湖南師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2011年湖南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語

考研真題及詳解

2012年湖南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語

考研真題及詳解

2013年湖南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語

考研真題及詳解

2011年湖南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解

I.Foreachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,

andD.Youarerequiredtochoosetheonethatbestcompletestiresentenceor

expressestiresamemeaningastheunderlinedpart.Writetheletterofyour

choiceontheanswersheet.(20%)

1．Scienceisstilllargelyignorant_____thecausesofmanykindsofcancer.

A.about

B.with

C.of

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】句意：對于許多種癌癥的原因，科學(xué)上仍然知之甚少。be

ignorantof固定短語，表示對……一無所知。

2．Onaccountofrain,thecamphasbeen_____untilnextweekend.

A.calledoff

B.delayed

C.putthrough

D.putoff

【答案】D

【解析】句意：由于下雨天氣，夏令營活動已經(jīng)被推遲到了下周。delay

在作“延遲，延期”講時(shí)候，主要指的是有意推遲，所以也可以解釋

為“耽擱”。calloff取消。putthrough完成，達(dá)成。putoff主要用于指時(shí)間

上的推遲，延期。

3．InmyopinionthefilmOnGoldenPonddidn’t_____itsreviews.

A.liveupto

B.comeupwith

C.fit

D.expect

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在我看來，《金色池塘》這部電影與其影評不符。live

upto符合，不辜負(fù)。comeupwith想出。fit多指適合。expect期待；預(yù)

料。

4．Ifyou_____intakingthisattitude,we’llhavetoaskyoutoleave.

A.insist

B.persist

C.resist

D.pursue

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果你一直是這種態(tài)度的話，我們就得請你離開了。

persistindoingsth.堅(jiān)持做某事。insist與介詞on搭配，insistondoingsth.

執(zhí)意堅(jiān)持做某事。resist反抗，抵制，與句意不符。pursue追逐；追求。

5．Allcarsmadenowadaysare_____withsafetybelts.

A.prepared

B.packed

C.builtin

D.equipped

【答案】D

【解析】句意：如今所有轎車都有安全帶。beequippedwith配備……。

6．Whenyouwriteanessay,pleaseremembernotto_____offthepoint.

A.wander

B.stroll

C.drop

D.interrupt

【答案】A

【解析】句意：寫文章注意不要跑題。wander偏離，走神。stroll閑逛，

漫步。dropoff減少，下降。interrupt打斷。

7．Idon’tthinkIknowthegirlwithfairhairalthoughshe_____meof

someoneIknow.

A.remembers

B.recalls

C.reminds

D.suggests

【答案】C

【解析】句意：雖然那個(gè)有著一頭金發(fā)的女孩讓我想起了我認(rèn)識的一個(gè)

人，但我覺得我們應(yīng)該并不認(rèn)識。remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起……。

8．Anoutingseems_____asitisraininghardandthewindisblowing

outside.

A.withoutquestion

B.outofthequestion

C.withoutaquestion

D.outofquestion

【答案】B

【解析】句意：現(xiàn)在外面狂風(fēng)暴雨，看來沒法出去了。outofthe

question不可能。withoutquestion與outofquestion都表示毫無疑問。

withoutaquestion沒有一項(xiàng)問題。根據(jù)句意，只能選B項(xiàng)。

9．Beverlyisagirlwhowillstand_____whatshethinksrightnomatter

whatcosttoherselfis.

A.upto

B.off

C.out

D.upfor

【答案】D

【解析】句意：拜沃莉這個(gè)女孩她無論付出多少都堅(jiān)持自己認(rèn)為對的事

情。standupfor堅(jiān)決捍衛(wèi)。standupto反抗。standoff疏遠(yuǎn)，保持一定距

離。standout突出，顯眼。

10．I’ll_____itthateachofthestudentsgetsacopyofit.

A.manage

B.try

C.seeto

D.seeabout

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我會保證學(xué)生們每人都有一份復(fù)印件。seetoitthat確

保。其他三項(xiàng)均不能與itthat連用。

11．Janwas_____thegrantmoneytopayherwaythroughgraduateschool.

A.expectingwith

B.countingdown

C.expectingon

D.countingon

【答案】D

【解析】句意：簡依靠助學(xué)金度過研究生階段的生活。counton依靠，

指望。expect表示期待，為及物動詞，可直接跟賓語，沒有expectwith

或expecton這樣的搭配。countdown倒計(jì)時(shí)。

12．Itwasoutof_____forhimtowearaT-shirtatthereception.

