非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總復(fù)習(xí)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分類：todo-不定式doing動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞done–過(guò)去分詞注：使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要考慮時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)，（除了過(guò)去分詞）2021/5/91非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在沒(méi)有連詞的情況下，還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，例如：Shegotoffthebus,________(leave)herhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but______(leave)herhandbagonherseat.leavingleft2021/5/92主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)名詞√√√√不定式√√√√√√分詞√√√√現(xiàn)在，我們簡(jiǎn)要回顧其主要考點(diǎn)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能2021/5/93一.不定式1.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone無(wú)2021/5/94Weplantopayavisit.Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.

Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.Readandthink:2021/5/952.不定式的用法：2.1-Itissillyofyou__alleggsinonebasket.-ThatwastheworstmistakeI’veevermade.toputB.tohaveputC.puttingD.havingputB2.1

不定式做主語(yǔ)。2021/5/962.2Myjobwastowashbottles,whichwouldthenbefilledwithwine,or___thefilledbottles.toputB.puttingC.havingputD.beingputA2.2

不定式作表語(yǔ)。2021/5/97有些動(dòng)詞之后常跟todo作賓語(yǔ)，此類動(dòng)詞有如agree,offer,intend/plan,demand/ask,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish/hope/want/expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,claim,aim,hesitate等2.3不定式作賓語(yǔ)同意提出做計(jì)劃，要求答應(yīng)來(lái)幫忙準(zhǔn)備決定遭拒絕，敢于選擇有希望不能做到莫假裝，設(shè)法做成決心堅(jiān)懇求安排買得起，生成目標(biāo)不猶豫2021/5/982.3Mr.Smithwarnedhisdaughter___afterdrinking.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdriveA2.4不定式作賓補(bǔ)。常用在ask,tell,expect,encourage,advise,order,inspire等詞后2021/5/99注意：有些動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)，五看：watch,lookat,see,observe,notice三使：let,make,have兩聽(tīng)：hear,listento一感覺(jué)：feeleg：Isawhim______(walk)intothepark.Hismothermadehim_____(get)upearlyinwinter.walkgetHewasseen_______(walk)intothepark.towalk2021/5/910動(dòng)詞不定式可用在被thefirst，thesecond，thelast，theonly和最高級(jí)等限定的名詞或代詞的后面作定語(yǔ)。Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleaveschool.WeareinvitedtoapartytobeheldinourclubnextFriday.Ihaveameetingtoattend.Therearealotofworktodo.Theabilitytocommunicatewithotherswellisveryimportantinthesociety.2.5

作定語(yǔ)。2021/5/9111．(2010·重慶卷)Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing，buttheone________firstisthelibrary.A．repaired B．beingrepairedC．repairing D．toberepaired2.Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompletedDB2021/5/912不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)往往用來(lái)作目的狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)。1．不定式用來(lái)作目的狀語(yǔ)：往往譯作“為了，想要”。放在句中不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.

2.6

作狀語(yǔ)。2021/5/9131.Heistootiredtogetupearly.2．不定式用于too...to；onlytodo等結(jié)構(gòu)中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。Translate：他太疲憊了而不能早起。2.他匆忙去了售票處，結(jié)果被告訴所有的票已經(jīng)賣完了。2.Hehurriedtothebookingoffice____________alltheticketshadbeensoldout.onlyto

betold2021/5/9143.不定式做原因狀語(yǔ)常用于一些表情緒的形容詞后，例如happy,glad,pleased,sad,sorry,disappointed等1.Theywereverysadtohearthenews.

2.I’msorrytotroubleyou.Translate:他們聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息很悲傷。我很抱歉麻煩你。2021/5/915二.動(dòng)名詞1.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneMyhobbyisswimming.Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.2021/5/916Itisawasteof+n.+(in)doingsth.Itislittle/nogood/usedoingsth.Itisuselessdoingsth.2.動(dòng)名詞的用法：2.1

作主語(yǔ)。2021/5/9172.2.

以下動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：avoid,miss,postpone,advise,finish,practise,enjoy,imagine,can’thelp,admit,deny,envy,escape,risk,excuse,stand,keep,mind避免錯(cuò)過(guò)少延期，建議完成多練習(xí)喜歡想象禁不住，承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒，忍受保持不介意2021/5/918

不定式作賓語(yǔ)和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：I.有些詞跟todo和doing作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，區(qū)別不大，如like,love,hate,prefer,continue,begin,start

。2021/5/919II.區(qū)別以下結(jié)構(gòu)：trytodo/doingmeantodo/doingstoptodo/doinggoontodo/doingremember/forget/regrettodo/doing

