補(bǔ)全短文與完形填空講義

補(bǔ)全短文1、此題型最難，沒有一種答題方法能有好的得高分的手段，但2到4分還是容易的。最長的答案和F答案是99%的正確率。（不能說100%，習(xí)題中就出現(xiàn)過F和最長的答案落選的情況）。2、但是此題是僅次于閱讀理解的高分題，好多人丟了心有不甘，但是你想過沒有，我們職稱英語是一種過關(guān)考試，只要60分就能過關(guān)，100分與60分沒有任何區(qū)別，。。。。。3、。。。。。4、從出題的角度分析，出題者是從文章中抽出幾句話，我們?cè)侔阉椿氐轿恼轮腥ィ鸵欢粝戮€索讓我們能按按圖索驥，反回原文，不這樣就失去了出題的意義。補(bǔ)全短文蒙題技巧

一、看標(biāo)題，定文體

文章的主要分類：記敘文、說明文、議論文

其中記敘文主要涉及的因素是：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件

當(dāng)文章中有數(shù)字年代的，可按其順序先后進(jìn)行選擇；也可以人物為線索；

說明文和議論文都有說明和議論的中心、主題，一般位于文章段落的首句后面的題目都會(huì)圍繞文章段落的主題進(jìn)行闡述和說明的

二、閱讀選項(xiàng)A到F．接著看A到F．抓主干、猜大意、弄清是什么東西蒙題技巧；1、當(dāng)文章中有but或者h(yuǎn)owever．則它們前后一定有表達(dá)的是截然相反的意思；

2、如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了。。。。3、如果在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)。。。。4、選項(xiàng)的主語如果是。。。。。5、選項(xiàng)的主語如果是代詞,它會(huì)是空格前句話主語的指代.選項(xiàng)中如果出現(xiàn)l或we，文章有不是以第一人稱進(jìn)行寫作時(shí)．它只能出現(xiàn)在引號(hào)句中6、英語的基本句型只有三個(gè)：7、如選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)8、如文章中有why出現(xiàn)，9、做題時(shí)先看空格前一句，后10、選項(xiàng)的賓語或表語如果是名詞或名詞短語―11、數(shù)字12、看選項(xiàng)前后小詞幫你出大力，時(shí)態(tài)幫你理順序．標(biāo)點(diǎn)解決大問題．

小詞－also－只有結(jié)構(gòu)相同時(shí)才管用

時(shí)態(tài)幫你理順序：如果整篇文章是用過去時(shí)進(jìn)行寫作時(shí)，選項(xiàng)中如果出現(xiàn)了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)．它只能放在以下位置：(1)

