虛擬語氣講解

Thesubjunctivemood語氣英語的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣肯定、否定、疑問），祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣Iftheweatheriswarmandrainy,mushroomsgrowveryquiclyeroconditionalIfyoureadthisreicsituationmuchbetterFirstCIfyouwanttomaeagoodimembertosmileandmaeeyecontactFirstC真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句虛擬語氣Ifmonsense,therewouldn’tbeanywarsintheworld2ndconditional:現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反的假設(shè)）Ifwehadnownyourteleber,wewould’vecalledyou3rdconditional真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句

一、虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與過去相反的假設(shè)與將來相反的假設(shè)If主語動(dòng)詞的過去式（動(dòng)詞be用were主語should,would,might,could＋動(dòng)詞原形W:一定；C：能夠；M：或許If主語had過去分詞主語＋should,would,might,could＋havedone1、If主語should動(dòng)詞原形2、If主語動(dòng)詞過去式3、If主語wereto動(dòng)詞原形主語＋should,wouldmight,could＋動(dòng)詞原形與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣（可能性依次遞減）Ifweshouldcometomorrow,wecouldmeetthegeneralmanager如果明天真的能來，我們就能見到經(jīng)理事實(shí)是：明天可能不來，所以不能進(jìn)到總經(jīng)理。Ifitsnowedtomorrow,ourymind事實(shí)是：太陽(yáng)不會(huì)從西邊出來，我不會(huì)改變主意。

IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting

Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain

IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica

如果現(xiàn)在不是在聽收音機(jī)，我會(huì)正在睡覺．如果我知道他的電話號(hào)碼，我就給他打電話了．如果明天下雨的話，我們會(huì)取消比賽．IfIwerenotlisteningtotheradio,IwouldbesleepingIfIhadnownhisteleber,IwouldhavecalledhimIfitshould\weretorain\rained,wewouldcalloffthematchMorepractice:混合虛擬語氣當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternowIfyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了．如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)是大學(xué)生了．Ifithadrainedlastnight,itwouldbeverycoldtodayIfIwereyou,IwouldhavechosentotaeajobIfyouhadstudieshardatthattime,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow含蓄虛擬語氣有時(shí)假設(shè)的條件不通過條件句表達(dá)出來，而隱含在某些介詞短語（如without,butfor等）或上下文，這種句子屬于含蓄虛擬語氣。

Withoutmusic,theworldwouldbeadullusic,theworldwouldbe…Butforyouradvice,IwouldhavefailedIfyouhadn’tgivenmeadvice,IwouldhavefailedHavingnownthisintime,IcouldhavesucceededIfIhadnownthisintime,Icouldhavesucceeded

在條件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式．IfIwereatschoolagain,IwouldstudyharderWereIatschoolagain,IwouldstudyharderIfyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethimHadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethimIfitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbingShoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbingIfIhadworedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded---HadIworedhard,IwouldhavesurelysucceededIftimeweretogobac,Iwouldwordoublehard---Weretimetogobac,Iwouldwordoublehard

二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用（1）用于賓語從句１、wish后面的賓語從句中。一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)表過去過去完成時(shí)表將來would,might,could＋動(dòng)詞原形IwishthatIwereabirdIwishthatIhadseenthefilmlastnightIwishthatIwould\couldgo2用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,and,desireetcWesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputoffTheyinsistedthattheboyshouldgowiththem注意：suggest當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“講時(shí)，insist表示”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。ThesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourworThemaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意．那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷錢．聚焦insistinsist有"堅(jiān)持"和"強(qiáng)調(diào)",當(dāng)它作"堅(jiān)持"講時(shí),要用虛擬語氣,如:Weinsistthatyouacceptthesegifts

我們堅(jiān)決要求你收下這些禮物主句主語是we,從句主語是you當(dāng)它作"強(qiáng)調(diào)"講時(shí),后面從句的動(dòng)詞根據(jù)具體的語境變化而變化但注意,這種用法,主句與從句的主語通常是同一個(gè)人如：Sheinsistedthatshedidn'ttellthelie她強(qiáng)調(diào)她自己沒有撒謊主句主語是she,從句主語是she都是同一個(gè)人

在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”should可以省略．（2）用于表語從句和同位語從句MyideaisthatweshouldthinitoverbeforeacceptingitMysuggestionthatweshouldhaveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothersWeallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeetingshouldbeputoffA在句型“Itisimportantthatweshouldtaegoodcareofthepatient

（3）虛擬語氣在在主語從句中B在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required…that-clause句型中從句用should動(dòng)詞原型ItisdemandedthatweshouldworoutaplanC在Itisae/nowonderthat…句型中從句也常用should動(dòng)詞原型

It’saissagoodchance1Itishigh/abouttimethat…從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略．三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool2Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是．．．該有多好啊表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式;如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)IfonlyInewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!（口語中虛擬語氣經(jīng)常省略主句）3wouldrather從句動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去完成時(shí)IwouldratheryoutoldmethetruthIwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday4asifasthough看起來常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過去式；與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成式haddoneHetreatedtheboyasifhewerehisownsonHespoeasifhehadnownaboutit5evenifeventhough即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheEvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞havedonecouldhavedone本來可以---（無couldn’thavedonemighthavedone本來可能---無mightn’thavedoneshould/oughttohavedone本來應(yīng)該做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不該做--你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruthneedn’thavedone本不必做---

比較：didn’tneedtodo沒必要做也沒有做---我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindowsMybrotherdiditwouldhavedone本來會(huì)去做----我沒有足夠的錢．否則我會(huì)買那本書的．Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatboo回憶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)Musthavedone:過去一定做了某事Can/couldn’thavedone：過去不可能做了某事Can/couldhavedone:用于否定句和疑問句May/mighthavedone：過去可能做過某事（表推測(cè)不能用于疑問句中）May/mightnothavedone:過去可能沒做過某事

Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____sent____before5:30ustbefinished_____youmorehelighthavegivenBm