2021/5/9201.I'msorryIforgot_______yourdictionary.Let'sborrowonefromLiMing.A.totakeB.takingC.tobringD.bringing2.Mybrotherregretted_______alecturegivenbyProfessorLiu.notattendingB.nottoattendingC.attendedD.beingattendedCA2021/5/921

三、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行或主動(dòng)的意義，而過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或已經(jīng)完成的意義。fallingleavestherisingsunfallenleavestherisensunboilingwaterdevelopingcountriesboiledwaterdevelopedcountries

1.分詞的基本意義：2021/5/9221.2分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和形式

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式done2021/5/9233.1.1

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，表主動(dòng)意義；3.1.2

過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，表被動(dòng)完成意義；Eg：Therearetworoadsbeforeus，oneleadingtothebeach，theothertothepark.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruitgrownonhisownfarm.2021/5/9241.Afewdaysaftertheinterview．Ireceivedaletter

meadmissiontotheuniversity.A．offering B．offered C．havingoffered D．tobeoffered2.It’sreportedthatthebridge_______nextyearwillbeverylong.A.beingbuiltB.buildingC.tobebuiltD.built3.Blackboxes,______torecordFlightdatatogetherwithpilots’conversationandnoisesfrom

theaircraft,areimportantforpeopletofindoutthecauseofanaircrash.design B.designing C.designed D.weredesignedACC2021/5/9253.2

分詞作表語(yǔ)Iamsurprisedtohearthenews.Thenewsissurprising.2021/5/9263.2

分詞作賓補(bǔ)Weheardhimsingingthesongwhenwecamein.Wehaveheardthesongsungtwice.Weheardhimsingthesongalldaylong.1.Themissingboyswerelastseen

neartheriver.A．playing B．tobeplayingC．play D．toplay2.Thenextmorningshefoundtheman

inbed,dead. A．lying B．lieC．layD．Laying3.BecauseofmypoorEnglishI’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself_________.understandB.beunderstoodC.understoodD.understanding

AAC2021/5/9273.4.1Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,___thatallchildrenlikethesethings.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thoughtA3.4.1

現(xiàn)分作狀語(yǔ)，主動(dòng)，表原因。3.4分詞作狀語(yǔ)：2021/5/9283.4.2___differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutthemanysimilarities.ComparedB.BeingcomparedC.ComparingD.HavingcomparedC3.4.2現(xiàn)分作狀語(yǔ)，主動(dòng)，表時(shí)間。2021/5/9293.4.3Don’tsitthere___nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.A.doB.todoC.doingD.anddoingC3.4.3

現(xiàn)分作狀語(yǔ)，主動(dòng)，表伴隨。3.4.4___time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.GivenD3.4.4過(guò)分作狀語(yǔ)，被動(dòng)，表?xiàng)l件。2021/5/9303.4.5Alotofgoodlandhasgonewiththem,___onlysand.toleaveB.leavingC.leftD.beingleavingB3.4.5

現(xiàn)分作狀語(yǔ)，主動(dòng)，表結(jié)果。*todo也表結(jié)果,如：e.g.Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetraingone.區(qū)別：不定式表預(yù)料之外的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)分表自然的結(jié)果。2021/5/931四歸納非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的作用及形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞主賓表定狀補(bǔ)2021/5/932非謂語(yǔ)

主

動(dòng)

式

被

動(dòng)

式

形式一般式進(jìn)行式完成式一般式進(jìn)行式完成式

不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)分過(guò)分tododoingdoingdonetobedoingtohavedonehavingdonehavingdonetobedonebeingdonebeingdonetohavebeendonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone2021/5/933五獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1.分詞的獨(dú)立主格：Themeeting___over,hewenttopickuphissondirectly.A.tobeB.isC.wasD.beingD分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，由名詞或代詞的主格充當(dāng)，置于分詞前，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。它不是句子，因?yàn)闆](méi)有實(shí)際的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，表時(shí)間，原因，條件或方式。2021/5/9341.1___,we’llgooutforawalk.WeatherpermitsB.WeathertopermitC.WeatherpermittedD.WeatherpermittingD1.2TomlookedatJenny,tears___hiseyes,andshoutedoutthewords__inhisheartforyears.filling;havingbeenhiddenfilled;hiddenC.filling;hiddenD.filled;hidingC2021/5/9351.3Everything___intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.takingBMore:Heguidingtheblindgirl,theywalkedslowlyacrossthestreet.Shelayagainstthewall,thesunshininguponherface.2021/5/9364.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit5.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen__

suchartformsasmusicandpainting.A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingtoC.comparetoD.comparedto6._______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.Use B.UsingC.UsedD.Touse7.______atthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please.A.Knock B.KnockingC.Kn