(2)(3)標(biāo)點(diǎn)解決大問題

(1）(2）第一要抓第二要抓選項(xiàng)三、補(bǔ)全短文常用連詞1.結(jié)構(gòu)詞(連接詞，介詞等)1)并列遞進(jìn)and和;又;及either...or…或者…或者…neither…nor…既不…也不…besides在…旁邊;除了inaddition另外stillthen就在那時(shí)also也suchas…象…一樣inotherwords換句話說aswell也，此外likewise也，而且thismeans這意味著notonly…butalso不但…而且thesame…as和…一樣similar相似的like象…such如此even甚至，更furthermore更2)轉(zhuǎn)折but但是however但是though盡管although盡管whereas然而while/nevertheless然而not…but不是…而是despite不管inspiteof不管unlike不象unfortunately不幸地ontheotherhand另一方面instead(of)代替rather(than)不是…而是conversely相反地unless除非nomatterhow/what/where/who無論怎樣/什么/在哪里/誰3)比較while然而onthecontraryto相反地incontrast相反preferAtoB寧愿選A而不選Bthemore…themore越…越…as…as和…一樣notso/as…as不和…一樣more/lessthan多/少于inferiorto比…低級(jí)(次)superiorto比…高級(jí)(好)4)原因because(of)因?yàn)椋捎赼s因?yàn)椋捎趕ince因?yàn)閍saresultof因?yàn)?，由于dueto由于forthereason因?yàn)?，由于thanksto由于5)結(jié)果asaresult結(jié)果…so因此Consequently結(jié)果so(such)…that如此…以至于Thus,therefore因此6)列舉first(ly)首先second(ly)其次third(ly)再次finally最后onefactor(problem,means,feature)一個(gè)因素(問題，方法，特色)another…另一個(gè)…themost…最…的Thevalueofmotherhood母性的價(jià)值Inshoppingmalls,theassistantstrytopushyouintobuying“agifttothankherforherunselfishlove”.Whenyoulogonto1awebsite,asmallpopo-up2invitesyoutobookabouquetforher.CommercialwarmthandgratitudearetheatmospherebeingspreadaroundforthisspecialSundayinMay._____(1)__A___.ThepopularityofMother’sDayaroundtheworldsuggeststhatJarvisgotallshewanted.Infact,shegotmore-enoughtomakeherhorrified._____(2)__D___.Theybuy,amongotherthings,132millioncards.Mother’sDayistheNo1holidayforflowerpurchases.Thentherearethevariouscommodities,rangingfromjewelryandclothestocosmeticsandwashingpowder,thattakeadvantageofthepromotionopportunities,Becauseofthis,Jarvisspentthelast40yearsofherlifetryingtostopMother’sDay.OneprotestagainstthecommercializationofMother’sDayevengotherarrested-fordisturbingthepeace,interestingly._____(3)__B___.AsRalphFevre,areporterattheUKnewspaperTheGuardian,observe,traditionally“motherhoodissomethingthatwedobecausewethinkit’sright.”Butinthelogicofcommercialism,peopleneedsomethinginexchangefortheirtimeandenergy.Acareerservesthispurposebetter._____(4)_F____.Sothey(復(fù)數(shù))workhardandplayhard.Becomingamother,however,inevitablyhandicapscareeranticipation._____(5)__E___.AccordingtoTheGuardian,therearetwiceasmanychild-freeyoungwomenastherewereagenerationago.Or,theyputofftheresponsibilityofparentinguntillaterintheirlives.So,FevrewritesthatthemeaningofcelebratingMother’sDayneedstobeupdated:“Itistopersuadepeoplethatparentingisagoodideaandtohonorpeoplefortheirattempttobegoodpeople.”注釋：1.logonto登錄到期。logontoawebsite登錄到一個(gè)網(wǎng)站。2.pop-up彈出式菜單。asmallpop-upinvitesyoutobookabouquetforher.一張小的彈出式菜單要你為她訂一束花。