專題08閱讀理解-2022-2023學年高二英語上學期期末專項復習（譯林版2020）

專題08閱讀理解-2022-2023學年高二英語上學期期末專項復習（譯林版2020）閱讀理解不同題型的分析:一、例證題1.例證題的標記。當題干中出現(xiàn)example,case,illustrate,illustration,exemplify時。2.返回原文，找出該例證所在的位置，既給該例子定位。3.搜索該例證周圍的區(qū)域，90%向上，10%向下，找出該例證支持的觀點。例子周圍具有概括抽象性的表達通常就是它的論點。注意：舉例的目的是為了支持論點或是為了說明主題句。舉例后馬上問這個例子說明了什么問題?不能用例子中的話來回答這個問題。4.找出該論點，并與四個選項比較，得出選項中與該論點最一致的答案。5.例證題錯誤答案設(shè)計的干擾特征經(jīng)常是：就事論事。即用例子中的某一內(nèi)容拉出來讓你去選。(╳)要求：在閱讀中，遇到長的例子，立即給這個例子定位，即找出起始點，從哪開始到哪結(jié)束。二、指代題1.返回原文，找出出題的指代詞。2.向上搜索，找最近的名詞、名詞性短語或句子(先從最近點開始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不會離得太遠)。3.將找到的詞、詞組或句子的意思代入替換該指代詞，看其意思是否通順。4.將找到的詞、詞組或句子與四個選項進行比較，找出最佳答案。三、詞匯題①返回原文，找出該詞匯出現(xiàn)的地方。②確定該詞匯的詞性③從上下文(詞匯的前后幾句)中找到與所給詞匯具有相同詞性的詞(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所給詞匯在文章中的位置(將之替換)看語義是否合適④找出選項中與代替詞意思相同或相近的選相，即答案注意：a.如果該詞匯是簡單詞匯，則其字面意思必然不是正確答案。b.高考閱讀不是考察字認識不認識，而是考察是否能根據(jù)上下文作出正確的判斷。c.詞匯題的正確答案經(jīng)常蘊藏在原文該詞匯出現(xiàn)的附近。注意不能靠單詞詞義直接往下推。d.尋找時要注意同位語、特殊標點(比如分號，分號前后兩句話的邏輯關(guān)系不是形式上的并列就是語義上的并列，也就是兩句話的意思相同，所以可用其中一句話的意思來推測另一句話的意思從而推出所給詞匯含義)、定語從句、前后綴，特別要注意尋找時的同性原則。比如：讓猜一個名詞詞組(動詞詞組)的意思，我們就向上向下搜索名詞詞組(動詞詞組)。四、句子理解題1.返回原文找到原句。2.對原句進行語法和詞義的精確分析(找主干)，應(yīng)該重點抓原句的字面含義。若該句的字面含義不能確定，則依據(jù)上下文進行判斷。注意：局部含義是由整體決定的。3.一般來說，選項中的正確答案與原句意思完全相同，只不過用其他英語詞匯換種表達而已。4.句子理解題的錯誤選項干擾項特征：推得過遠。做題時應(yīng)把握住推的度。思路：對句子微觀分析?不行就依據(jù)上下文?選擇時不要推得過遠。五、推理題1.標志：learn,infer,imply,inform2.看是否可以通過題干返回原文或依據(jù)選項返回原文。一般要圍繞文中的一兩個重點進行推理。推理題無論通過題干能不能定位，我們都要把它固化到文章的一兩點上。3.原文的某句話變個說法六、主旨題1.主旨題的標志：mainlyabout,mainlydiscuss,thebesttitle2.串線法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句話，把其意思連接成一個整體。要注意總結(jié)性的提示詞和轉(zhuǎn)折詞，特別要注意中心句。(主要針對自然段少的文章;針對自然段多的文章，主旨題最好聯(lián)系中心句。找一個和中心句最貼近的)3.小心首段陷阱。4.主旨題錯誤選項的干擾特征經(jīng)常是：①局部信息，即選項的內(nèi)容小于文章的內(nèi)容;②范圍過寬，即選項的內(nèi)容大于文章的內(nèi)容。5.逆向思維法、快速作文法：在兩個選項看上去都十分正確無法選擇時，試著從選項出發(fā)，想象一下如果自己以此選項來寫文章會有那些內(nèi)容，然后把它與文章的內(nèi)容比較，接近的即為正確選項。七、作者態(tài)度題1.標志：attitude2.應(yīng)精確理解四個選項的含義。3.不要摻雜自己的觀點。4.可以尋找文中一些具有感情色彩的詞。如：fortunately,unluckily等等5.舉例的方式。6.抓論述的主線。把第一段讀透，把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出來，看整個文章的謀篇結(jié)構(gòu)。7.做作者態(tài)度題時特別注意：首先看清楚是誰對誰的態(tài)度。八、判斷題1.看可否通過四個選項具體化到文中一點或者根據(jù)自然段原則定位。2.每個選項都應(yīng)返回原文，不能憑主觀印象進行判斷。3.要重點抓是“三錯一對”還是“三對一錯”的關(guān)系(做題是要看清題目)。九、細節(jié)題看完題目回到原文，重疊原文，得出答案

正確答案的特征：1.正確答案經(jīng)常與中心思想有關(guān)。2.正確答案的位置，最常見的三個位置是：段首段尾處、轉(zhuǎn)折處、因果處。3.正確答案經(jīng)常運用的原則是：同義替換、正話反說、反話正說。4.從語氣角度來看，正確答案中經(jīng)常含有不肯定的語氣詞和委婉表達的用詞。如：can,may,might,possible,notnecessarily,some.5.正確答案經(jīng)常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只見樹木不見森林。錯誤答案的特征：第一大層次：①無中生有(未提及的概念);②正反混淆(選項的意思跟原文的意思正好相反);③所答非所問(雖然選項的說法沒有問題，符合原文，但和題干搭不上邊)第二大層次：①過分絕對;②擴大范圍(注意隱蔽型的擴大范圍mostly);③因果倒置;④常識判斷;⑤推得過遠;⑥偏離中心;⑦變換詞性?！纠}精講】【2021-2022學年高二第一學期江蘇省海安市期末英語試題】AYosemiteNationalParkYosemiteisallaboutrestorationthisyear.Thismonththepark'smaincorridorisbeingrepaired.Thepark'sgalleryreopenedtothepublicinAprilafterremodelingtoallowfullaccessibilityforthedisabled.EvenJohnMuir,knownasthefatherofthenationalparks,isbeingrevived（使復活）bytheactorLeeStetson,whowillansweraudiencequestionsabouttheparkanditshistoryattheYosemiteTheater.PetrifiedForestNationalParkPetrifiedForestNationalParkisnowmappingself-guidedhikestoitsmoreremotedestinations,inparttoremindvisitorsthattheparksaretheirstowander