinesbecausemachinesareonlytoolsofhumanminds.5．Thenewhouseholdrobot,intendedforthosewholivealoneandhavenointerestincooking,hasn'tbeen_________.Ⅲ.教材語篇高考化——語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AhouseholdrobotnamedTony(test)outinLarry'sfamily.Helookedlikeatallhandsomemansmoothblackhair,(speak)inadeepvoice.Larrywasgoingtobeawayfromhomefortwoweeks.ToacpanywifeClaire,hesentTonytohishome.ReluctantasClairewas,sheagreedtoitatlast.AtherfirstsightofTony,Clairewasalarmed.WhenTonyofferedtohelpherdressing,Clairefeltembarrassed.5．________(gradual),TonybegantowinClaire'strust.HehelpedClairemakeherdreamsetruemakingherhomeelegant,givingheranewhaircut,changingthemakeupsheworeandgivingheradviceonherdresses.，atthepartyalltheguestswereinvitedwerefilledwith(admire)whentheysawherhousewaspletelychanged.Afterthetest,thepanywassatisfiedwithTony'sreporthehadsuccessfullymadeawomanregainherconfidence.假定你是李華。隨著科技的發(fā)展，微信支付寶等電子支付方式盛行的同時，電子紅包在中國也逐漸成為一種常見的交際方式。請給你的美國朋友Peter寫一封信，介紹有關(guān)情況。要點包括：1．電子紅包特點；2．電子紅包的使用途徑和方式；3．參與人群；4．你的看法。注意：1．詞數(shù)80左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Step1斟酌打磨豐富句式1．精挑細選——核心詞匯想周全①________________隨著……的發(fā)展②________________充分利用③________________以這種方式④________________沉迷于……⑤________________有正面/負(fù)面影響2．遣詞造句——句式升級是亮點句式翻譯：①隨著科技的發(fā)展，電子紅包，一種節(jié)日中來自親戚朋友的祝福，變得越來越受歡迎。Scienceandtechnologydevelopquickly.E-hongbao,akindofblessingsfromandtorelativesandfriendsduringfestivalsoronspecialoccasions,isbeingmoreandmorepopularinChina.(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________②因此，我們需要完善電子紅包系統(tǒng)的規(guī)章制度，以保證其正常運行。Soweneedtoimproverulesandregulationsregardingthee-hongbaosystemtoguaranteeitsoperation.(嘗試使用被動語態(tài))→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Step2邏輯銜接連句成文DearPeter，________________________________，e-hongbao,akindofluckymoneyfromandtorelativesandfriendsduringfestivalsoronspecialoccasions,isbeingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Formanysocialmediausers,grabbinge-hongbaoontheirsmartphonesis____________________.Inthepast,eldersgaveluckymoneyinredpaperstochildren.However,overhalfofthepeoplesendinge-hongbaothroughWeChatorAlipay.It'squiteapopularmeansofentertainmentduringtheSpringFestivalforfunorgivingbestwishes,________________________thesumofmoney_________________________.________________，I'mconcernedaboutthesafetyofon-linepayment.So________________________regardingthee-hongbaosystemtoguaranteeitsoperation.You