高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語-名詞和冠詞課件

名詞和冠詞名詞的數(shù)table→tablespark→parksbus→busesbox→boxeswish→wisheswatch→watchesfamily→familiesbutterfly→butterfliesdictionary→dictionariesday→daysholiday→holidaysmonkey→monkeysphoto→photosradio→radioszoo→zoospotato→potatoestomato→tomatoeshero→heroesknife→kniveswife→wiveslife→livesleaf→leavesroof→roofsbelief→beliefs(2)有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不是以加-s或-es構(gòu)成，它們的不規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成形式如下：man→men

woman→womenfoot→feetmouse→mice

goose→geesetooth→teethox→oxen

child→childrenfish,sheep,deer,means(方式；方法),series,Chinese,Swiss2.不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)一般來說，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)的，因此沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般也不能用a或an修飾。通常只用作不可數(shù)名詞的名詞有：milk,homework,housework,weather,news,information,

bread,

advice,progress,equipment,meat,fun,luggage,furniture,wealth,

word(消息),room(空間),man(人類)等。1．表示某種特征、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象概念的不可數(shù)名詞，可以與不定冠詞a(n)連用，表示具體的人或物。主要有：抽象名詞具體化a

surprise讓人吃驚的人或事a

success成功的人或事a

pride讓人驕傲的人或事a

pleasure令人高興的事a

pity令人遺憾的事a

failure失敗的人或事a

relief令人感到寬慰的事a

concern關(guān)心的事a

beauty美麗的人或事2.注意某些物質(zhì)名詞可個體化為可數(shù)名詞，如a

coffee一杯咖啡；two

teas兩杯茶；a

paper一篇論文等?？疾槊~固定搭配在具體語境中的運用。常見的固定搭配：名詞的固定搭配have/gain

access

to取得……的使用機會in

great

demand需求量很大take

place發(fā)生beyond

recognition認不出來take

advantage

of利用out

of

question毫無疑問make

room

for為……騰出空on間condition

that以……為條件，只要make

contact

with與……取得聯(lián)系on

the

whole從整體而言，總的來說make

a

compromise妥協(xié)in

possession

of擁有catch

sight

of突然看見in

the

distance在遠處give

a

solution解決beyond

belief難以置信單句語法填空1．The

little

boy

ate

so

many(potato)andsomuch

meat

that

he

threw

up

atdawn.The

ALS

makes

people’s

muscles

become

hard.

It

is

hardfor

the

patients

to

move.

Stephen

Hocking

is

one

ofthe

sufferers

(suffer).As

we

know,

New

Zealand

is

famous

for

its

beautifulsceneryand

places

(place)

of

interest.potatoes4．While

there

are

amazing

stories

ofinstanttransformation,

for

most

of

us

the

(change)are

gradual

and

require

a

lot

of

effort

and

work,

likecleaning

up

a

polluted

river.5.In

addition

to

their

simple

beauty,

what

makes

theadobedwellings

admirable

is

their (able)

to

“airchangesabilitycondition” a

house

without

using

electric

equipment.6.

It’s

too

early

to

declare

his

efforts

to

bea

success

(successful)．冠詞的基本用法1．不定冠詞的基本用法用在第一次提到的人或物的名詞前，表泛指。

At

that

time,I

was

working

in

a

factory.

Thefactoryproduces

various

car

parts.

那時，我在一家工廠工作。那家工廠生產(chǎn)各種汽車零部件。表示數(shù)量“一”或“任何一個”?！猈hat

would

you

like?——你想喝點什么？—I

would

like

a

coffee

and

two

beers.——我想喝一杯咖啡和兩瓶啤酒。(3)用于序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一，再一”。He

missed

the

gold

medal

in

the

high

jump,

but

he

will

get

asecond

chance

in

the

long

jump.