.InAugust,anewfieldinstitutewillbeginofferingclassesledbygeologists,photographersandotherexperts.Andnextyear,lookforelectricvehiclechargingstationstoappearatthenorthandsouthentrancesofthepark.AcadiaNationalParkAcadiaNationalParkistobeginmanaginganewcampgroundonMaine'sSchoodicPeninsulathisfall.Thesitewillofferalmost100R.V.andtentsites,aswellasnewhikingandbikingtrailsconnectingtoGouldsboroVillageandexistingparktrailsleadingtothepeninsula'stip.WetherillMesaWetherillMesawillhaveanextendedseasonthisyear（throughmid-October），givingcyclistsmuchtimetoenjoynewaccesstothepark'ssix-mileLongHouseLoop,apavedpathformerlyusedfortramservice,andthebackcountryroutesonthepark'smostpopularhike.Naturally,plansareintheworkstoopenanon-sitebikerentaloperationwithintheyear.1.WhatdoweknowaboutYosemiteNationalPark？______A.Itsgalleryisaccessibletothedisabled.B.Itwillbeclosedforrepairsalltheyear.C.LeeStetsoniswell-knownasitsfounder.D.Itwillofferalmost100R.V.andtentsites.2.Inwhichnationalparkwillyoubeabletorentbikes？______A.WetherillMesa.B.AcadiaNationalPark.C.YosemiteNationalPark.D.PetrifiedForestNationalPark.3.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage？______A.Toappealtopeopletopreservethenationalparks.B.TosharehisowndiscoveriesatthenationalparksC.Tointroducesomethingnewatthenationalparks.D.Todescribethenaturalsceneryofthenationalparks.【答案】1-3AAC【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹關(guān)于幾個國家公園的新規(guī)劃。（1）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Thepark'sgalleryreopenedtothepublicinAprilafterremodelingtoallowfullaccessibilityforthedisabled."（公園的畫廊經(jīng)過改造后，于4月重新向公眾開放，允許殘疾人完全進入。）可知，殘疾人可以無障礙地進入公園的畫廊。故選A項。（2）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句"Naturally,plansareintheworkstoopenanon-sitebikerentaloperationwithintheyear."（當然，在今年內(nèi)開設(shè)現(xiàn)場自行車租賃業(yè)務(wù)的計劃正在進行中。）可知，在今后不久的將來，你能在WetherillMesa公園租賃到自行車。故選A項。（3）C.目的意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Yosemiteisallaboutrestorationthisyear."（Yosemite公園今年準備修復）及最后一段"WetherillMesawillhaveanextendedseasonthisyear（throughmid-October），givingcyclistsmuchtimetoenjoynewaccesstothepark'ssix-mileLongHouseLoop"（WetherillMesa今年將有一個延長的季節(jié)（到10月中旬），讓騎自行車的人有更多的時間享受進入公園的6英里長的新的LongHouseLoop。）可知，本篇文章在介紹這四個國家公園的新的規(guī)劃。故選C項。BAlmosteveryoneknowsthesaying,"Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover."，whichmeansyoushouldnotguesstheworthorvalueofsomethingbasedonhowitlooks.ThatmessagewasclearatarecenteventcalledtheHumanLibraryProject.TheeventtookplaceattheNorthernVirginia,orNoVa,munityCollege,outsideofWashington.D.C.TheHumanLibrarybegan19yearsagoinDenmark.Itgrewfromayouthorganizationcalled"StoptheViolence".Today,itisaworldwidemovement.AttheNoVaevent,studentsgotthechancetolearnfromaperson-a"humanbook"-insteadofalibrarybook.PatriciaCooperorganizedtheevent.Shesaidthathumanbookscelebratevarietybytellingtheirlifestoriesinaneasy-goingsetting.Thegoalofthehumanlibraryistotalktopeopleinyourmunitywhoyoumayotherwisenotspeaktobecauseyouhaveyourownprejudicesandhopefullytobreakdownsomeofthesebarriers.ThisisthethirdyearthatNoVahasheldsuchanevent.Thecollectionofhumanbooksincludedacivilrightsactivist,ascientistfromtheAmericanspaceagencyNASA，andanoperasinger.ArtistBrianDaileywasahumanbook.Hespokeabouthistravelsto113countriesinsevenyears.Daileysaidthatduringhistravels,heaskedpeoplewhomhetookpicturesofforaone-wordanswertoaseriesofotherwords-suchaslove,freedomandwar.Hediscoveredthatpeopleindifferentcountriesoftenhadverydifferentreactionstothesameword.WhenDaileyaskedpeopleinAfricaabouttheword"war"theyusedwordslikejustice,liberationandpeace.WhenheaskedthesamequestiontopeopleinSyrianrefugee（難民）camps,theanswerwas："tears,hunger,fear,destruction".4.Accordingtothetext,howtounderstandthesaying"Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover."？______A.Readersmaymissalotiftheyreadabookjustbetweenlines.B.Peoplecanlearnmorelifelessonsfromothersinthehumanlibrary.C.Peoplecanreallyunderstandthevalueofabookinthehumanlibrary.D.Readerscan'tunderestimatetheworthofabookbecauseofitsplaincover.5.What'sthepurposeoforganizingthehumanlibrary？______A.Toprovidemoreinformationforreaders.B.Tosatisfytheneedsofthenewgeneration.C.Tomakepeoplemunicatewitheachother.D.Toimprovetheenvironmentofthemunity.6.WhatdowelearnfromthehumanbookofBrianDailey？______A.Hisreactionstodifferentcultures.B.Hisinternationaltravelexperiences.C.Hisstrongdevotiontohumanrights.D.Hiscontributionstoadvancesinsociety.7.Whichofthefollowingisthesuitabletitleforthetext？______A.Don'tReadBooksjustBetweenLines.B.PreferaHumanBooktoaRealBook.C.EnjoyReadingwiththeHelpofOthers.D.TalkwithaFellowHumanfromThisLibrary.【答案】4-7DCBD【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了"人類圖書館"計劃。該計劃始于19世紀，在這項活動中，人們有機會向另一個人---一本"行走的書"---學習，而不是圖書館里的紙質(zhì)書。（4）D．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Almosteveryoneknowsthesaying,‘Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.'，whichmeansyoushouldnotguesstheworthorvalueofsomethingbasedonhowitlooks"（幾乎每個人都知道"Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover."這句話，意思是你不應(yīng)該根據(jù)一件東西的外觀來判斷它的價值）可知，這句話的意思是不能根據(jù)事物的外觀來判斷它的價值，即讀者不能因為一本書的平裝封面而低估它的價值。故選D項。（5）C．目的意圖題。根據(jù)第三段"Thegoalofthehumanlibraryistotalktopeopleinyourmunitywhoyoumayotherwisenotspeaktobecauseyouhaveyourownprejudicesandhopefullytobreakdownsomeofthesebarriers."（人類圖書館的目標是與你社區(qū)里的人交流，通常，可能因為你有自己的偏見而不愿意和他們交流，人類圖書館有望能打破這些障礙）可知，這個項目的目的是讓人們與其他人更多地交流。故選C項。（6）B．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段"ArtistBrianDaileywasahumanbook.Hespokeabouthistravelsto113countriesinsevenyears."（藝術(shù)家布萊恩?戴利是一本"行走的書"。他講述了自己在7年里游歷113個國家的經(jīng)歷）可知，布萊恩?戴利游歷了113個國家，作為一本"行走的書"，他的國際旅行經(jīng)歷是我們學習的內(nèi)容。故選B項。（7）D．標題判斷題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第二段"AttheNoVaevent,studentsgotthechancetolearnfromaperson—a"humanbook"—insteadofalibrarybook."（在NoVa的活動中，學生們得到了向一個人學習的機會---一本"行走的書"，而不是圖書館的書）可知，本文介紹了"人類圖書館計劃"，在這個計劃中，學生有機會與一個人---一本"行走的書"，而不是一本紙質(zhì)書交流，并向他們學習，所以"TalkwithaFellowHumanfromThisLibrary（和"人類圖書館"里的人類交流）"是最佳標題。故選D項。CIt'sbelievedthatafterapoornight'ssleep,astrongcoffeeisthekick-startthatmanypeopleneedinthemorning,butanewresearchsuggeststhatitmightbebesttohaveabitetoeatfirst.Astudyhasfoundthatdrinkingcoffeefirstcanhaveanegativeeffectonbloodsugarcontrolariskfactorfordiabetes（糖尿?。