A.place

B.order

C.question

D.practice

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在歡迎會上穿T恤是合適的。outofplace位置不當(dāng)；不

合適，不得體。outoforder有毛?。怀龉收?。outofquestion毫無疑問。

outofpractice疏于練習(xí)。

13．AgifttotheUnitedStatesfromFrance,theStatueofLiberty,was

assembledanddedicatedin1886.

A.repaired

B.broughtover

C.unpacked

D.puttogether

【答案】D

【解析】assemble組裝，裝配。puttogether也是組裝的意思。bringover

帶來……。unpack打開（箱、包等）。

14．ThehomeofHelenKellerwasatacrossroadswherepeoplegatheredto

discussart,politics,andthestateoftheworld.

A.hugeruralestate

B.nationalmonument

C.quietrefuge

D.centralmeetingplace

【答案】D

【解析】crossroads除了表示“十字路口”，還表示“匯集地，核心區(qū)”。

15．Linbergh’sfirstnonstopflightacrosstheAtlanticOceanwasanactof

greatdaringandcourage.

A.anarrative

B.afeat

C.anattempt

D.aconspiracy

【答案】B

【解析】daring勇敢。courage勇氣。feat表示功績、壯舉，感情色彩符

合原句。C項(xiàng)感情色彩較弱。A、D兩項(xiàng)意思明顯與daring、courage兩詞

不符。

16．Georgehasalotofworktodothismonth,andheisonthegoallday

long.

A.onhiswaysomewhere

B.movingfromoneplacetoanother

C.outonbusiness

D.busyandactive

【答案】D

【解析】onthego十分活躍；非常忙碌。故選D。

17．MadamCuriewascompletelyengrossedinherwork.

A.disturbed

B.fatigued

C.absorbed

D.successful

【答案】C

【解析】engross使全神貫注。與其意思相近的只有absorb，也表示使投

入，使全神貫注。

18．Librarycardswillexpirewhentheyarenotused.

A.costmoremoney

B.ceasetobeeffective

C.bemailedtotheholder’saddress

D.becontinuedautomatically

【答案】B

【解析】expire到期，失效。故B項(xiàng)ceasetobeeffective（失去效用）正

確。

19．Agoalofmoderndanceoftenistoexpressthedancer’sinnermost

feelings--andemotions.

A.slightest

B.rarest

C.mostpersonal

D.mostdifficult

【答案】C

【解析】innermost內(nèi)心最深處的。mostpersonal最私人的，與innermost

意思最相近。

20．Citytaxesarebasedonanestimateofthevalueofone’sproperty.

A.anappraisal

B.aforecast

C.adiagnosis

D.anoutline

【答案】A

【解析】appraisal評估，與estimate（估計(jì)）意思相近。

II.Fillintheblankswiththegivenverbsintheirproperformsandwriteyour

answersontheanswersheet.(15%)

21．I_____(have)abathwhenthephonerang.

【答案】washaving

【解析】句意：電話響的時(shí)候，我正在洗澡。從句意上看，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)

行時(shí)，表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作。

22．I_____(wait)foryouatthecinemaatsixtomorrowevening.

【答案】willwait

【解析】時(shí)間狀語tomorrowevening表示將來，故用一般將來時(shí)。

23．Sofar12bridges_____(build)inthatarea.

【答案】havebeenbuilt

（sofar到目前為止，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常見時(shí)間狀語之一。）

24．Shelefttheofficewhenshe_____(type)thedocuments.

【答案】hadtyped

【解析】句意：他打完文件之后，離開了辦公室。從邏輯上判斷，“打

文件”發(fā)生在“離開辦公室”之前，而離開辦公室已經(jīng)是過去的動作，這

里表示“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時(shí)。

25．Hesaidhe_____(be)hereassoonashewaswanted.

【答案】wouldbe

【解析】我說只要有需要，他就會馬上出現(xiàn)。這里表示“將會出現(xiàn)”，是

未來的動作，故用將來時(shí)。而主句謂語said已是過去時(shí)，故此處表示“過

去的將來”，故用過去將來時(shí)。

26．---Youlooktired.

---Yes,I_____(write)letterssincebreakfast.

