各單元語法復(fù)習(xí)

U1

VocabularyCheckA

Choosetheappropriatewordorphrasefromthelisttocompletethefollowingsentences.

ambiguityrecuperationpreconceptionproneconnotation

preferentialethnocentricallyscrutinydeterrentstumblingblock

1.Wehaveacertainstereotypical【preconception】ofapersonfromacultureandweinterprethis/herbehaviouraccordingtothispreconception,whetherornotthereasonforthebehaviouriswhatwethinkit.

2.AccordingtoDr.Helfand,Pakistanbuiltnuclearweaponsasa【deterrent】againstIndia.Indiawantedthemasa【deterrent】againstChina.

3.TheEuropean【Scrutiny】Committeeassessesthelegaland/orpoliticalimportanceofeachEUdocument,decideswhichEUdocumentsaredebated,monitorstheactivitiesofUKMinistersintheCouncil,andkeepslegal,proceduralandinstitutionaldevelopmentsintheEUunderreview.

4.Amajor【stumblingblock】inhandlingcriticismisthatwebelievethecriticismtobeunfairanduntrueandthatweshoulddefendourselvesagainstsuchcriticism.

5.ManyAmericanswhoarelearningChinesethinkthattheterm“LaoWai”issomehowaninsult,andinfacttheterm“LaoWai”doesn’thaveanegative【connotation】inChinese.

6.Chinahasnoplantochangeits【preferential】treatmentpoliciesforforeigninvestmentinthenearfutureinordertoreassureforeigninvestorswhohavebeenworriedthatChinamightcancelits【preferential】policiesandgiveforeigninvestorsthesamenationaltreatmentastheirdomesticcounterpartsnowthatthecountryisintheWTO.

7.Restorativeyogaisespeciallyhelpfulforanxiety-【prone】peoplebecauseitallowsthenervoussystemtorestandheal.

8.Studentsshoulddeveloptheabilitytoweighevidencewithoutbias,tolerate【ambiguity】,anduseethicalprinciplesintheiracademicandpersonallives.

9.Membersslatedforpeacekeepingdutiesover180daysareeligibleforupto15daysofrestand【recuperation】.

10.Thenormsofourownculturearenotnecessarilywrong－oftentheyareverygood－butweshouldlearnnottojudgeotherculture’swaysofactingandthinking【ethnocentrically】onlybecausetheydifferfromourown.

VocabularyCheckB

Fillintheblankswiththebestchoice.

Tenacityimpliesanactivechoicetoclingtosomething,notpassivelybeingcarriedalongoutofinabilitytoimagineanythingelse.

A.TenancyB.TenacityC.TendencyD.Tenure

InEgypt,IsawthepyramidsandthedamagedfaceoftheSphinx,smilinga(an)inscrutablesmile.Anamazingjourney!

A.inscrutableB.sweetC.incredulousD.incurious

Theeliminationofstereotypeswasbelievedtobeaprerequisiteforanysuccessfulinterculturalexchange.

A.generalizationsB.judgmentsC.doubtsD.stereotypes

ThePentagonwasplanningtolauncha24-hoursatellitetelevisionchannelbasedinBaghdadtomakeiteasiertocircumventthenewsmedia“filter”thatBushAdministrationofficialsbelieveismisleadingthepublicbyemphasizingbadnewsabouttheoccupationofIraq.

A.circumnavigateB.circulateC.circumventD.curriculum

Thisclasswillprovideyouasaparentwithageappropriatesongsandactivitiestoenjoymusicathomewithtoddlerthatwilldevelopcoordination,balanceandspatialrelationshipskillsaswellascommunicationandcooperation.

A.scrutinyB.spaciousC.stereotypeD.spatial

ItisatruismtosaythatthewomenwhoteachinIndiamustknowthelanguage,thereligion,superstitionsandcustomsofthewomentobetaughtinIndia.ItoughttobetheverysamecaseforEngland.

A.truismB.genuineC.tenacityD.similarity

7.Theconnotationof“white”inChineseincludessomethingunhappy.Atfunerals,Chinesepayrespecttothedeadandexpresstheirsorrowbywearingwhiteandwritingelegiaccoupletsinwhitepaper.IntheWest,however,whiteisthetraditionalcolorforthebrideatweddings,andtowearwhiteatfuneralswouldbeoffensive.

A.configurationB.conjunctionC.connotationD.connection

8.Thejust-concludedelectioninPakistanissimplyafa?adeforcontinuingmilitaryrule,accordingtoSeligHarrison,aleadingUSauthorityonSouthAsia,Afghanistanandtheregion.

A.inflectionB.fa?adeC.ambiguityD.fabrication

9.Astelevision,andtoanextenttheinternethavepermeatedfurtherthroughoursociety,theeffectsareperhapsmoresignificantthanevenwerealize.

