2023新教材高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)層級(jí)二巧練板塊組合50分閱讀理解提分練四

分閱讀理解提分練(四)閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A[2022·廣州市高三年級(jí)調(diào)研測(cè)試]Enteringadulthoodisanimportantstepineveryone'slife.Itmeansthatayoungpersonmustsoonleavechildishnessbehindandstarttoshouldergrown-upresponsibilities.InGermany,“Jugendfeier”isacoming-of-ageceremonyfor14-year-olds.Theygotoschooltopreparefortheoccasion,studyinglessonswithtopicslikeculturalrespectandsocialresponsibility,whichwillhelpthembecomeworthycitizens.Thehopeisthattheyoungpeopletakingpartintheceremonywilltakeonthesevaluesforthemselves.InLatinAmerica,a“quincean～era”isacelebrationforgirlsontheir15thbirthday,markingagirl'sentryintowomanhood.Inthepast,a“quincean～era”wasintendedtoreadygirlsformarriageandtheyweretaughtcooking,sewingandotherhouseholdskillsinpreparation.Today,it'ssimilartohowone's18thbirthdayisconsideredanimportantdayinothercultures.InIndia,thesacredthreadceremonyisperformedwhenaboyisgrown-up.Heisgiventhreesacredthreadsrepresentingthreepromiseshemakes:torespectknowledge,torespecthisparentsandtorespectsociety.Aftertheceremony,theboy,traditionally,leaveshisfamilytolivewithaguru(teacher).Atthispointtheboybecomes“twiceborn”—firsthisphysicalbirthandsecondhisintellectualbirththroughtheteacher'scare.InVanuatu,youngboyscomeofagebyjumpingoffa98-foot-talltowerwithabungee-likeropetiedtotheirankles,justbarelypreventingthemfromhittingtheground.Attheceremony,theboy'smotherwillholdsomethingrepresentinghischildhood,andafterthejumptheitemwillbethrownaway,representingtheendofchildhood.Heisnowaman,readytoprotectthefamily.1．Whatisthesharedexpectationofthefourcoming-of-ageceremonies?A．Havingrespectforknowledge.B．Gettingreadytoraiseafamily.C．Acquiringcross-culturalawareness.D．Developingasenseofresponsibility.2．WhichappmightappealtopeopleenteringadulthoodinGermany?3．Inwhichplacearethingswithspecialmeaningsgiventotheyoungattendants?A．Germany.B．LatinAmerica.C．India.D．Vanuatu.B[2022·沈陽(yáng)市高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)(一)]Java'sCafeisafundamentalextensionoftheRochesterexperience,openingitsarmstocomfortcoffee,tea,anddessertloversalike.ForthetypicalURstudents,theJava'sonGibbsSt.hasbecomeaplaceofsolaceduringstressfultestingtimes,andonmoreheartwarmingoccasions,asocialhub.Slowlyapproachingitsthirties,Java'shasenjoyedagoodreputationinthelocalarea.In1978,JavaJoecreatedacoffeefarminHawaii.Withgreatdedicationtohiscraft,thegreatmasterofcoffeebeansmadehiswaytoRochesterthen.In1992,JoedecidedtostartsellingcoffeeatthePublicMarketandopenedupastoreonGibbsSt.withthehelpofMichaelCalabrese.Thislocation,nexttotheEastmanSchoolofMusic,isthefirstofmanyshopsJavaJoeopened.Asaloveroftheblues,Joeenthusiasticallydecoratedthisflagshipstorewithartisticandmusicalinfluence.AfterthisGibbslocation,JoeplantedJavaJoe'swherehewasfirststartingout—atthePublicMarket.Later,JavaJoe'smovedtoanearbybuilding,andreceivedanamechange—Java'sattheMarketCoffeeRoasters.ThisbuildingservedasaplacewherethosewhovisitedwouldoftencatchaglimpseofJoeskillfullyroastinghiscoffeebeansinthedancingflamesandcultivatinghisdrinkswithcare.However,in1997helicensedCalabresetorun“JavaJoe's”，whothenrenamedtheGibbsCafetowhatweknowtoday—Java'sCafe.JoeremainedinthePublicMarketlocationuntilhewasdiagnosedwithabraintumor.Joediedoflungcancerat68.Theinfluencehehadpouredintohisbusinessiswell-knownandhighlyregarded.Hewonmanyawardsinhislife.NexttimeyouheaddowntoGibbsSt.foryourmorningcup,keepinmindtheextraordinarystoryofhowthatcupcameintobeing,allthankstoJavaJoe.