【答案】havebeenwriting

【解析】句意：我從吃完早餐開始就一直在寫信。是過去到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)進(jìn)

行的動作，而且寫信可能會持續(xù)下去，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

27．They_____(cross)theriverbylunchtimeiftheycanfindaferryboat.

【答案】willcross

【解析】句意：如果找到渡船，他們在午飯時(shí)間之前就能穿過河流了。

if引導(dǎo)的句子，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候，主句則用一般將來時(shí)。

28．Theboylookeddisappointed_____(lose)thechancetostudyabroad.

【答案】losing

【解析】非謂語動詞與主語theboy是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

29．Don’ttellmeyoualwaysescape_____(fine)becauseyouhaveavery

fastsportscar.

【答案】frombeingfined

【解析】escapefromdoingsth逃過了……。

30．NotasinglecaseofT.B.wasfoundintheX-rays_____(study)

【答案】studied

【解析】在對這些人進(jìn)行X光檢查后，并未發(fā)現(xiàn)有患有肺結(jié)核的病例。

study在此處意思是審視，細(xì)看。X-rays與study是被動關(guān)系，故study用

過去分詞形式。

31．Thelasttouch_____(finish),theartistputdownhisbrushandsatdown

witha_____(satisfy)look.

【答案】finished;satisfied

【解析】thelasttouch與finish是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。

satisfying表示令人滿意的。而此處指的是人的表情，故用satisfied，表

示感到滿意的。

32．_____(Live)inBerlinmanyyears,heknewthecityverywell.

【答案】Havebeenliving

【解析】在柏林住了很多年了，他對這座城市十分熟悉。顯然非謂語動

詞動作發(fā)生在主句knew之前，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。又因住在柏林的狀態(tài)

還有可能會持續(xù)下去，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

33．HeaskedmewhatI_____(do)abouttheproblemifI_____(be)inhis

shoes.

【答案】woulddo;were

【解析】當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候，其賓語從句的

時(shí)態(tài)要用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去時(shí)態(tài)。

IIIInthispartyouwillread4passages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyfive

multiplechoicequestions.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestsuitsthe

requirement,andputtheanswersontheAnswerSheet.(40%)

Passage1

Agripping,fast-pacedtaleofadventure,TheCalloftheWildfocuseson

Buck,asheepdogstolenfromaCaliforniafarmandtransportedtothearctic.

Buck’sstruggletosurviveonthearctictraildemonstratestheuncertain

natureoflifeinthewild.Althoughitisanengaginganimalstory,thereader

cannothelpbutdrawparallelsbetweenBuck’sexperienceandthatof

humans.Thebooksuggeststhatenvironmentshapescharacter,and

emphasizesthatprimitivecharacter—oftenhiddenbeneathalayerof

civilization—isneverlosttotheindividual.Providingafascinatingglimpse

ofawayoflifethathasalmostdisappeared,thenovelsuggeststhatcreatures

survivebestwhentheyadapttothenaturalworld,ratherthantryingto

imposechangesontheirenvironment.

Thestorybeginsin1897,atthestartoftheGoldRush.Thediscoveryofgold

intheKlondike—aregioninnorthwesternCanada—promptedthousandsof

goldseekerstoheadforthefarnorth,allofthemdesperatelyinneedofdogs

topullsledsacrosstheharsharctictrails.Buck,alargedogwhohasenjoyed

aleisurelylifeonaCaliforniafarm,isstolenandshippedtotheYukon.Buck

learnstosurviveinthiscruelenvironment;hebeginstodiscoverthe

primitiveknowledgeofhisancestors,andintimeherespondstothecallof

thewild.BecausethebookfocusesuponBuck’sexperience,thehuman

charactersareofsecondaryimportance.Buckisamagnificentdog,part

shepherdandpartSt.Bernard.Hissuperiorstrengthenableshimtoadapt

readilytothenorthernclimateandtheharshdemandsofhislabors.Buthe

possessesoneadditionalquality—imagination.Buckfightswithhisheadas

wellashisstrength.Adaptabilityisadominantthemeinthisnovel.Inorder

tosurviveinthearctic,Buckmustlearn“thelawofclubandfang”.Buckis

firsttaughtthislawbytheclubwieldingsleddrivers,whoshowhimthatthe

strongestindividualsaretheoneswhorule.Buckalsolearnsthisprimitive

lawfromtheotherteamdogs,suchasDave,Solleks,andtheviciousteam

leader,Spitz.Fromthem,Bucklearnsthathemusteitherbiteorbebitten,

masterorbemastered.

