2024版新教材高考英語全程一輪總復習課時天天練17Unit1PeopleofAchievement新人教版選擇性必修第一冊

課時天天練(十七)UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENTⅠ.閱讀理解A[2023·山東省濟寧市高三上學期期中]ThebeautifulislandcountryofMadagascarhasaseriousschoolshortage.AboutathirdofMalagasychildrenhavenoaccesstoeducationbecausetheschoolsaretoofarawayorseverelyovercrowded.ThinkingHuts,anon-profitorganizationdedicatedtoincreasingglobalaccesstoeducation,planstotackletheissuewithaseriesof3D-printedschools,thefirstofwhichwascompletedinApril2022.The765-square-feetstructure,namedBougainvillea,willhouse30students.Theconstructionbeganwiththeprinterpouringacement-like(水泥狀)mixtureinapatterntocreatethewalls.Theentireprocesstookjust18hours!Theroof,doorsandwindowswerelocallysourced,andthewallsweremadeofacementmixturethatcanresistbigenvironmentalpressuresinthearea.Bougainvilleawas3Dprintedby14Trees,acompanywithexperienceprintingbuildingsthroughoutKenyaandMalawi.MaggieGrouts,the22-year-oldfounderofThinkingHuts,isaseniorattheUniversityofColoradoandwasjust15whenshestartedThinkingHuts.Adoptedfromaruralvillagewhenshewas18monthsold,Groutrealizedthatnotallkidswereasfortunateasherandwantedtohelp.Theideaforthe3D-printedschoolscametoherafterbrainstormingwithherfatheronwaystousethetechnologyforthegreatergood.The3Dprintingapproachshrinkstheconstructionturnaroundtimefrommonthstodays,aswellasthecost.Thisallowsmoreschoolstobebuiltinlesstimeandreducesthebuilding'scarbonfootprints.Andthesesavingsintime,costandmaterialsmeetarealneedforeducationinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)tohelpbridgetheglobalopportunitygap.“ThinkingHutshopestohaveaThinkingHutineverycommunitywherechildrendonothaveaplaceforeducationandisfundraisingtodevelopthisgoal.Byusing3Dprinting,wearecombiningthepotentialoftechnologywitharchitecturalsolutionsthattacklerealproblemstheworldfaceswithineducation，”saysGrouts.1．Whatare3D-printedschoolsintendedfor?A．Reducingconstructionwastes.B．Helpingdealwithashortageofschools.C．Providinghigh-qualityeducationforlocalstudents.D．Drawingpublicattentionto3D-printingtechnology.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesBougainvillea?A．Ithasacomplexarchitecturalstructure.B．Itfeaturesstrongresistancetobadweather.C.Itisbuiltwiththehelpofthelocalgovernment.D.Itcanholdmorestudentsthantraditionalschools.3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutMaggieGroutsfromthetext?A．Sheistrulycreativeandwarmhearted.B．Shehadnoaccesstoschoolasachild.C.Sheisdevotedtodesigning3D-printedproducts.D.Sheraisedmoneyforkidsfromruralareas.4．WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph4?A．Theadvantagesof3D-printedschools.B．Thewidepopularityof3D-printingtechnology.C.Thesignificanceofnarrowingtheglobalopportunitygap.D．Theimpactof3D-printedbuildingsontheenvironment.B[2023·吉林市高三第一次調(diào)研]ManyintheUSwouldsayAbrahamLincolnisthegreatestpresident.Lincolnisstillknownforbeingagreatpublicspeakerandamanofhonesty.He'salsoasymbolofequality.Theyear2022marksthe213thanniversaryofhisbirth.Lincolnservedasthe16thUSpresident,from1861untilhisbeingkilledin1865.Lincoln'sdramaticdeathandtheeventsthatsurroundedhimhavemadehispresidencyahighlightoftheUShistory.Immediatelyafterhiselectiontooffice,thesouthernstatesdeclaredindependenceandformedtheirowncountry,theConfederateStatesofAmerica,commonlyreferredtoastheConfederacy.Inthesouthernstates,slavery(奴隸制)formedthebaseofthesoutherneconomyandwasgreatlyprofitableforsouthernfarmers.AccordingtoGregTimmonsatwww.H,theConfederacywastheworld'sfourth-richestcountry.However,manypeoplefeltthatslaverywasdeeplyimmoral.Whentheissuecouldnolongerbeignored,Lincoln__was__the__man__in__the__White__House.Heguidedthecountrythroughabloodycivilwar,onewhichsawneighborsfighteachother.Asthewarwasending,Lincolnhadmoreworktodo.MakingsomechangestotheUSlawswasdifficult,butLincolnhelpedcreatethreeamendments(修正案).OneofthemputanendtotheslaveryofAfrican-Americans.Anotherallowedtheformerslavestovoteinelections.Theseeventsforeverchangedthecountry.Unfortunately,Lincolnwouldnotlivetoseethesechanges.Hewasshotfrombehindwhilewatchingaplay.Thekiller,JohnWilkesBooth,saidthatitwasforhisallowingfreedslavestovote.Lincoln'sdeathstrengthenedhispositionasanall-timegreatpresident.USCivilWarhistorianJamesM.McPhersonmakesitclear,“IfLincolnhadbeenafailure,hewouldhavelivedalongerlife.”5．HowoldwasLincolnwhenhebecamepresidentoftheUS?A．42.B．50.C．52.D．56.6．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph4imply?A.AsapresidentitwasLincoln'sdutytosolvetheproblem.B．Afterbecomingpresident,LincolnlivedintheWhiteHouse.C．LincolnwasprotectedextremelywellintheWhiteHouse.D．IntheWhiteHouseLincolnknewnothingabouttheissue.7．WhywasLincolnkilled?A．BecauseheguidedtheUSCivilWar.B.Becausehepunishedsomesouthernfarmers.C．BecausehechangedthehistoryoftheUS.D.Becausehegaveformerslavesvotingrights.8．WhatdoesJamesM.McPhersonwanttoconvey?A．Lincolnwasagreatpresident.B．Lincolnsufferedmanyfailures.C．Lincolnwasn'tasuccessfulpolitician.D．Lincoln'sfailureledtohisearlydeath.[答題區(qū)]題號12345678答案Ⅱ.完形填空[2023·滄衡八校聯(lián)盟期中]IbelieveIhaveapersonaldutytomakeapositiveimpactonsociety.I'vetriedto__1__thisgoalbychoosingacareerinpublicservice.Asaphysiciandealingwiththechallengeofinfectiousdiseases,Iconsidermyjoba__2__，whichallowsmetohelpeasethesufferingofhumankind.Ihavethreeprinciplesto__3__mylife,whichIalwaysthinkabout.Firstly,Ihaveastrongthirstfor__4__.IthinkIwillneverknowasmuchasI__5__.Thisiswhatkeepsthe__6__ofknowledgehot.AnditiswhyIwoulddomyjobeverydayevenifIcannotgethighincome.Secondly,Ibelieveinfightingfor__7__.Isweatoverallthestuff,withoutfeeling__8__forit.Oneofthebyproductsofbeingaperfectionistisanxiety.Butthisanxietycreatesa__9__tensionthatdrivesmetofulfillmylimitedpotential.Thirdly,Ibelievethatmygoaltobeaphysicianisto__10__humankind.Ihavespentmy__11__onpublicservice.Mostofitinvolvedresearch,thecareof__12__andthepublichealthpolicyonAIDS.Ithink,tocontrolthisterribledisease__13__，Imustbeguidedbytheseprinciples:continuallythirstingforknowledge,acceptingnothing__14__ofexcellenceandknowingthatthe__15__ofsocietyismoreimportantthanmygains.1．A.accomplish B．ignoreC．change D．find2．A.solution B．gameC．program D．gift3．A.form B．checkC．guide D．prove4．A.power B．knowledgeC．a(chǎn)dventure D．evidence5．A.want B．promiseC．a(chǎn)dmit D．refuse6．A.necessity B．excuseC．recovery D．pursuit7．A.agreement B．balanceC．excellence D．fairness8．A.embarrassed B．curiousC．a(chǎn)mused D．regretful9．A.common B．healthyC．serious D．harmful10．A.employ B．introduceC．unite D．serve11．A.reputation B．careerC．doubt D．luck12．A.children B．eldersC．patients D．students13．A.randomly B．occasionallyC．