゛ndheartdisease."Weknowthatnearlyhalfofuswillwakeinthemorningand,beforedoinganythingelse,drinkcoffee-subjectivelythemoretiredwefeel,thestrongerthecoffee,"saidProfessorJamesBetts,attheUniversityofBathintheUK.Fortheirstudy,researchersattheUniversityofBathgot29healthymenandwomentotakepartinthreedifferentovernightexperiments,withatleastaweekbetweenthem.Inone,theparticipantshadanormalnight'ssleep,roughlyfrom11p.m.to7a.m.，andwereaskedtoconsumeasugarydrinkonwakinginthemorning.Theythenexperiencedaninterruptednight'ssleep,wheretheresearcherswokethemeveryhourforfiveminutesbysendingthemtextmessagestowhichtheyhadtorespond-anduponwakingweregiventhesamesugarydrink.Onanothernight,participantsexperiencedthesamesleepinterruption,butthistime,werefirstgivenastrongblackcoffee30minutesbeforeconsumingthesugarydrink.Theyfoundthatonenightofinterruptedsleepdidnotworsentheparticipants'bloodsugarandinsulin（胰島素）responseswhenparedtothenormalnight'ssleep-althoughpreviousresearchsuggestedthatlosingmanyhoursofsleepormanynightsofpoorsleepcouldhaveanegativeeffect.However,strongblackcoffeeconsumedbeforebreakfastactuallyincreasedthebloodsugarresponsebyaround50%—suggestingthatrelyingoncoffeeafterabadnighttostopfeelingsleepycouldlimityourbody'sabilitytotoleratethesugarinyourbreakfast.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"kick-start"inparagraph1referto？______A.Akindofdrink.B.Akindofhabit.C.Akindofpower.D.Akindofmedicine.9.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothetext？______A.Ifwefeeltired,weshouldchoosestrongercoffeeB.Drinkingcoffeefirstmaycausesomeseriousdiseases.C.ItshowsthathavingbreakfastfirstcanrefreshsleepypeopleD.Halfofpeoplearehardtokickthehabitofdrinkingstrongcoffee.10.Whatincreasedtheparticipants'bloodsugarresponsemostbeforebreakfast？______A.Acupofstrongblackcoffee.B.Anormalnight'ssleep.C.Aninterruptednight'ssleep.D.Anormalsugarydrink.11.Howdidresearchersdrawtheconclusion？______A.Bylistingsomeexamples.B.Byobservingtheprocess.C.Byexplainingaphenomenon.D.Byparingtheresults.【答案】8-11CBAD【解析】本文是一篇健康環(huán)保類說明文。文章講述了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，先喝咖啡會對血糖控制產(chǎn)生負面影響，而血糖控制是糖尿病和心臟病的風險因素之一。（8）C.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文內(nèi)容Astrongcoffeeafterapoornight'ssleep（一夜沒睡好之后，喝一杯濃咖啡。）可推知，kick-start指的是在晚上沒有睡好之后"一種提神的力量"。結(jié)合選項A.Akindofdrink一種飲料；B.Akindofhabit一種習慣；C.Akindofpower一種力量；D.Akindofmedicine一種藥物。故選C。（9）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容Astudyhasfoundthatdrinkingcoffeefirstcanhaveanegativeeffectonbloodsugarcontrolariskfactorfordiabetes（糖尿病）andheartdisease.（一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，先喝咖啡會對血糖控制產(chǎn)生負面影響，這是糖尿病和心臟病的風險因素。）可知B項Drinkingcoffeefirstmaycausesomeseriousdiseases.（先喝咖啡可能會導致一些嚴重的疾病。）表述正確，符合題意，故選B。（10）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段However,strongblackcoffeeconsumedbeforebreakfastactuallyincreasedthebloodsugarresponsebyaround50%"（然而，早餐前喝一杯濃黑咖啡實際上會使血糖反應(yīng)增加50%左右。）可知，早餐前，一杯濃黑咖啡增加了受試者的血糖反應(yīng)。故選A。（11）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的Fortheirstudy,researchersattheUniversityofBathgot29healthymenandwomentotakepartinthreedifferentovernightexperiments,withatleastaweekbetweenthem.（在他們的研究中，巴斯大學的研究人員讓29名健康的男性和女性參加了三種不同的夜間實驗，每次實驗至少持續(xù)一周。）和文章最后一段"Theyfoundthatonenightofinterruptedsleepdidnotworsentheparticipants'bloodsugarandinsulinresponseswhenparedtothenormalnight'ssleep（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與正常晚上的睡眠相比，一個晚上的睡眠中斷并沒有惡化參與者的血糖和胰島素反應(yīng)。）