34．Aboutthisnovel,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

A.ThenovelfocusedupontheexperiencesofadognamedBuck

B.Themainthemewastotellitsreadersthelifeinthearcticwild

C.Thebookstressedtheinfluencesofenvironmentoncharacter

D.Creatureshavetoadapttothechangesonenvironmenttosurvive

35．Wecandrawfromthepassagethatthe“primitivecharacter”within

Buckrefersto_____.

A.Buck’sadaptabilitytothecruelwildlife

B.thelearningofthelawofclubandfang

C.Buck’sabilitytofightwithheadandclaw

D.becomingthestrongestindividualtorule

36．Thestorywassetprimarilyin_____.

A.KlondikeinCanada

B.afarminCalifornia

C.theYukon

D.thewildinCalifornia

37．Bucklearnedtosurviveinthearcticby_____.

A.itsprimitivecharacter

B.becomingthestrongest

C.thelawofclubandfang

D.adaptitselftothecoldarctic

38．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

A.TheCalloftheWildisabouttherelationshipbetweenmenanddogsin

thearctic

B.TheCalloftheWildisastoryaboutthewildwestduringtheGoldRush

C.Bucklearned“thelawofclubandfang”bydefeatingitsenemies

D.Buckmanagedtosurviveandbecamealeader

【答案與解析】

34．B由倒數(shù)第五句Adaptabilityisadominantthemeinthisnovel.可知，

小說的主要主題是對環(huán)境的適應(yīng)，而不是B項(xiàng)所說的“在北極荒野的生

活”。

35．A通過對全文整體內(nèi)容的理解，可以推斷“原始性格”指的是適應(yīng)殘

酷野外生活的能力。

36．C由這兩句話Buck,alargedogwhohasenjoyedaleisurelylifeona

Californiafarm,isstolenandshippedtotheYukon.Bucklearnstosurvivein

thiscruelenvironment可知，Buck原本是生活在加利福尼亞州的一個(gè)農(nóng)場

里，后來被偷運(yùn)到Y(jié)ukon這個(gè)地方，他在這個(gè)殘酷的環(huán)境中學(xué)會了生

存。因此故事是發(fā)生在Yukon。

37．C由這兩句話Inordertosurviveinthearctic,Buckmustlearn“the

lawofclubandfang”.Buckisfirsttaughtthislawbytheclubwieldingsled

drivers,whoshowhimthatthestrongestindividualsaretheoneswhorule.可

知，Buck被教導(dǎo)這項(xiàng)法則，才學(xué)會了如何在北極生存。

38．BThestorybeginsin1897,atthestartoftheGoldRush.Thediscovery

ofgoldintheKlondike—aregioninnorthwesternCanada—prompted

thousandsofgoldseekerstoheadforthefarnorth說明故事的背景是加拿

大西北部的地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金而引起的淘金熱。

Passage2

Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.

Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandfor

commercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrial

productionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmass

unemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapenergy

supply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustible

andeconomicalsourceofpowerandthatitisthereforeessentialforan

industriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesin

theuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,is

clean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunand

maintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclear

reactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatever

theanti-nucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitive

sourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclear

powerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsoto

civilliberties.Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclear

powerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostly

accidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.

Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuraniuminadditiontothecostof

greatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofthemarket.Inthe

longrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresources

anddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestruction

ofthehumanrace.Thusifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclear

energy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclear

energyprogramsareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinual

growthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itis

doubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweighedupthe

argumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecological

reasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.

39．Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis______.

A.indifferent

B.tolerant

C.favorable

D.negative

40．Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenemy,whichofthefollowingis

TRUEofnuclearenergy?

A.Primitive

B.Cheap

C.Exhaustible

D.Unsafe

41．Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause______.

A.itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemployment

B.itrepresentsanenormousstepforwardinourscientificevolution

C.itcanmeetthegrowingdemandofanindustriallydevelopingsociety

D.nuclearpowerstationscanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfew

technicalandadministrativestaff

42．Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport?

A.Thedemandforcommercialproductswillnotnecessarilykeepincreasing

B.Nuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout

C.Uraniumisgoodsourceofenergyforeconomicandecologicalreasons

D.Greatersafetyprovisionscanbringabouttheexpansionofnuclearenergy

programs

43．Thefunctionofthelastsentenceisto______.