練習(xí)ATheAmericanversionofMother’sDaywasthoughtupasearlyas1905,byAnnaJarvis,asawayofrecognizingtherealvalueofmotherhood.BButwhat’smore,commercialismchangesyoungpeople’sattitudetowardsmotherhood.CObviously,thebestgiftwillbeaphonecalloravisit.DAccordingtoaresearchbytheUScardcompanyHallmark,96percentofAmericanconsumerscelebratetheholiday.EAsaresult,motherhoodhassufferedahugedropinstatussincethe1950s.FInaddition,women(復(fù)數(shù))arebeingencouragedtopursueanycareertheydesire. RisingTuitionintheUS美國學(xué)費(fèi)上漲EverySpring,USuniversityadministratorsgathertodiscussthenextacademicyear’sbudget.Theyconsiderfacultysalariesutilitycostsfordormitories,newbuildingneedsandrepairstooldones.Theyrunthenumbersandconclude-itseems,inevitably-that,yeta-gain,thecostoftuitionmustgoup.AccordingtotheUS’sCollegeBoard,thepriceofattendingafour-yearprivateuniversityintheUSrose81percentbetween1993and2004.___E___(46)In2005and2006,thenumberscontinuedtorise.Accordingtouniversityofficials,collegecostincreasesaresimplytheresultofbalancinguniversitycheckbooks.“TuitionincreasesatCedarvilleUniversityaredeterminedbyourrev-enueneedsforeachyear,”saidtheuniversity’spresident,DrBillBrown.“Studenttuitionpaysfor78percentoftheuniversity’soperatingcosts.”Brown’sschoolisaprivateuniversi-tythatenrollsabout3,100undergradsandisconsistentlyrecognizedbyannualcollegerank-ingguideslikeUSNewsandWorldReport’sandThePrincetonReview’s.__C_____(47)Tuitionatprivateuniversitiesissetbyadministrationofficialsandthenaentforapprovaltotheschool’sboardoftrustees(董事).___B___(48)Thisboardoversees(監(jiān)管)allofastate’spublicinstitutions.JohnDurham,assistantsecretarytotheboardoftrusteesatEastCarolinaUniversity(ECU),explainsthatstatelawsaysthatpublicinstitutionsmustmaketheirservicesavaila-blewheneverpossibletothepeopleofthestateforfree.DurhamsaidthatNorthCarolinaresidentsonlypay22percentofthecostoftheireducation.___F____(49)Stateresidentsat-TendingECUpayaboutUS$10,000fortuition,roomandboardbeforefinancialaid.Amidthenewsaboutcontinuedincreasesincollegecosts,however,thereissomegoodnews.Tuitionincreaseshavebeenaccompaniedbyroughlyequalincreasesinfinancialaidatalmosteveryuniversity.Toreceivefinancialaid,USstudentscompleteaformalapplicationwiththefederalgovernment.Thefederalgovernmentthendecideswhetheranapplicantiseligible（有資格的）forgrantsorloans.__A___（50）ATheapplicationisthensenttothestudent’suniversity,wheretheschoolitselfwilldecidewhetherfreemoneywillbegiventothestudentandhowmuch.BAtpublicuniversities,however,tuitionincreasesmustalsobeapprovedbyastateeducation(大概念包涵小概念)committee,sometimescalledtheboardofgovernors.CTheschoolcurrentlychargesUS$23,410DManyAmericanpeoplearesimplyunabletopaythegrowingcostoffood.EThat’smorethandoubletherateofinflation.FThestate（主語一致性）governmentcoverstherest.AmericanDreams美國人的夢(mèng)想ThereisacommonresponsetoAmericaamongforeignwriters,theUSisalandofextremeswherethebestofthingsarejustaseasilyfoundastheworst.Thisisacliché(陳詞濫調(diào)).Inthelandofblackandwhite,peopleshouldnotbetoosurprisedtofindsomeofthebiggestgapsbetweentherichandthepoorintheworld.ButtheAmericanDreamoffersawayouttoeveryone.