他在跳高比 中錯失了金牌，但是在跳遠比 中他還有機會。2．定冠詞的基本用法特指前面已提及的人或物，或雙方都知道的人或物。

Take

your

time—it’s

just

a

short

distance

from

here

to

therestaurant.不著急——從這里到那家餐館只有很短的一段距離。用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、形容詞或分詞前，表“一類人或物”。The

explosion

saw

people

rush

to

help

the

injured.爆炸發(fā)生后，人們趕到現(xiàn)場幫助受傷的人。用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞或副詞最高級以及形容詞only,

very,same等之前。Yang

Liwei

is

the

first

man

who

has

been

into

space

in

China.在中國楊利偉是第一個登上太空的人。用于被限制性修飾語加以限定的人或物前。(2015·重慶高考單項填空)I

just

heard

the

bank

where

Doraworks

was

robbed

by

a

gunman

wearing

a

mask.

我剛聽說多拉工作的銀行被一個戴面具的持槍人搶劫了。3．零冠詞的基本用法用于表示泛指的不可數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。Keeping

a

diary

is

a

good

habit,

by

which

you’ll

makegreatprogress.記日記是一個可以讓你取得進步的好習(xí)慣。用于與by連用的表示交通工具、通訊工具的名詞前。

Are

you

going

there

by

plane

or

byship?你是乘飛機還是乘船去那里？用于系動詞turn后的單數(shù)名詞作表語時。After

years

of

hard

work,Tom

turned

engineer

whileMarygood

manager.多年的努力工作之后，湯姆成了工程師而瑪麗成了一名優(yōu)秀的經(jīng)理。冠詞用于固定搭配中1．常用固定結(jié)構(gòu)用于“by＋the＋表示計量單位的名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“按……計算”。—It’s

said

John

will

be

in

a

job

paying

over

$60,

000

a

year.——據(jù)說，約翰將獲得一個年薪超過6萬美元的工作?！猂ight,

he

will

also

get

paid

by

theweek.——是的，他的工資將按周支付。用于“the＋比較級．..the＋比較級．..”(越……越……)結(jié)構(gòu)中。The

more

careful

you

are,

the

fewer

mistakes

you

will

make.你越小心，就會越少犯錯誤。2．冠詞用在固定短語中(1)不定冠詞用于固定搭配中ataloss

不知所措，困惑all

ofasudden

突然in

ahurry

匆忙asarule

通常be

onavisit

參觀；拜訪as

amatter

offact

事實上asaresult

因此be

onadiet

節(jié)食have

a

gift

for

在某方面有天賦have/catch

a

cold

感冒make

aliving

謀生have/take

a

rest

休息in

away

從某種意義上說give

sb.a

lift

讓某人搭便車(2)定冠詞用于固定短語中atthe

moment

此刻；目前at

the

same

time

同時not

in

theleast

一點也不onthe

contrary

相反onthe

whole

總的來說to

tell

the

truth

說實話in

the

distance

在遠處on

the

other

hand

另一方面tothe

point

中肯；切題make

the

most/best

of

充分利用by

the

way

順便說一下gotothe

cinema/theater

去看電影/戲劇in

the

middle

of

在……中間in

the

family

way

懷孕(3)零冠詞用于固定短語中onpurpose

故意地bychance

碰巧catch/onfire

著火atdawn/dusk

在黎明/黃昏outofdate

過時by

sea

乘船Ⅰ單句語法填空The

adobe

dwellings(土坯房)

built

by

the

Pueblo

Indiansof

the

American

Southwest

are

admired

byeven

the

most

modern

of

architects

andengineers.We

can

broaden

our

horizons

and

know

more

about

theworld

by

watching latest

news

andreports.the3．(2016·南昌二模)Lionel

Messi, player

fromthe

South

American

country

of

Argentina,

is

the

greatestsoccer

player

alive

today.4．(2016·河南普通畢業(yè)班適應(yīng)性練習(xí))English

isnow international

language.

It

is

used

in

manyaspects.5．The

experiment

turned

out

to

be

completefailure, which

wasn’t

what

theywanted.6．(2016·河南羅山高中二模)I

said,“You

tell

yoursweetnephew

that

there

are

still

nice

people

left

who

want

to

givethem hand

in

this

world.