A.advancethefinalargument

B.reflectthewriter’sattitude

C.reversepreviouslyexpressedthoughts

D.showthedisadvantagesofnuclearpower

【答案與解析】

39．D從第二段最后兩句However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwill

orcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseems

therearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyother

thannuclearpower.可以看出，作者對核能項(xiàng)目能否長久保持工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和

消費(fèi)需求的增長持懷疑態(tài)度，而且作者認(rèn)為不使用核能有合理的經(jīng)濟(jì)和

生態(tài)原因。故作者對核能持否定態(tài)度。

40．D由最后一段第二句nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesand

disturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionof

thehumanrace.可知，核能破壞生態(tài)，最終可能導(dǎo)致人類的毀滅，因此

核能是不安全的。

41．C第一段第五句提到，許多人認(rèn)為核能重要，因?yàn)樗巧鐣I(yè)發(fā)

展所必需的，可以提供取之不盡且便宜的能源，C正確。

42．A第二段倒數(shù)第二、三句提到，核能開發(fā)項(xiàng)目的擴(kuò)大是為了保證

工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)需求的增長，但是這種增長是否能夠持續(xù)，這令人懷

疑。

43．B文章最后一句表明了作者的觀點(diǎn)，即作者認(rèn)為從經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境

方面來考慮的話，可以利用其他能源，而非核能。

Passage3

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstress

seemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inone

experiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,atthe

UniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimals

couldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whilethe

otherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtime

oneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfrom

theshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressed

belownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnoffthe

electricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontrolover

anevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchool

ofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasant

stimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypical

ofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhaveno

controlover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencesthey

cancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists’suspicionsthatthe

experienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsin

depression.

Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmune

responsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderatthe

UniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditionedmicetoavoid

saccharinbysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthem

withadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomach

upsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequickly

learnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthe

sweetener,Aderre-exposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthe

drug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighest

amountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonly

speculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalone

nowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

44．Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoserats

whocouldturnofftheelectricity______.

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

45．Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesrats

to______.

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

46．ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwas

that________.

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

C.itledtostomachpains

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

47．Thepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthe

miceinAder’sexperimentwasthat________.

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin

B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

48．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimal

A.canheweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案與解析】

44．B文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmune

responsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethat

couldturnofftheelectricity.明確說明切斷不了電流的老鼠(無助的老鼠)免

疫功能被削弱，而能夠切斷電流的老鼠則不受影響。

45．C文章第二段第三句Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituations

theyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwith

experiencestheycancontrol.明確說明老鼠如果有過自己控制不了的情

況，以后即使在自己能夠控制的情況下，其反應(yīng)也是消極被動的。

46．D由最后一段內(nèi)容可知，Ader給老鼠喂糖精并給老鼠注射了一種

會引起肚子痛的藥物，所以老鼠就學(xué)會了避免糖精，這是因?yàn)樗麄冇X得

吃糖精會引起肚子疼，將糖精和肚子疼的反應(yīng)聯(lián)系到了一起。

47．C作者寫第三段的目的是為了證明他在第三段第一句里的論點(diǎn)the

mindcanaltertheimmuneresponse，他用Ader的實(shí)驗(yàn)這一實(shí)例米論證此

論點(diǎn)。為了培養(yǎng)老鼠的條件反射Ader給它們喂食糖精，同時(shí)注射能降低

免疫力并可引起肚子疼的藥物。但后來只給老鼠喂食糖精而不注射藥物

時(shí)有些老鼠死亡，這充分證明老鼠的免疫系統(tǒng)已被其思想改變了。

48．A文章第三段中Ader的實(shí)驗(yàn)告訴我們，通過各種具體手段使動物

形成某種條件反射就能削弱其免疫功能。

Passage4

Britishuniversities,groaningundertheburdenofahugeincreaseinstudent

numbers,arewarningthatthetraditionofafreeeducationisatrisk.The

universitieshavethreatenedtoimpostanadmissionfeeonstudentstopluga

gapinrevenueifthegovernmentdoesnotacttoimprovetheirfinancesand

scrapsomepublicspendingcutbacks.