___F____(46)Noclasssystemorgovernmentstandsintheway.Sadly,thisoldargumentisnolongertrue.OverthepastfewdecadestherehasbeenafundamentalshiftinthestructureoftheAmericaneconomy.Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorhaswidenedandwidened。___E___(47)Overthepast25yearsthemedianUSfamilyincomehasgoneup18percent.Forthetop1percent,however,ithasgoneup200percent.Twenty-fiveyearsagothetopfifthofAmericanshadanaverageincome6.7timesthatofthebottomfifth.__D____(48)Inequalitieshavegrownworseindifferentregions.InCalifornia,incomesforlowerclassfamilieshavefallen(下降)by4percentsince1969.___C___(49)ThishasledtoaneconomyhugelyinfavorofasmallgroupofveryrichAmericans.Thewealthiest1percentofhouseholdsnowcontrolathirdofthenationalwealth.Therearenow37millionAmericanslivinginpoverty.At12.7percentofthepopulation,itisthehighestpercentageinthedevelopedworld.YetthetaxburdenonAmerica’srichisfalling,notgrowing.___B___(50)Therewasaneconomictheoryholdingthattherichspendingmorewouldbenefiteveryoneasawhole.Butclearlythattheoryhasnotworkedinreality.ANobodyispoorintheUS.BThetop0.01percentofhouseholdshasseenitstaxbitefallbyafull25percentagepointssince1980.CForupperclassfamiliestheyhaverisen(增強(qiáng))41percent.(結(jié)構(gòu)一致，相反上層家庭增長，下層家庭減少)DNowitis9.8times.EAsitdoesso,thepossibilitytocrossthatgapgetssmallerandsmaller.（結(jié)構(gòu)一樣）FAllonehastodoistoworkhardandclimbtheladdertowardsthetop.完形填空三種題型：1、語法2、詞：固定搭配，詞類區(qū)別3、邏輯推理解題1、2、單詞以er結(jié)尾的，后面必是than平行結(jié)構(gòu)（空格前后形式一致）but\and\or注意名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，littlemuch（不可數(shù)）Many(可數(shù))，1、定語從句that/which介詞＋which2、介詞的選擇看前面的動(dòng)詞看后面的名詞3、被動(dòng)語態(tài)4、比較級(jí)5、連詞notonly...butalsoeither...orneither...norboth...and6、非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系Known/let/make/havesb.+dosth.enjoy/spend+doingknownas如選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)as或者if，通常是答案7、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面接動(dòng)詞原形沒有動(dòng)詞用be來替代其它一些重要點(diǎn)...whetherif如果：是否如果：主將從現(xiàn)下面的動(dòng)詞后面只可以接動(dòng)名詞（doing），一句話要牢記之：“megafeps”(霉咖啡不吃)mind（介意）、miss（錯(cuò)過）、enjoy（喜歡）、giveup（放棄）、admit（承認(rèn)）、avoid（避免）、finish（完成）、escape（逃脫）、practise（練習(xí)）、suggest(建議)下面的動(dòng)詞后面只可以接動(dòng)詞不定式,（todo）一句話要訣記之：“要想干，同意辦，愿意不愿意，決定盡量干。”A.要求，想要，希望(want、wish、hope、expect、intend、)B.同意(agree、promise)C.意愿(care、refuse)D.決定，企圖(determine、decide、offer、attempt、try、manage下面的動(dòng)詞既可以跟動(dòng)名詞又可跟動(dòng)詞不定式begintodosomething\doingsomethingstarttodosomething\doingsomethingcontinuetodosomething\doingsomethingforgettodosomething\doingsomethingremembertodosomething\doingsomethingregrettodosomething\doingsomethingliketodosomething\doingsomethinglovetodosomething\doingsomethingatleastbelongtoaccordingtoagreatdealbebeneficialtoasfarasisknownbareof