A.perpetuatedB.pervasiveC.permanentD.permeated

There’sthisnewgirlcomingtomyschool,andIlikeheralot.IwanttoconcreteourfriendshipbeforeIstartaseriousrelationship.

A.cementB.limeC.clayD.concrete

U3

VocabularyCheckA

Choosetheappropriatewordorphrasefromthelisttocompletethefollowingsentences.

sabotagepesterstandoffishcasseroledelectable

backfireduresssiblingstherapysmoothie

ChinaisthefirstmarketforKFCtolaunchitsnewproduct.Targetingtrendyyoungpeople,KFCD&Dfeaturesnewflavorslikethe【smoothie】series,crushediceofdifferenttastesandhotdrinkslikeHongKong-stylemilktea.It’sawiderchoiceofdrinksanddessertsthanthoseontheregularKFCmenu.

MysisterEllie,whorecentlylost20pounds,hasbeenpressuringmetoloseweighttoo.AndwhenIaskedforasecondhelpingofthelow-fat【casserole】sheservedfordinnertheothernight,shetotallywentoffonme.

Mostlittlechildrenwantadogoracat,andtheycontinually【pester】theirmothersandfathersuntiltheygetone.Itisonlywhenthesweetlittlethinghasbeenbroughthomethattheparentsrealizehowmuchtimeandmoneymustbespenton“Rover”or“Bonze”.

NigerianPresidentObasanjosaidSundaythatheisnotexcluding【sabotage】asthecauseoflastSunday’sbombexplosionsattheMilitaryCantonmentinLagos,whichledtothedeathofmorethan1,100people.

Anobviouslybiasedjudgemadederisivedecisionsthroughoutthetrial.ThestrainofthetrialalsoplacedBarrie’smarriageunder【duress】,whichultimatelyledtohiswifedivorcinghim,andledtoBarrie’schildrenbeingderidedandphysicallyattackedbytheirclassmates.

TheG.O.P.hopestogainvotesbyattackingherasaradicalfeministwhopreferstheboardroomtothekitchen.Buttheploycould【backfire】byalienatingworkingwomen.

BothLuoandGuangadmittheirdrugs,whileeffectiveincombatingAIDSandalleviatingitssyndromes,maynotbethefinalanswertosolvingtheAIDScrisis.Rather,theybelieve,combined【therapy】isthelikelyultimateanswer.Luosaidhisdrugs,whencombinedwithWesternmedicine,suchastheAZT,haveshowndoubletheeffectivenessfortreatingAIDSpatients.

This【delectable】TVprogrammeissuitableforthosehalf-educatedpeople.

“Johnhasno【siblings】.Sowhenhisparentspassedaway,heinheritedeverythingfromthefamily－properties,banksavings,stocksandabighouse.He’sreallylivingoneasystreet.”

AnthropologistDr.EdwardT.Hallpointsoutthat,fortwounacquaintedadultmaleNorthAmericans,thecomfortabledistancetostandforprivateconversationisfromarm’slengthtoaboutfourfeetapart.ForastheSouthAmericanmovesin,theNorthAmericanfeelshe’sbeingpushy;andastheNorthAmericanbacksofftheSouthAmericanthinkshe’sbeing【standoffish】

VocabularyCheckB

Fillintheblankswiththebestchoice.

1.Therewassomuchpainthere,inadvertentlycausedbybothsidesovertheyears.Ididn’twanttohurtthem,northeyme,buttheharmhadbeendoneanditwasirreversible.

A.inappreciablyB.inadvertentlyC.inarticulatelyD.invisibly

2.StrengtheningregionaleconomiccooperationisatoppriorityformanyAsiancountries.Interdependenceamongthesedifferentcountriesisbecomingstronger-thankstotheadoptionofamoreopeneconomicmodel.Andnow,Asiancountriesaremakingeffortstopromoteregional_integration,andinturnrealizecommonprosperity.

A.integrationB.diversityC.competitionD.integral

3.Whenpeoplecan’texplainanewphenomenonusingtheirknowledge,theywillfirstlytrytounderstandthenewphenomenausingthelogicreferenceof_analogy.

A.comparisonB.analysisC.counterpartD.analogy

4.Ifyoumessup,it’snotyourparents’fault,sodon’twhineaboutyourmistakes,learnfromthem.

A.wonderB.worriedC.whineD.pester

5.Thesystemwasredesignedtoembracethenetworkandeventuallysteeritinaprofitabledirection.

A.adaptB.controlC.installD.steer

6.Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrowobsolete,particularlyinwesternEurope.

A.obscureB.obsoleteC.optionalD.overlapping

7.Frombusyhomemakerstoprofessionalpeople,manyAmericansenjoytheconvenienceofprepackagedmealsthatcanbereadytoservein10minutesorless.Ontheotherhand,manyAmericansrecognizethevalueofculinaryart.