Thegovernmentrespondedtotheuniversitiesthreatbysettingupthemost

fundamentalreviewofhighereducationforageneration,underanon-party

troubleshooter,SirRonDearing.Oneinthreeschool-leaversentershigher

education,fivetimesthenumberwhenthelastreviewtookplacethirtyyears

ago.

Everyoneagreesasystemthatisfeelingthestrainafterrapidexpansionneeds

alotmoremoney--butthereislittlehopeofgettingitfromthetaxpayerand

notmuchscopeforattractingmorefinancefrombusiness.

Mostcollegesbelievestudentsshouldcontributetotuitioncosts,something

thatiscommonelsewhereintheworldbutwouldmarkarevolutionary

changeinBritain.Universitieswantthegovernmenttointroducealoan

schemefortuitionfeesandhavesuspendedtheirownthreatenedactionfor

now.TheyawaitDearing’sadvice,hopingitwillnotbetoolate--someare

alreadyreportedtobeinfinancialdifficulty.

Asthecenturynearsitsend,thewholeconceptofwhatauniversityshouldbe

isunderthemicroscope.Expertsponderhowmuchtheycanusecomputers

insteadofclassrooms,talkoftheneedforlifelonglearningandreferto

studentsas“consumers”.

TheConfederationofBritishIndustry,thekeyemployers’organization,

wantsevenmoreexpansioninhighereducationtohelpfightcompetitionon

worldmarketsfromboomingAsianeconomies.Butthegovernmenthas

doubtsaboutmoreexpansion.TheTimesnewspaperagrees,complainingthat

qualityhassufferedasstudentnumberssoared,withclosetutorial

supervisiongivingwayto“massproductionmethodsmoretypicalof

Europeanuniversities.”

49．ThechiefconcernofBritishuniversitiesis______.

A.howtotackletheirpresentfinancialdifficulty

B.howtoexpandtheenrollmenttomeettheneedsofenterprises

C.howtoimprovetheireducationaltechnology

D.howtoputanendtothecurrenttendencyofqualitydeterioration

50．WecanlearnfromthepassagethatinBritain______.

A.thegovernmentpaysdearlyforitsfinancialpolicy

B.universitiesaremainlyfundedbybusinesses

C.highereducationisprovidedfreeofcharge

D.studentsarereadytoacceptloanschemesfortuition

51．Whatwasthepercentageofhighschoolgraduatesadmittedto

universitiesinBritainthirtyyearsago?

A.20%orso

B.About15%

C.Above30%

D.Below10%

52．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

A.theBritishgovernmentwillbeforcedtoincreaseitsspendingonhigher

education

B.Britishemployersdemandanexpansioninenrollmentattheexpenseof

quality

C.thebestwayoutforBritishuniversitiesistofollowtheirEuropean

counterparts

D.Britishstudentswillprobablyhavetopayfortheirhighereducationinthe

near

53．WhichofthefollowingistheviewpointoftheTimesnewspaper?

A.ExpansioninenrollmentisboundtoaffectthequalityofBritishhigher

education

B.Britishuniversitiesshouldexpandtheirenrollmenttomeettheneedsof

industry

C.Europeanuniversitiescanbettermeettheneedsofthemodernworld

D.Britishuniversitiesshouldhelpfightcompetitiononworldmarkets

【答案與解析】

49．A由文章首句Britishuniversities,groaningundertheburdenofahuge

increaseinstudentnumbers,arewarningthatthetraditionofafreeeducation

isatrisk.可知，由于學(xué)生數(shù)量的暴增，英國大學(xué)認(rèn)為免費(fèi)教育的傳統(tǒng)會

遭遇挑戰(zhàn)。這說明英國大學(xué)主要關(guān)心的問題是如何處理他們?nèi)缃竦呢?cái)務(wù)