becomposedofbegindoingbegintobeknownforbeabletobedependonbenotedforbefamousforbedividedintoberichinbefoundinbefullofbesubjectedtobeinvolvedinbeknownasbringaboutbemadefrombemadeofchange…into…berelatedtoberesistanttocomeintocontactwithbesupposedtobevaluabelfordealwithbring…tolightbreakawayfromdependondraw…from…datebacktodifferfromdueto+n.demandfordo/dealwithgiveupdoingdonoharmtogivewaytoinadditiontogiveoffinterferewitinhistoryinterestinindangerofincomparisonwithjoin…with…inhonorof

inspiteofleadtoliveinlookformakeupnomorethannotmorethanmore…than…payforpermitsb.todonativetoprotect……fromrefertoonaccountofrankfirstamongshare…with…playakeyrolerunforstartdoingrangefrom…to…severastendtoresultfromso…astowarmsb.ofsth.spend…doingspreadtotakechargeofstarttosucceedindoingtakeplace完形填空的必背解題技巧一、完形填空的考查重點(diǎn)完形填空考題的設(shè)計(jì)一般是從以下三個(gè)方面出發(fā)的：(1)語法結(jié)構(gòu)，(2)詞法結(jié)構(gòu)，(3)上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。二、完形填空的解題技巧完形填空的一般解題步驟是：1.通讀全文。首先要閱讀整篇文章，理解全文內(nèi)容。同時(shí)對(duì)全文的語言表達(dá)方式，比如文章用的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、文章的措辭與口氣等方面得出大致印象。2.邏輯判斷。在閱讀全篇的基礎(chǔ)上，開始從頭判斷每個(gè)空所缺的詞的語言形式，如詞類、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài);并判斷該詞應(yīng)具有的符合文章上下文的詞義。3.理解選擇。從給出的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出在語法與詞義上均與原文相符合的一個(gè)。第6部分：完形填空（第51～55題，每題1分，共15分）下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。MiddleAge:ALowPointforMostPeoplearoundtheglobehittheheightoftheirmiseryanddepressioninmiddle(51),anewinternationalstudysuggests.ThefindingbyBritishandAmericanresearcherswasbasedonananalysisofwell-beingamongapproximately2millionpeoplein80nations.Withfewexceptions,theobservationappearstoapplyacrosstheboard,regardless(52)gender(性別),culture,geography,wealth,jobhistory,education,andmarriageorparentalstatus."Thescientificfactseemstobethathappinessandpositivementalhealthfollowagiant'U'(53)throughlife,"saidstudyauthorAndrewJ.Oswald,aprofessorofeconomicsatWarwickUniversityinWarwickshire,England."Fortheaverageperson,it'shighwhenyou're20,andthenitslowly(54)andThefindingwas(56)onthepoolingofseveraldifferentsourcesofhappinessdata,including:twomulti-decadehappiness/satisfactionsurveys(firstlaunchedinthe1970s),involvingabout500,000AmericanandWesternEuropeanmenandwomen;fourroundsofthe80-nation"WorldValuesSurvey"(57)between1981and2004inNorthAmerica,EasternandWesternEurope,Asia,Africa,Australia,andCentralandSouthAmerica;anda2004-2007survey(58)nearly1millionBritons.Thebottom-line:Formostpeoplethroughouttheworld,thehighestprobabilityfor(59)strikingisaround44yearsofage.IntheUnitedStates,however,someas-yetunexplained(60)differenceswereobserved,withhappinessamongmendippingthemostintheirearly50s,whereaswomenhittheirnadir(最低點(diǎn))aroundtheageof40.Theresearcherscautionedthatcheerfulpeopletendtolivelongerthanunhappy(61)-afactthatmighthaveskewed(使偏斜)theoverallfinding.Buttheyalsosuggestedthatevidenceofahappiness(62)mightsimplyreflectamidlifechoicetogiveuplong-heldbutnolongertenable(守得住的)aspirations(志向),followedbyasenior'ssenseofgratitudeforhavingsuccessfullyendured(63)othersdidnot."Thatsaid,somemightfindithelpfulsimplytounderstandthegeneral(64)ofmentalhealthastheygothroughtheirownlife,"saidOswald."Itmightbeusefulforpeopletorealizethatiftheyare(65)intheir40sthisisnormal.Itisnotexceptional.Andjustknowingthismighthelp."51AplaceBage（大標(biāo)題就有MiddleAge）CheightDdegree52AforBofCtoDby53AcolorBsizeCletterDshape54AimprovesBmovesCfalls（前有high后有bottoms）Drises55ApersonalBmentalCgeneralDphysical56AfocusedBconcludedCbasedDdecided57AconductedBmeasuredCcheckedDinspected58AcallingBcountingCpassingDinvolving59Adepression（查字典或看文章的第一句）BcancerCaccidentDnjury60AgenderBraceCeducationDincome61ApeopleBmenCwomenDcouples62AlineBcurveCaxisDtable63AunlessBbecauseCifDwhile64AmoodsBfiguresCtrendsDviews65AlowBweirdColdDweak第6部分：完形填空（第51～55題，每題1分，共15分）下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。6-15+ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidityNotaplanttobeseen,thedesertgroundistoodry.Buttheaircontainswater,andresearchscientistshavefoundawayofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous.Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelackofwater.Butevenhere,wheretherearenolakes,riversorgroundwater,considerablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesertinIsrael,forexample,annualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent--ineverycubicmeterofairthereare11．5millilitersofwater.Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.“TheprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysourcesSuchasthermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaiccells,whichmakesthismethodcompletelyenergy-autonomous.Itwillthereforefunctioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure,”saysSiegfriedEgner,headoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleoftheprocessisasfollows:hygroscopicbrine--salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisturerunsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensuckedintoatankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails.Energyfromsolarcollectorsheatsupthebrine,whichisdilutedbythewaterithasabsorbed.Becauseofthevacuum,theboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeundernormalatmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressurethereislowerthaninthevalley,waterboilsattemperaturesdistinctlybelow100℃.Theevaporated,non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacolumncontinuouslyproducesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentratedbrinerunsdownthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair."Theconceptissuitableforvariouswaterusers.Singlepersonunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivable,"saysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltforbothsystemcomponents--airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation--andtheresearchscientistshavealreadytestedtheirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurthersteptheresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility.1.AdryBdirtyCsandyDclean2.ApathBwayCchannelDroad3.AoilBwoodCcoalDsolar4.AwhenBwhatCwhereDwho5.ApromiseBprogressCprospectDprocess6.AofBwithCoffDbelow7.AabsorbedBattractedCallowedDaffected8.AwetterBhotterClighterDlower9.AcloseBthereCbeyondDnearby10.AgraduallyBdistinctlyCnecessarilyDpossibly11.AagainBtooCeitherDmore12.Auser