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solace”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Tension.B．Anxiety.C．Safety.D．Relief.5．WhatistrueaboutJava'sCafeonGibbsSt.?A．Thenameoftheshopkeepsunchangeduptonow.B．Itispopularwiththelocalsandstudentsaswell.C．JavaJoehadtheownershipoftheshopin1997.D．Itistheflagshipstorethathaswonseveralawards.6．WhatisspecialaboutJava'sattheMarketCoffeeRoasters?A．Joe'sspecially-madecoffeebeans.B．Itssuper-qualitycoffeeandservice.C．Joe'sdemonstrationofcoffee-makingskills.D.Itsattractiontothemusicschoolstudents.7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．ThepopularityofJava'sCafe.B．Thedevelopmentofthecoffeeindustry.C．ThecontributionJoemadetoRochester.D．ThefounderanddevelopmentofJava'sCafe.C[2022·南昌市一模]CeciliaChiang,whoseSanFranciscorestaurant,theMandarin,introducedAmericandinersinthe1960stotherichnessandvarietyofauthenticChinesecuisine,diedonWednesdayatherhomeinSanFrancisco.Ms.Chiangwasnotachef,norwasshealikelycandidatetorunarestaurant.ShewasbornnearShanghaiin1920astheseventhdaughterinawealthyfamily.Afterherparentsdied,Ceciliamanagedthebusinesses'financeswhilestillinherteens.Ms.ChiangcametotheUnitedStatesfromChinatofleetheJapaneseduringWorldWarⅡ，travelingnearly700milesonfoot.OnceinSanFrancisco,shemettwoChineseacquaintanceswhowantedtoopenarestaurant.Ms.Chiangagreedtoputuplargefunds.Butwhenthetwowomenquit,Ms.Chiangfoundtoherhorrorthatthefundswerenotrefundable(可退還的).Shetookadeepbreathanddecidedtoopentherestaurantherself.“IbegantothinkthatifIcouldcreatearestaurantwithWestern-styleserviceandthedishesthatIwasmostfamiliarwith—thedeliciousfoodofChina—maybemylittlerestaurantwouldsucceed，”shewroteinherbook.TheMandarin,whichwasopenedin1962asa65-seatrestaurant,introducedcustomerstomainlySichuan,ShanghaiandCantondishes.Theearlydaysweredifficult.Butlittlebylittle,Chinesediners,andafewAmericans,cameregularly.Overnightthetableswerefilledandtherestaurantbecameahugesuccess.Ms.Chiangcontinuedtoworkasarestaurantconsultantintoher90s.“IthinkIchangedwhataveragepeopleknowaboutChinesefood，”Ms.Chiangwrote.“Theydidn'tknowChinawassuchabigcountry.”8．WhendidMs.Chiangstarttomanagethebusinesses'finances?A．Inthe1920s.B．Inthe1930s.C．Inthe1950s.D．Inthe1960s.9．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．WhenMs.ChiangcametotheUS.B．HowMs.Chiangearnedherdeposit.C．WhatMs.Chiangwroteinherbook.D．WhyMs.Chiangopenedherrestaurant.10．WhatdoweknowaboutTheMandarin?A．Itsurvivedtheearlyhardships.B．ItprovidedallkindsofChinesedishes.C．Itcouldseatlessthan60peopleatfirst.D．ItattractedmanyAmericansonceopened.11．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMs.Chiang?A．Smartbutstubborn.B．Devotedandbrave.C．Adventurousbutcareless.D．Enthusiasticandambitious.D[2022·成都市高三第一次診斷性檢測(cè)]Humans'everspreadingpresencearoundtheglobeinfluencespatternsofbiologicalevolutioninwaysthatwearejustbeginningtoexplore.OntheGalapagosIslands,abodyofevidenceshowsthattheeffectofourpresenceisincreasing.LuisF.DeLeónfromtheUniversityofMassachusettsBoston,togetherwithother6scientistsspenttwoyearsobservingDarwin'sfinches(雀科小鳥(niǎo))toevaluateoureffectsontheirbehavior.Theystartedbyconductingfeedingobservationsoncoexistingfinchspeciesatsitesthatrangedfromnon-urbanareastourbanareas.Theyalsoemployedfinch-humaninteractionexperimentstotestwhetherandhowfinchesrespondtohumanpresence.Tomeasurewhetherfinchfeedingpreferencesvariedwiththedegreeofurbanization,“cafeteria”experimentswerecarriedout—Fincheswerepresentedwithaselectionofhumanandnativefooditems.ThescientistsfoundthatDarwin'sfinchesfedalmostonhumanfoodslikericeandcookiesorintroducedgardenspeciesaturbanlocations.Incontrast,atnon-urbansites,finchesfedmainlyonnativeplantspeciesandinsects.Interactiontestssuggestthaturbanbirdsgetmoreaccustomedtothepresenceofhumans.Finally,atallsitesofregularhumanpresence,finchespreferredhumanfoodstonaturalfoods.Theresearcherswarnthatexploitingurbanenvironmentsmightpresentchallengesfororganisms,includingshorterlifespansbroughtbytheconsumptionofhighlyprocessedfoods.Furthermore,theyear-roundavailabilityofabundanthumanfoodsinurbanenvironmentsmightaffectecologicalandevolutionaryprocessesthatpromotedspeciesdiversity.Whiletheresultsclearlyshowashifttohumanfoodsaturbansites,theadaptivesignificanceofthatshiftisstillanopenquestion.Thesefindingsalsosuggestthathumanbehavioristhemaindriveroffinchpreferenceforhumanfoods.Theresearchersproposeapossibilitythattheeffectofhumanbehaviorisfacilitatedbyourtendencytofeedbirds,beitdirectlyorinadvertentlyviafooddroppingorlittering.12．Howdidthescientistscarryoutthestudy?A．Bycarryingoutexperimentsinlabs.B．Bytrainingfinchesandobservingresults.C．Byobservingfinchesinnaturalconditions.D.Byanalyzingfindingsfrompreviousexperiments.13．Whichisprobablyfinches'favoritefoodatnon-urbansitesfrequentlyvisitedbyhumans?A．Rice.B．Aninsect.C．Thefruitofanativeplant.D．Theseedofanintroducedplant.14．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph5probablymean?A．Illegally.B．Voluntarily.C．Deliberately.D．Unintentionally.15．Whatcanwelearnfromthefindings?A.Allfinchesobservedarewillingtoapproachhumans.B．Humanfoodavailabilitymightleadtobiodiversityloss.C．Thereasonfortheshiftoffinchdietsremainsunknown.D．Themoreprocessedfoodsfinchesconsume,thelongertheylive.第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。[2022·武漢市武昌區(qū)高三質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]Learningdoesn'thavetostopattheschoolhousedoor.Infact,itshouldn't.__16__It'sonethingtoreadabookaboutaforeigncountry;it'squiteanothertogothereandbefrienditspeople,eatitsfoodsandlearnitslanguage.__17__MyhusbandGabrielandIuseittoengagewithourloveofhistory.Wecan'ttraveltothepastinexactlythesamewaywewouldgotoaforeigncountry,butwecanbringhistorytousbyincludingasmanyofitsdetailsaspossibleintoourdailylives.__18__Ourhousewasbuiltin1888and1889.Verylittlehadbeenaddedoverthepastcentury—althoughmanythingshadbeenremovedorreplaced.Settlinginwasalong,slowprocessofbringingbacksystemsandapplianceswhichwouldhavebeenstandardattheendofthenineteenthcentury.Yearsago,westartedcollectingeverydayitemsfromthepast.WelovethingspeoplelikeuswereinteractingwithonadailybasisbackintheVictorian(維多利亞時(shí)代的)era.Mosttextbookofhistoryfocusesonextremecases:politics,war,andgreatnames.We'veneverbeenprivilegedtokeepcompanywithkingsandpresidentsinthemodernworld,sowe'vealwaysbeendrawnfarmorestronglytopeopleweourselvescanrelateto.Welovesimplestoriesofapproachablepeople.__19____20__Whenwegetthem,mostarewornout.Somepeoplewouldn'tthinktwiceaboutgettingridofsuchlow-qualityitems.Wefixthemupandputthembacktotheuseforwhichtheywereoriginallyintended.Asweinteractwiththem,theybecomeourteachers.A．Thebestwaytolearnaboutsomethingistoliveit.B．Thistechniquecanbeappliedtoavarietyofsubjects.C．Bydoingsowe'vecreatedalifewhichisuniquelybeautiful.D．CurrentlyI'mworkingonanovelsetinthe1880sand1890s.E．Usingthethingstheyusedhelpsusconnectwiththeirculture.F．Theantiqueswhichmakeupourhomeareaworkingcollection.G．Whenpeoplevisitourhometheysayit'slikewalkingintoamuseum.