可推知，研究者是通過對比試驗結(jié)果得出結(jié)論的。故選D。DAlmosteveryonegossips.Andanewstudyfindsthatpeoplespendabout52minutesperday,onaverage,talkingtosomeoneaboutotherswhoarenotpresentButhere'sthesurprise：Despitetheassumptionthatmostgossipistrashtalk,thestudyfindsthemajorityofgossipisnonjudgmentalchat."Peoplelovetotalkaboutothers,"saysJeremyCone,apsychologistatWilliamsCollege."Thinkaboutyourownconversationswithafamilymemberorfriend：Youtalkabouteverydaythingsthatkeepyouconnected.Youshareyourdaughtergotherdriver'slicenseoryourunclehasakidneystone.Muchofitisjustdocumentingfacts."Ofcourse,thestudyalsofindsthatsomegossipisnegativeormean-spirited.About15%ofthegossipincludedsometypeofnegativejudgement.Butevennegativegossipcanserveapurpose,asmoreresearchhasfound."Ithinkgossipingcanbeasmartthingtodo,"saysElenaMartinescuwhohasstudiedgossipintheworkplace."Itallowspeopletokeeptrackofwhat'sgoingonandformsocialconnectionwithotherpeople."Researchhasshownthatgossipcanhelpbuildgroupcohesion（凝聚力）andcooperation."Whenyougossip,youcankeeptrackofwhoiscontributingtothegroupandwho'sbeingselfish,"Martinescuexplains."Andbysharingthisinformation,youcanexcludethosegroupmemberswhoaresocialloafers（游手好閑的人）.""Wealsofoundnegativegossipmakespeoplelikelytorepairtheaspectsoftheirbehaviorthattheywerecriticizedfor,"Martinescusays.So,say,forinstance,youwerecriticizedforalwaysarrivingatworklate.Hearingthatgossipaboutyourselfmaymotivateyoutowanttobeontime.Ofcourse,thisisn'talicensetobelooselipsortorepeatbaselessclaimsthatcandamagesomeone'sreputationunfairly.Butconfiding（吐露個人隱私）inyourfriendsandcolleaguesandsharingimpressionsaboutanotherperson-evenwhenthey'renegative-maybehelpful.12.WhydopeopleoftengossipaccordingtoJeremyCone？______A.Becausegossipcansatisfytheircuriosity.B.Becausetheycansharesocialinformation.C.Becausetheywanttocorrectothers'mistakes.D.Becausespreadingnegativefactsisunavoidable.13.InElenaMartinescu'sopinion,whatcanpeoplebenefitfromgossip？______A.Peoplecanbeimprovedinanall-roundway.B.Peoplecangetridofimmoralbehaviorrapidly.C.Peoplecanbekeptinformedofothers'privacy.D.Peoplecanchangetheirbehaviorforthebetter.14.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisrightaccordingtothetext？______A.Itisplaintoseethatpeoplegossipallthetime.B.Basedonthestudy,themajorityofgossipistrashtalk.C.It'sadvisablethatweturnadeafeartonegativegossip.D.It'slikelythatgossiphelpsusknowmoreaboutone'squality.15.Whatconclusioncanwedrawaboutgossip？______A.Gossipisthelastthingpeoplecoulddo.B.Gossipshouldbeadvocatedbythesociety.C.Gossipmaynotbeasharmfulasitsounds.D.Gossipisthebestwaytobuildsocialbonds.【答案】12-15BDDC【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章對八卦進行了一個客觀的評價，我們可能想象不到八卦也有其好處。（12）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第二段Thinkaboutyourownconversationswithafamilymemberorfriend：Youtalkabouteverydaythingsthatkeepyouconnected.可知她認為八卦是保持日常社交聯(lián)系的一種方式。故選B。（13）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段So,say,forinstance,youwerecriticizedforalwaysarrivingatworklate.Hearingthatgossipaboutyourselfmaymotivateyoutowanttobeontime.可知有時候八卦會讓你正確看待自己的不足從而改變不好的某些行為或習慣。D.Peoplecanchangetheirbehaviorforthebetter.