A.cookieB.culinaryC.cuisineD.cook

8.Thechairmanoftheboardpressedonmetheunpleasantjobofdismissinggoodworkersthefirmcannolongeraffordtoemploy.

A.compelledB.posedC.pressedD.tempted

9.IamnotcompatiblewithmyroommatebutIhavetosharetheroomwithher,becauseIhavenowhereelsetolive.

A.concernedB.compatibleC.considerateD.complied

10.Agoodeducationshouldtrainstudentstothinkforthemselves.However,mostofthemaretrainedinthetechniqueofexaminationunderduress.

A.dulyB.dutyC.duressD.obligation

U4

VocabularyCheckA

Choosetheappropriatewordorphrasefromthelisttocompletethefollowingsentences.Remembertochangetheformifnecessary.

thwartoptimizeinfrastructurevestigewarrant

entailoffsetsymptomaticaggregateretard

1.Morestudiesonrigorousdataare【warranted】.

2.Theprogressofstudiescomesfromhardworkandis【retarded】byfrivolities.

3.Unfortunately,whatthefarmershadgainedintheautumnharvestwas【offset】bytheheavylossescausedbyasnowstorminthewinter.

4.Therenewingofthe【infrastructure】needsgreaterfiscalinvestmentsfromthegovernment.

5.The【vestige】ofplaneconomyisbeingerasedstepbystep.

6.Thenewcomerhasgraduallylearnedwhatis【entailed】inthepositionasaqualifiedsalesperson.

7.Thedisagreementsinthenuclearnegotiationare【symptomatic】ofthetensionsbetweenAmericaandIran.

8.ThepolicybyEUthatimposesseriousconstraintsontextileimportsfromChinawilldefinitly【thwart】thebilateraltradeinotherareas.

9.TheLabourPartyunderTonyBlairwona(n)【aggregate】numberof356seatsinthepresidentialelection.

10.Policymakersandeconomistsshouldertheresponsibilityof【optimizing】theuseofresources.

VocabularyCheckB

Choosetheappropriatewordfromthelisttocompletethefollowingparagraph.Remembertochangetheformifnecessary.

evaluateeliminatereturnharnesswarrant

expenditurefostermaximizepresumelimit

Thetruerateof(1)returntoeducationinChinamaybeashighas30%or40%.Ourknowledgeoftruereturntoeducationiscurrentlyvery(2)limitedasisourknowledgeofthetruerateofreturntophysicalcapital.Morestudiesonrigorousdataare(3)warranted.Amorefactuallyinformedknowledgebasewillimprovegovernmentdecisionmaking.Ifgovernments(4)evaluateprojects,whethertheyarehumancapitalprojects,orinvestmentprojectsfordams,road,bridgesorfactories,theywillmakebetterinvestmentdecisions.Projectevaluationsplayanimportantroleinkeepinggoodinvestmentsandpromotinggoodprojectsand(5)eliminatingthebad.Thevalueoffactuallyinformedcost-benefiteconometricsisextraordinarilyhigh.Cost-benefitstudiesproducevalueforlocalgovernments,provincialgovernmentandcentralgovernment.Researchthatcreatesandcollectsmuchricherdatasetsonthereturnstoallkindsofhumanandphysicalcapitaltoguidepolicyformationwillimprovepolicymaking.Creatingincentivesanddevelopingcapitalmarketswouldpromoteinvestmentinhumancapital.Itisnotnecessarytousefundsfromthecenteror(6)presumethateducationandskillformationshouldbegovernmentallysupplied.Freeupthelabormarketandthemarketforeducationwould(7)harnesstheforcesthatpromoteacquisitionofskillsby(8)fosteringthetrainingofindividualworkersbyfirm,orencourageindividualstotrainthemselvesintheworkplacetobebetterfarmers,betterfactoryworkersandbettermanagers.Otherwise,educational(9)_expendituresshouldbeincreasedandequalizedacrossregionsto(10)maximizethereturnonhumancapitalinvestment.

U5

VocabularyCheckA

Choosetheappropriatewordorphrasefromthelisttocompletethefollowingsentences.

abortionearmarkcassavacycloneincineration

collateralanecdotalimproprietyfetusafforestation

EventheincreaseproposedwillputpressureonCongresstoholddownotherspendingordipintofunds【earmark】forSocialSecurity.

SincePainwaspayingnoattentiontohim,hedecidedthathemightwithout【impropriety】ignorePain.

Thechoiceofhouseholdandindustrialwastedisposalisbetweentippingand【incineration】.

OperationRescuewasanorganizationnotoriousforitsconfrontationaltacticsanditsimplacableoppositionto【abortion】underallcircumstances.

Sincethenwehavehad【cyclone】,wars,floods,somanythingstoaddandsubtract.