50分閱讀理解提分練(四)第一節(jié)A語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型：說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)——文化習(xí)俗——不同國(guó)家和地區(qū)的成年儀式1．答案與解析：D理解具體信息。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Itmeansthat...shouldergrown-upresponsibilities”，再結(jié)合下文介紹的四種不同國(guó)家和地區(qū)的成年儀式可知，四種成年儀式的共同期望是培養(yǎng)年輕人的責(zé)任感。2．答案與解析：A推斷。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Theygoto...becomeworthycitizens”可知，在德國(guó)，舉行成年儀式前，孩子們要去學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)以文化尊重、社會(huì)責(zé)任等為主題的課程。A項(xiàng)是志愿服務(wù)應(yīng)用軟件，與承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任有關(guān)，據(jù)此可推知A項(xiàng)正確。3．答案與解析：C理解具體信息。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Heisgiven...torespectsociety”可知，在印度的成年儀式上，男孩將會(huì)收到三根神圣的線(xiàn)，分別代表他做出的三個(gè)承諾：尊重知識(shí)、尊重父母和尊重社會(huì)。B語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型：記敘文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)——?dú)v史與文化——Java咖啡館的歷史和現(xiàn)狀【語(yǔ)篇解讀】Java咖啡館在當(dāng)?shù)叵碛辛己寐曌u(yù)。本文講述了Java咖啡館的創(chuàng)始人初創(chuàng)該咖啡館的故事及該咖啡館的發(fā)展歷程。4．答案與解析：D理解詞匯。根據(jù)該句中的“onmoreheartwarmingoccasions,asocialhub”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可以推知，那是一個(gè)考試期間學(xué)生放松身心、緩解壓力的地方，故畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞意為“輕松，寬慰”。5．答案與解析：B理解具體信息。根據(jù)第一段第二句“ForthetypicalUR...asocialhub”可知，Java咖啡館已經(jīng)成為學(xué)生在考試期間放松身心的地方，故深受學(xué)生歡迎；根據(jù)第二段第一句“Slowlyapproaching...inthelocalarea”可知，Java咖啡館在當(dāng)?shù)叵碛辛己玫穆曌u(yù)，故深受當(dāng)?shù)厝说臍g迎。故B項(xiàng)正確。6．答案與解析：C理解具體信息。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Thisbuildingserved...hisdrinkswithcare”可知，參觀這座建筑的人經(jīng)常可以看到Joe熟練地在飛舞的火焰中烤咖啡豆，小心翼翼地泡咖啡。據(jù)此可知，該咖啡烘焙店的特別之處在于向顧客展示咖啡制作技巧。7．答案與解析：D理解文章主旨要義。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了Java咖啡館的創(chuàng)始和發(fā)展過(guò)程：JavaJoe在夏威夷創(chuàng)建了咖啡農(nóng)場(chǎng)，后來(lái)到了羅切斯特，他在吉布斯街開(kāi)了第一家咖啡館。其后在1997年，他將“JavaJoe's”授權(quán)給Calabrese,Calabrese將咖啡館改名，Java咖啡館至今仍深受學(xué)生和當(dāng)?shù)厝说那嗖A。據(jù)此可知，D項(xiàng)符合題意。C語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型：記敘文主題語(yǔ)境：人與自我——人物故事——江孫蕓女士開(kāi)辦中餐廳的故事【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文主要講述了江孫蕓女士艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)，在美國(guó)開(kāi)辦中餐廳的故事。8．答案與解析：B考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“ShewasbornnearShanghaiin1920...Ceciliamanagedthebusinesses’financeswhilestillinherteens”可知，江孫蕓女士出生于1920年，在十幾歲時(shí)就開(kāi)始管理公司的財(cái)務(wù)。據(jù)此可知，她在20世紀(jì)30年代開(kāi)始管理公司財(cái)務(wù)，故B項(xiàng)正確。9．答案與解析：D考查理解段落主旨要義的能力。通讀第三段可知，該段主要講述了她開(kāi)餐館的原因：她為躲避戰(zhàn)亂從中國(guó)來(lái)到美國(guó)，遇到了兩個(gè)想開(kāi)餐館的中國(guó)熟人。在提供了大量資金后，兩名合伙人放棄了，于是她決定自己開(kāi)餐館。故D項(xiàng)正確。A、C項(xiàng)僅為第三段的細(xì)節(jié)之一；B項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及。10．答案與解析：A考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第四段后三句“Theearlydaysweredifficult...ahugesuccess”可知，創(chuàng)辦初期TheMandarin的處境艱難，但逐漸吸引了