高中英語概要寫作02

U“U型三步法”在概要寫作中的嘗試1概要寫作評分原則解讀2“U型三步法”的設(shè)計思路3“U型三步法”的設(shè)計課例本題總分為25分，按5個檔次給分。評分時，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要去來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。詞數(shù)少于40的和多于80的，從總分中減去2分。評分時，應(yīng)主要從以下四個方面考慮...拼寫與標(biāo)點符號是語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個重要方面，評分時，應(yīng)視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個檔次。1概要寫作評分原則解讀④評分時，應(yīng)主要從以下四個方面考慮：

1.對原文要點的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；

2.應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性；

3.上下文的連貫性；

4.對各要點表達的獨立性情況。解讀之篇解讀之篇檔次描述第五檔(21-25)—理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點?！軠?zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯?！行У厥褂昧苏Z句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。—完全使用自己的語言。整體閱讀提煉歸納解讀文本大Passage理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點。小Passage—能準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯?！行У厥褂昧苏Z句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊?！耆褂米约旱恼Z言。解讀之篇UPW要點守恒擴詞成句壓縮文本提煉關(guān)鍵詞WS增色添彩連句成篇SP2“U型三步法”的設(shè)計思路—理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點?！軠?zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯?！行У厥褂昧苏Z句間的連接成分,使結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊?！耆褂米约旱恼Z言?！行У厥褂昧苏Z句間的連接成分,使結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊?！癠型三步法”之第一步PW整體閱讀怎么找？直接提取法間接整合法直接間接混合法找什么？transitionalwordskeywords回視語篇詞拼圖還原語篇主要脈絡(luò)

第一步PW之直接提取法[例1]（節(jié)選自2013年北京卷·閱讀理解C篇）

Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle,hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury,hissold-outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans,leadinghimtocomplainabouthislackofprivacy.Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm-starsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo.第二步WS之同義替換[例1]（節(jié)選自2013年北京卷·閱讀理解C篇）

Thetrackingproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory.Peoplehavebeencrazyabout/obsessedwith

chasingcelebritiesforalongtime.Thecrazeforfollowingcelebritiesstartedlongago.trackingcelebritiesforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,inthe19thcentury,the1920sand1930s

第一步PW之間接整合法[例2]（節(jié)選自2014年四川卷·閱讀理解E篇）

Generally,peoplebelievethatthehormoneoxytocinisletoutinourbodyinvarioussocialsituationsandourbodycreatesalargeamountofitduringpositivesocialinteractionssuchasfallinginloveorgivingbirth.ButinapreviousexperimentProfessorRyanfoundthatthehormoneisalsoletoutinourbodyduringnegativesocialinteractionssuchasenvy.

第二步WS之同義替換[例2]（節(jié)選自2014年四川卷·閱讀理解E篇）Thehormoneoxytocinisreleasedinnegativeaswellaspositivesocialcontacts.

Generally,thehormoneoxytocinletoutpositiveButnegativesocialinteractions

第一步PW之直接間接混合法[例3]（節(jié)選自Module6Unit2Poems）

Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry.Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgiveastrongimpression.Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.

[例3]（節(jié)選自Module6Unit2Poems）

reasonswritepoetry.SomedescribeOthersconveycertainemotions.第二步WS之同義替換Peoplecomposepoemsfordifferentpurposes,somedescriptivewhileothersemotional.Poemsstemfrompeople'sintentions

of

sharingstoriesorfeelings.Poetryspringsfrompeople'sdesirestodepictthings,ortoportrayemotions.“U型三步法”之第二步

WS句內(nèi)連接（要點內(nèi)部）（1）詞連接（2）句型連接（3）語法結(jié)構(gòu)連接要點守恒簡單句：同義替換復(fù)合句：詞的精確句的達意同義替換第二步WS之句內(nèi)連接（要點內(nèi)部）[例4]（節(jié)選自2013年北京卷·閱讀理解C篇）

Althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue,today’sstars,feelinglikezooanimals,facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine.Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld’sattention.Paparazzicampoutsidetheirhomes,camerasready.Tabloidspublishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives.Justimaginenotbeingabletodoanythingwithoutbeingphotographedorinterruptedforasignature.AccordingtopsychologistChristinaVillarreal，celebrities－famouspeople－worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance.Eventually，theystarttolosetrackofwhotheyreallyare，seeingthemselvesthewaytheirfansimaginethem，notasthepeopletheywerebeforeeveryoneknewtheirnames.“Overtime,”Villarrealsays,“theyfeelseparatedandalone.”第二步WS之句內(nèi)連接:詞連接

thecenterofattentioncelebritiesworrypublicappearacnelosetrack

Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.Sincecelebritiesarethefocusofmuchattentionandareoverlyconcernedabouttheirpublicimage,theystarttolosetheirownidentity.andthus;asaresult/consequence;consequently...第二步WS之句內(nèi)連接:句型連接

Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.Asthefocusofmuchattention,notonlyarecelebritiesoverlyconcernedabouttheirpublicimage,buttheyalsostarttolosethemselves.Asthefocusofmuchattention,celebritiesaresoconcernedabouttheirpublicimagethattheyevenstarttolosethemselvesontheroadtofame.第二步WS之句內(nèi)連接:語法結(jié)構(gòu)連接

Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.Celebrities,thefocusofmuchattention,areparticularlyattentivetotheirpublicimage,someevenlosingtheirtrueselves.Chasedaroundnearlyallthetime,celebrities,whostrivetoliveuptothepublicexpectations,evengetlostontheroadtofame.“U型三步法”之第三步SP句與句連接（要點與要點之間）（1）增加連接詞（2）采用連接句（3）應(yīng)用篇章結(jié)構(gòu)語篇同構(gòu)銜接自然行文流暢第三步SP連接之增加連接詞邏輯關(guān)系連接詞表轉(zhuǎn)折yet;but;while;however;nevertheless;whereas;although;though;despitethefactthat;inspiteof;onthecontrary;ontheotherhand;evenso;incontrast;instead;unlike;differentfrom;unfortunately...表因果therefore;so;asaresult/consequence;consequently;hence;thus;accordingly;inthisway;becauseof;dueto;thanksto;owingto...表遞進what'smore;what'sworse;worsestill;besides;inaddition;moreover;also;furthermore;notonly...butalso;too...to表總結(jié)inshort;inbrief;briefly;tosumup;onthewhole;inconclusion;inaword...其他副詞hopefully;sadly;(un)fortunately;surprisingly...

[例5]（節(jié)選自2014年新課標(biāo)I卷·閱讀理解A篇）

Atypicalliontamerinpeople’smindisanentertainerholdingawhipandachair.Thewhipgetalloftheattention,butit’smostlyforshow.Inreality,it’sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion’sface,theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.Withitsfocusdivided,thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions,thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair.Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion?Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachiever(e.g.loseweight,startabusiness,travelmore)–onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress?Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan’tfocusorthatwe’refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.第三步SP連接之采用連接句Infaceofthefourlegsofawavingchair,alionstaysstill,unabletodecidewhichonetoconcentrateon,________________________________.Whenconfrontedwithnumerouschoices,peopletendtoshrinkback,makingnoadvances.第三步SP連接之采用連接句whichisoftenthecasewithhumans[例6]（選自2015年廣東卷·閱讀理解C篇）DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit’simportanttodistinguishtelevision’sinfluencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily.WetendtoblameTV,hesays,forproblemsitdoesn’treallycause,overlookingourownrolesinshapingchildren’sminds.Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatitreducesachild’sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld.WhilewatchingTV,childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages.Instead,theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.Actually,childrenlearnearlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.Furthermore,asmanyteachersagree,childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem,explainingnewwordsandideas.Yet,mostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherroom.Anotherargumentagainsttelevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAnderson,theamountoftimespentwatchingtelevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdoesn’ttaketheplaceofreadingformostchildren;ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortsofrecreation,suchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports.Thingslikeparents’educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild’sreading.“Achild’sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads.”Andersonsays.Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthatheavytelevision-watchinglowersIQscoresandaffectsschoolperformance.Buthere,too,Andersonnotesthatnostudieshaveprovedit.Infact,researchsuggeststhatit’stheotherwayaround.“Ifyou’resmartyoung,you’llwatchlessTVwhenyou’reolder,”Andersonsays.Yet,peopleoflowerIQtendtobelifelongtelevisionviewers.Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevisionisdangeroustochildren.However,byshowingthattelevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved,Andersonsuggeststhattelevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences.第三步SP連接之采用篇章結(jié)構(gòu)Onetraditionalbelief...Anotherargument...Traditionalwisdomalsohas...DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,contradictssomelong-heldviewsabouttheimpactTVshaveonkids,arguingthatparentsshouldberesponsibleinstead._____,ifaccompaniedbyparents,kidsknowmorewhilewatchingTV._______,watchingTVdoesn’tweakenchildren’sreadingabilitywhichindeedmirrorsthereadinghabitsofparents.______,noproofshowswatchingTVreduceskid’sIQ.第三步SP連接之采用篇章結(jié)構(gòu)SecondFirstThird3“U型三步法”的設(shè)計課例[例7]（選自全國統(tǒng)一考試英語科考試說明P24）Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist（免疫學(xué)家）,encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.P-W之transitionalwords

Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.P-W之keywordsGettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.

Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.P-W之

keywords

P-W之keywords

Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?

P-W之keywords

Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.

W-S之

要點1

nothingfixed;attitudestodirt

Peopleholddifferentviewstowardsdirtonourskin.Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.（選自考試說明范文）Therearemixedviewsaboutdirtonourskin.Opinionsvary/changeastothedirtonourskin.W-S之

要點2

dirtontheskin;blockoutdisease;alongtime;Europe;livedwithdirtPeople,suchasEuropeans,thoughtdirtdefendedtheirbodiesagainsttheattackofdisease.People,suchasEuropeans,hadlongconsidereddirtontheskinhelpedresistillness.Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.（選自考試說明范文）People,suchasEuropeans,usedtoregarddirtontheskinasabarrieragainstdisease.W-S之

要點3

cleaningawaydirt;good;standardsofcleanliness;movedbeyondscience

Itwasnotuntilthe18thcenturythatpeolecametobelievewashingoffdirtbenefitedhealth,butovertimetheyhavebecometooparticularaboutcleanliness.Peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.（選自考試說明范文）Centurieslater,peoplecametoadoptascientificviewondirt,andconsidereditahealthyp