Coconutsarebeingscrapedandthejuiceissqueezedonpoundedtaroor【cassava】forpuddings.

Thepsychologicaladvantagesordisadvantagesonwomanand【fetus】mustbeaddressedandresearchedsothatinformeddecisionscanstillbemade.

Notallculturalpracticesareasextremeandthecharacterofthegroundflorawillalsodependontheland-usepriorto【afforestation】.

Thefirmpledgesitsinventoryas【collateral】forashort-termloan,butthelenderhasnophysicalcontrolovertheinventory.

Thereisnoapparentconclusivescientificstudy,butthe【anecdotal】evidenceisstrongthattheherbisuseful.

VocabularyCheckB

1.Thedecisiontooptforsewagecompostingwasmadelargelyinordertoreducetheneedforwaterforflushingthetoilet.

A.sew B.sewerageC.sewage D.sewn

2.Theendproductofsuchacourseofevolutionisanobligateparasitethatisinextricablylinkedtoaparticularhost.

A.paradise B.parasiticC.parasite D.parasite

3.Thesituationforteacherswithouttenure variesaccordingtothecircumstancessurroundingthedismissal.

A.tenure B.tentC.tendency D.tenured

4.Garthdoesn’twork;hejustlivesoffhisinheritance.

A.inheritorB.inherentC.inherit D.inheritance

5.Itcausesmanycomplications,includingsmallplacentasize,stillbirthandlowbirthweight.

. A.stillborn B.stillbirthC.stilllife D.stillwater

6.Themarketwillundervaluegoodsthatyieldsocialbenefitsinexcessofprivatebenefitsandwillconsequentlyproducetoofewofthesegoods.

A.undervalue B.devalueC.underweight D.value

7.Thealertlibrarymediaspecialistwillhaverecognizedatoncethatmainstreamingis,afterall,akindofintegration.

A.majority B.maintenanceC.mainstreaming D.mainframe

8.Thenewdecoderusesanamplitudelocked-incombinationwithaphaselockedlooptoachievethisbreakthrough.

A.loose B.loopholeC.loom D.loop

9.Geometrically,theinnerproductoftwovectorscanbeconsideredameasureoftheirsimilarity.

A.carriers B.vectorsC.agents D.mediums

10.Theyincludeanewwayofcontrollingwaterbornediseases,andofadministeringdrugstopeoplewithchronicdiseases.

A.waterborne B.water-sickC.waterbed D.watercure

U7

VocabularyCheckA

Choosetheappropriatewordfromthelisttocompletethefollowingsentences.

indentationsencroachtarnishimperviousvanquishobliteratedeprecationvalancestorsoremit

1.Thedistancewasnotgreatenoughto【obliterate】details,itonlymadethemlittle,andmellow,anddainty,likelandscapesandtownsseenthroughthewrongendofaspy-glass.

2.Thewater,however,will【encroach】littlebylittleontheshore,theislandbecominglowerandsmaller,andthespacebetweentheinneredgeofthereefandthebeachproportionatelybroader.

3.To【remit】thepunishmentofsuchcrimeswas,hesaid,toencouragethem.

Elizabethalsoweptandwasunhappy,buthersalsowasthemiseryofinnocence,which,likeacloudthatpassesoverthefairmoon,forawhilehidesbutcannot【tarnish】itsbrightness.

5.WhenAjaxsawhismarkheknewitandwasglad;hethrewittothegroundandsaid,"Myfriends,thelotismine,andIrejoice,forIshall【vanquish】Hector.

6.“Now,itisofnouse,Peak,”saidSirJohn,raisinghishandin【deprecation】ofhisdeliveringanymessage;“Iamnotathome.”

7.Insubmarineworks,theworkman,cladinan【impervious】dress,withhisheadinametalhelmet,receivesairfromabovebymeansofforcingpumpsandregulators.

8.Large【valances】ofsilk,embroideredwithflowersofgaycolors,whichwereratherfaded,fellfromthewidewindows;thefittingsoftheroomweresimple,butinexcellenttaste

9.Perhapshadonebeentheretopointthemouttous,wemighthavenoted【indentations】inthemud,buttheywerecountless,oneoverlappinganotherintoaconfusionthatwouldhavebeenentirelymeaninglesstous.

10.Theirarmswereratherlongerandtheirlegsshorterinproportiontothetorsothaninman,andlaterInoticedthattheirgreattoesprotrudedatrightanglesfromtheirfeet—becauseoftheirarborealhabits,Ipresume.

VocabularyCheckB

Fillintheblankswiththebestchoice.

1.Thesealaughedandflashedandpreenedandallured,likeabeautiful,coquettishwoman.

A.coquettishB.vulnerableC.weirdD.shrewd

2.Hehasdonemenoharm,poorwrench,butheisaneyesoretomenow,forheisDriscoll,theyounggentleman,andIama—oh,IwishIw