正確。故選D。（14）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第一段"Butconfiding（吐露個人隱私）inyourfriendsandcolleaguesandsharingimpressionsaboutanotherperson—evenwhenthey'renegative—maybehelpful."以及文章倒數(shù)第三段"Whenyougossip,youcankeeptrackofwhoiscontributingtothegroupandwho'sbeingselfish,"可知，八卦極有可能讓我們更了解一個人的品質(zhì)。故選D。（15）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第六段"Itallowspeopletokeeptrackofwhat'sgoingonandformsocialallianceswithotherpeople."第七段Researchhasshownthatgossipcanhelpbuildgroupcohesionandcooperation."Whenyougossip,youcankeeptrackofwhoiscontributingtothegroupandwho'sbeingselfish,"Martinescuexplains."Andbysharingthisinformation,youcanexcludethosegroupmemberswhoaresocialloafers."及第八段"Wealsofoundthatnegativegossipmakespeoplelikelytorepairtheaspectsoftheirbehaviorthattheywerecriticizedfor,"Martinescusays.可知文章旨在告訴我們八卦不像我們想象中的都是不好的信息。因此C.Gossipmaynotbeasharmfulasitsounds.正確。故選C?！?021-2022學年江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市高二上學期期末英語試卷】LostcitiesthathavebeenfoundTheWhiteCityIn2015，ateamofexplorerstoHondurasinsearchof"theLostCityoftheMonkeGod"ledtothediscoveryoftheWhitecity.TheyfoundtheruinsintheMosquitiaregionoftheCentralAmaricancountrywhichisknownforpoisonoussnakes，viciousjaguarsanddeadlyinsects.ItisbelievedthatlocalpeoplehidherewhentheSpanishconquerors（征服者）occupiedtheirhomelandinthe16thcentury.CanopusandHeracleionModernresearcherswereteasedbytheancientwritingsabouttheEgyptiancitiesCanopusandHeraclius-whereQueenCleopatraoftenvisited.Butthecitiesweren'tfounduntil1992，whenasearchinAlexandriawatersfoundthatthetwocitieshadbeenfloodedforcenturies.Artifacts（史前器物）showedthatthecitiesoncehighlydevelopedasatradenetwork，whichhelpedresearcherspiecetogethermoreaboutthelastqueenofEgypt.MachuPicchuAYaleprofessordiscovered"theLostCityintheClouds"in1911.Abinationofpalacesplazas，templesandhomes，MachupinchdisplaystheIncaEmpireattheheightofitsrule.ThelocalpeoplefromtheSpanishconquerorshidthecity，whichwasabandonedinthe16thcenturyforunknownreasons，forcenturies，keepingitsowellpreserved.TroyTheancientcityofTroyinHomer'sTheIliadwasconsideredafictionalsettingforhischaracidtarstorunwild.Butin1871，explorationsinnorthwesternTurkeyexposednineancientcitieslayered（is）ontopofeachother，theearliestdatingbacktoabout5，000yearsbefore.ItwaslaterdeterminedthatthesixthorseventhlayercontainedthelostcityofTroyandthatitwasactuallydestrovebyanearthquake，notawoodenhorse.（1）WhydidpeoplehideintheWhilecityinthe16thcentury？______A.Tosurvivethewar.B.Tosearchforalostcity.C.Toprotecttheircountry.D.Toavoiddangerousanimals.（2）Whichofthefollowingwasrelatedtoaroyalfamilymember？______A.TheWhitecityB.CanopusandHeracleionC.MachupinchD.Troy（3）WhatcanwelearnaboutTroy？______A.ItwasbuiltbyHomer.B.Itconsistedofninecities.C.Ithadahistoryof5，000years.D.Itwasruinedbyanaturaldisaster.【答案】1-3ABD（1）A．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)句子It?is?believed?that?local?people?hid?here?when?the?Spanish?conquerors（征服者）occupied?their?homeland?in?the16th?century.據(jù)信，十六世紀西班牙征服者占領(lǐng)他們的家園時，當?shù)鼐用裨诖硕悴仄饋?。可知躲藏起來是為了在?zhàn)爭中生存。所以答案選A．（2）B．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Canopus?and?Heracleion這個城市里的句子：Artifacts（史前器物）showed?that?the?cities?once?highly?developed?as?a?trade?network，which?helped?researchers?piece?together?more?about?the?last?queen?of?Egypt.