successfully D．immediately14．A.full B．shortC．worthy D．typical15．A.good B．standardC．variety D．a(chǎn)rrival[答題區(qū)]1～5________6～10________11～15________課時天天練(十七)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了MaggieGrouts在馬達加斯加創(chuàng)辦3D打印學校的事跡。1．答案與解析：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ThebeautifulislandcountryofMadagascarhasaseriousschoolshortage.”及“ThinkingHuts,anon-profitdedicatedtoincreasingglobalaccesstoeducation,planstotackletheissuewithaseriesof3D-printedschools,thefirstofwhichwascompletedinApril2022.”可知，3D打印學校的目的是幫助解決學校短缺問題。2．答案與解析：B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The765-square-feetstructure,namedBougainvillea,willhouse30students.”及“Theroof,doorsandwindowswerelocallysourced,andthewallsweremadeofacementmixturethatcanresistbigenvironmentalpressuresinthearea.”可知，Bougainvillea的建筑特點是抵抗壞天氣能力強。3．答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Adoptedfromaruralvillagewhenshewas18monthsold,Groutrealizedthatnotallkidswereasfortunateasherandwantedtohelp.Theideaforthe3D-printedschoolscametoherafterbrainstormingwithherfatheronwaystousethetechnologyforthegreatergood.”可知，MaggieGrouts很有創(chuàng)造力(創(chuàng)辦3D打印學校)，也很熱心(幫助孩子們接受教育)。4．答案與解析：A主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“3D打印方法將施工周轉(zhuǎn)時間從幾個月縮短到幾天，也降低了成本。這使得在更短的時間內(nèi)建造更多的學校，減少了建筑的碳足跡。這些在時間、成本和材料上的節(jié)省滿足了教育基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的實際需求，以幫助彌合全球機會差距。”等內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講了3D打印學校的優(yōu)勢。B語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與社會——偉人事跡——偉大的總統(tǒng)林肯【語篇解讀】本文主要講述了美國第16任總統(tǒng)林肯的偉大貢獻和歷史地位等。5．答案與解析：C理解具體信息。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theyear2022marksthe213thanniversaryofhisbirth”和第二段中的“Lincolnservedasthe16thUSpresident,from1861”可以得出，林肯出生年份為2022－213＝1809，到1861年當選總統(tǒng)時年齡為1861－1809＝52，即林肯52歲就任美國第16任總統(tǒng)，故C項正確。6．答案與解析：A理解句意。根據(jù)本句中的時間狀語從句“Whentheissuecouldnolongerbeignored”可知，問題已經(jīng)嚴重到必須正視的地步了，而林肯是白宮的主人，所以必須要由他出面解決了，故A項與畫線句的意義最為接近。7．答案與解析：D理解具體信息。根據(jù)第六段中的“Thekiller,JohnWilkesBooth,saidthatitwasforhisallowingfreedslavestovote”可知，據(jù)刺客交代，殺死林肯的原因是林肯給了之前是奴隸的人們選舉權(quán)，故D項正確。8．答案與解析：A推斷。結(jié)合語境可知，JamesM.McPherson的話主要是為了說明前一句“Lincoln'sdeathstrengthenedhispositionasanall-timegreatpresident”，因此，JamesM.McPherson的話主要是為了說明林肯總統(tǒng)的偉大，故A項正確。Ⅱ.完形填空【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。本文作者是美國流行病專家福奇，是一位傳奇式人物：他淡泊名利、追求真知與卓越，一生致力于該病的防治。1．答案與解析：A根據(jù)上文“IbelieveIhaveapersonaldutytomakeapositiveimpactonsociety.”可推斷，作者想要對社會做出積極的影響，因此選擇公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)方面的職業(yè)來達成這個目標。2．答案與解析：D句意：作為一名應(yīng)對傳染病挑戰(zhàn)的醫(yī)生，我認為我的工作是一份禮物，它使我能夠幫助減輕人類的痛苦。根據(jù)下文“whichallowsmetohelpeasethesufferingofhumankind”可知，作者的職業(yè)能夠減輕人類的痛苦，因此作者認為工作是禮物。3．答案與解析：C根據(jù)下文“Imustbeguidedbytheseprinciples”可知，作者一生堅持渴求真知、追求卓越及救死扶傷三大原則來指導自己的生活。4．答案與解析：B句意：首先，我有強烈的求知欲，我想我永遠不會知道我想要的那么多。從后文的“Thisiswhatkeepsthe__6__ofknowledgehot.”可知，作者總是有很強的求知欲。5．答案與解析：A根據(jù)上文“Ihaveastrongthirstfor__4__，IthinkIwillneverknowasmuchas”和下文“AnditiswhyIwoulddomyjobeverydayevenifIcannotgethighincome.”可知，作者有很強的求知欲，認為自己絕沒有知道想要的那么多的知識，需要不斷學習。6．答案與解析：D結(jié)合上文和下文“AnditiswhyIwoulddomyjobeverydayevenifIcannotgethighincome.”可知作者每天學習，追求知識。7．答案與解析：C根據(jù)后文“Oneofthebyproductsofbeingaperfectioni