危機(jī)。

50．C由文章首句可知，英國大學(xué)教育一直以來都是免費(fèi)的。

51．D第二段末句Oneinthreeschool-leaversentershighereducation,five

timesthenumberwhenthelastreviewtookplacethirtyyearsago.指出，如

今三分之一學(xué)生接受高等教育，是30年前的五倍，說明30年前只有十五

分之一學(xué)生接受高等教育。十五分之一小于10%，故選D。

52．D由第三段句子Everyoneagreesasystemthatisfeelingthestrain

afterrapidexpansionneedsalotmoremoney--butthereislittlehopeof

gettingitfromthetaxpayerandnotmuchscopeforattractingmorefinance

frombusiness.可知沒有希望從納稅人或企業(yè)手中獲得資金。第四段中也

提到，英國大學(xué)希望政府建立學(xué)費(fèi)貸款項(xiàng)目，貸款的話學(xué)生最終也是要

自己還貸，也就是說英國學(xué)生將來還是很有可能需要自己負(fù)擔(dān)學(xué)費(fèi)。

53．A由最后一段最后一句TheTimesnewspaperagrees,complainingthat

qualityhassufferedasstudentnumberssoared,withclosetutorial

supervisiongivingwayto“massproductionmethodsmoretypicalof

Europeanuniversities.”可知泰晤士報(bào)認(rèn)為大學(xué)生數(shù)量的增加會損害到大

學(xué)教育的質(zhì)量。

IV.Writeacompositionofabout400wordsonthetopicbelow:(25%)

54．TheRelationshipbetweenTheoryandPracticeintheStudyof

Translation

【參考范文】

TheRelationshipbetweenTranslationTheoryandPractice

Translationisanactivitywhichrequiresone’scommandofsourcelanguage

andtargetlanguage,andtheknowledgeoftranslationtheoriesconcludedby

well-knowndomesticandforeigntranslationtheorists.SomeChinese

translationtheoristsareintheliterarycircle,includingMaoDun,Xu

Yuanchong,LinYutang,GuoMoruo,etc.Somearepoliticalfigures,

includingLiangQichao,YanFu,etc.Theyproposedtheirownviewstowards

translationandhadtheirtranslationworks.Themostrenownedtranslation

theoristinthewesternworldisEugeneNida,whoputforwardtheconceptof

functionalequivalence.Somepeopleclaimthatitisnouselearning

translationtheoriesandbelievestheyareabstractandobscure.Othershold

theviewthattheknowledgeandunderstandingoftranslationtheoriesisthe

prerequisiteofproducingqualifiedtranslationworks.Inmyview,translation

theoriesaretheguidelinesoftranslationpracticesandtheexperience

obtainedintranslationpracticecanbesummarizedintosystematictheoriesto

facilitatelaterpractice.

Itistranslationtheoriesthatguideusintranslating.Withoutthelearningand

comprehensionoftranslationtheories,ourtranslationmaybeinamess.

Everyonehastheirownwayoftranslating,butwiththeexperienceprovided

bytranslationtheorists,wewillknowwhichwayfitsthesourcetextmost.

Forexample,onemayhavenevertranslatedanEnglishpoemfromEnglishto

Chinese,sohedoesn’tknowhowtodealwithit.Butifhestudiesthethree-

beautyprincipleproposedbyXuYuanchong,afamousChinesetranslator,he

willknowthathemustmakeanattempttoproduceapoemwhichisbeautiful

initssense,form,andsound.

Inturn,theexperienceobtainedintranslationpracticescanbesummarized

intotranslationtheoriestofurtherguideourtranslationpractice.Translation

qualityvariesfrompersontoperson.Itisinevitablethatsomeproducebetter

translationworksthanothers.Thus,wecanlearnfromthebesttranslatorsby

analyzingtheirtranslatingtechniques.Then,maybeanewtranslation

techniquewillbediscoveredandthenappliedbyothertranslatorsintheir

latertranslation.

Allinall,translationtheoriesplayasignificantpartinprovidingprinciples

fortranslationpracticesandtranslationpracticesarethesourcesoflater

translationtheories.Butwemustbearinmindthatthequalityoftranslation

worksdoesnotsolelydependontheapplicationoftranslationtheories.

Translationisacomplicatedactivitywhichdemandsatranslator’s

proficiencyinbothtargetlanguageandsourcelanguage,broadknowledgein

variousfields,perceptionlevel,etc.

【解析】

作文題目：翻譯學(xué)習(xí)中理論與實(shí)踐的關(guān)系。作者提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)：翻

譯理論為翻譯實(shí)踐提供指導(dǎo)原則，而翻譯實(shí)踐中獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)反過來又可

以總結(jié)成系統(tǒng)的翻譯理論，用于之后的實(shí)踐。第一段作者闡明觀點(diǎn)。第

二段中，作者以許淵沖的三美論為例，論述了翻譯理論如何指導(dǎo)翻譯實(shí)

踐。第三段中，作者說明了翻譯實(shí)踐對翻譯理論的作用。最后一