文物表明，這些城市一度高度發(fā)達，作為一個貿(mào)易網(wǎng)絡(luò)，幫助研究人員拼湊出更多關(guān)于埃及最后一位女王的信息。與女王有關(guān)的信息?？梢娺@個城市與王室成員有聯(lián)系，可知CanopusandHeracleion與王室有關(guān)。所以答案選B．（3）D．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)句子It?was?later?determined?that?the?sixth?or?seventh?layer?contained?the?lost?city?of?Troy?and?that?it?was?actually?destroyed?by?an?earthquake，后來確定，第六層或第七層包含了失去的Troy城，實際上它被地震摧毀了?？芍灰粓鲎匀粸?zāi)害毀壞了。所以答案選D．BAFloridateenisgainingnationalattentionwithhergraduationspeechandabasketofstrawberries."Careforsomestrawberries?"BrendasaidathergraduationfromMulberryHighSchool.Afterjokinglyacknowledgingtheremightnotbeenough,shewenton,"Thesearenoordinarystrawberries."Sheheldupaseriesofstrawberries,revealingwhateachrepresents:sweat,dirt,aches,andpains—they'rehermotivators.BrendadescribedherselfasthedaughteroftwotirelessfarmerswhoimmigratedfromMexicoandspentmostoftheirdaysworkinginfieldsofstrawberries,blueberries,andcucumbers."Mymotivationhasbeenrootedinmymigrantculture."Becauseofthis,shechosetofocusonthatinheraddress."Manystudentsusedtobeashamedoftheirupbringingbuttoday,we'reproudofwhatmakesus."Sheexplainedhowshegrewupunderpoorconditions."I'mmotivatedbymyparents'handsthatlosefeelingfromlaboriouswork.Despitethehotsunandbodypains,theybackmeupheartandsoulinmyeducation,whichweighsmorestronglywithmethananythingelse.Imustworkhardandsucceed."Brenda'sheadingtoStanfordUniversitythisfall.ShealsocreditedsomeofherachievementtoherteacherHiggins,whohelpsmigrantstudentsandthepoor.Herspeechhasbeenviewedbythousandsonline."Hearingittouchedotherpeople'sheartswhosaidtheyunderstoodmymessage,I'mstruckthesame,"Brendasaidlater.MulberryHighSchoolPrincipalMichaelYoungwasonememberoftheaudiencegettingemotional."Thespeechwasverypowerful-herfruitsdidhelppaintagoodpictureofthingsshewantedtoconvey."Youngsaid.Asforhermessagetoyoungpeoplestruggling,Brendasaid,"Pastcircumstancesaren'tinchargeofyourfuture.Ifyou'refromapoorfamily,useeveryresourceandtrytobetteryourself.You'retheauthorofyourstory."【小題4】WhydidBrendabringstrawberriestohergraduation?A．Toshareherhome-grownfruits.B．Toshowhardshipherparentsfaced.C．Tobetterillustrateherspeech'stopic.D．Toexplaintheimportanceofmotivators.【小題5】WhataffectedBrendamostintermsofheracademicsuccess?A．Helpofherteacher.B．Herlifeexperience.C．Hernativeculture.D．Supportfromherparents.【小題6】HowdidBrendafeelabouttheviewers'responseonline?A．Proud.B．Sympathetic.C．Grateful.D．Moved.【小題7】WhatdidBrendaconveytotheyoung?A．Lifeiswhatyoumakeit.B．Everycloudhasasilverlining.C．Everyonedeservesagoodlifestory.D．Resourcesinhanddecideyourfuture.【解析】4-7CDDACThegeneralunderstandingofslowfashionisthatitissustainablefashionwithaslightlydifferentfocus-speed.In2007,whenauthorKateFletchercoinedtheterm"slowfashion",shecalledonconsumers,designersandbrandstoslowdownandcareaboutquality.Naturalclothingmaterialsandlow-impactmanufacturingarelargepartsofthesustainablefashionmovement.Thismovementhasinvitedacloserlookintowhatsustainabilitylookslikeandhowachangeinthinkingandpracticescouldinfluencethefashionindustry.Slowfashionisconsideredtobeacontinuationofsustainablefashion.Today,itisdistinguishedbyquality,locallymanufacturedclothing,producingclothesonasmallerscaleandwithslowerproductiontimes.Mindfulnessispaidtoworkers,theenvironment,andculturalconnections.Slowfashionwasareactiontotherapiddevelopmentofthefastfashionindustry,whichfocusesoncheap,stylish,mass-producedclothesthathaveahugeimpactontheenvironment.Peoplehadbeguntonoticetheinstabilityofthefastfashionmodel—fromtheemploymentofworkerstopollution.However,fashionisn'talwayslikethis,andslowfashionaimstotakeusbacktowhereitbegan,evenbeforetheIndustrialRevolution.WhenKatefirstdescribedslowfashion,shewantedittofocusonqualityinsteadofquantity,inadditiontotheenvironmentalidealsthatwereassociatedwithsustainablefashion.ThoughKatepresentedslowfashionasanopportunitytocreateaneffectiverelationshipbetweendesigner,productionandconsumer,ithasdevelopedovertimetofunctionevenmore.Nolongerisslowfashiononlyatheoryonconnectionandbetterproducts;now,itincludesconsumerlifestylesandethicalproduction.Asconsumerslearnmoreaboutthetroublesomepracticeswithinthefashionindustry,thecirclesofsustainabilityaregrowingcloser.Socialmediahasonlyhelpedslowfashionbrandsreachmoreconsumers.Adoptingaslow-fashionwayoflivingmayseemfrighteningifconsumersarenewtothemovement;however,itdoesn'thavetobedifficult.【小題8】WhydoesKateFletcherinitiallyputforwardslowfashion?A．Tobetterthelifestyleoftheworkers.B．Tocaremoreaboutquantity.C．Toemphasizetheenvironmentalinfluenceofthefashionindustry.D．Tointroducethescienceofchoosingclothingmaterials.【小題9】Whatisthedisadvantageofthefastfashionindustry?A．Itproducesclothesoflowquality.B．Itencouragesproducerstoearnthemostprofit.C．Ithasalotofunstableinfluencesonsociety.D．Itchangesthebasicfunctionofthefashionindustry.【小題10】Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsslowfashion?A．Favorable.B．Doubtful.C．Indifferent.D．Negative.【小題11】Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A．Futureofthefastfashionindustry.B．Involvementintheslowfashion.C．Reductionofclothingproduction.D．monpracticeinslowfashion.【答案】8-11CAAB【解析】（8）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的"Naturalclothingmaterialsandlow-impactmanufacturingarelargepartsofthesustainablefashionmovement.天然服裝材料和低沖擊制造是可持續(xù)時尚運動的重要組成部分。"可知，可持續(xù)時尚主要關(guān)注的是時尚對環(huán)境的影響。故選C項。（9）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的"Peoplehadbeguntonoticetheinstabilityofthefastfashionmodel---fromtheemploymentofworkerstopollution.人們開始注意到快速時尚模式的不穩(wěn)定性---從雇傭工人到污染。"可知，快時尚注重的是便宜、時髦且批量生產(chǎn)的衣服，導致了一些不穩(wěn)定情況的發(fā)生。故選A項。（10）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的"WhenKatefirstdescribedslowfashion，shewantedittofocusonqualityinsteadofquantity，inadditiontotheenvironmentalidealsthatwereassociatedwithsustainablefashion.當凱特第一次描述慢時尚時，她希望它關(guān)注質(zhì)量而不是數(shù)量，以及與可持續(xù)時尚相關(guān)的環(huán)境理念。"可知，作家凱特●福萊特認為慢時尚講究的是品質(zhì)而不是數(shù)量，同時還要注重環(huán)保。故選A項。（11）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的"Adoptingaslow-fashionwayoflivingmayseemfrighteningifconsumersarenewtothemovement；however，itdoesn'thavetobedifficult.如果消費者對這一運動還不熟悉，那么采取一種緩慢時尚的生活方式可能看起來很可怕；然而，這并不一定很難。"可知，以及文中提到的慢時尚的益處，作者建議人們選擇慢時尚這種形式。故選B項。DA293-million-milejourneyoftheNASAPerseverancerover（探測器）toMarsendedsuccessfullyonFebruary18，2021，withapicture-perfectlandinginsidetheJezeroCrater.Thecar-sized