金絲桃屬3個新分類群

金絲桃屬3個新分類群

2001年、2002年7月和8月，對湖北巴東縣的金絲桃進行了藥物和植物資源調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)了以下三個新分類群。1自由基因子lataHypericumhubeienseL.H.Wu&D.P.Yang,sp.nov.Fig.1AffineH.asahinaeMakino,sedfoliispraetermarginemhaudglandulosis,glandulismarginalibusomninonigris,sepalisinaequilongis,glandulismarginalibusnigrisnumerosis,petalisubiqueflavissaepeobovato_oblongis8.5-12mmlongis2.5-3.5mmlatis,adapicemglandulismarginalibusnigrisnumerosis,staminibus70-90differt.Herbaperennis,40-55cmalta.Radiceslateralesetradicesadventitiaenumerosae.Caulesteretes,erecti,saepesimplicesveladapicemramosi.Foliasessilia,ovata,1.5-3.8cmlonga,1-1.6cmlata,apicerotundata,basicordata,amplexicaulia,intramarginemdensenigro_glandulosa,dorsohaudglandulosa,nervislateralibus3-5_jugisascendentibus.Dichasiaterminalia;bracteaelanceolatae,3-7mmlongae,1-2mmlatae,marginenigro_glandulosae,dorsoluteolo_glandulosaevelstriatae.Florescirc.18mmdiam.;pedicelli1-6mmlongi;sepalaangusteovatavellanceolata,inaequilonga,4-6.8mmlonga,0.8-1.8mmlata,apiceacuta,marginedensenigro_glandulosa,dorsonigro_glanduloso_striata;petalaobovato_oblongavelangusteovata,8.5-12mmlonga,2.5-3.5mmlata,dorsonigro_glanduloso_striata,apicemarginenigro_glandulosa;stamina70-90,infasciculos3connata,inquoquefasciculo24-34,filamentis6-9.5mmlongis,antherisnigro_glandulosis;ovariumovoideum,1.5-3.5mmlongum,circ.1.5mmlatum,stylis4.5-6.5mmlongis.Capsulaeovoideae,5-6mmlongae,circ.4mmlatae,longistrorsumglanduloso_striatae.Seminafusca,cylindrica,0.7-0.8mmlonga,circ.0.3mmlata,apicerotundata,submucronata,scrobiculata,inevidenter1_carinata.Fl.Jul.-Aug.Fr.Aug.-Sept.多年生草本,高40-55cm。側(cè)根和不定根多數(shù)。莖圓柱形,直立,常單一或在頂部分枝。葉無柄,卵圓形,長1.5-3.8cm,寬1-1.6cm,頂端圓形,基部心形抱莖,近邊緣密生黑色腺點,葉背面無腺體,側(cè)脈3-5對,斜升。二歧狀聚傘花序頂生;苞片披針形,長3-7mm,寬1-2mm,邊緣具黑色腺體,背面具淡黃色腺體或腺條?；ㄖ睆郊s18mm;花梗長1-6mm;花萼狹卵圓形或披針形,不等大,長4-6.8mm,寬0.8-1.8mm,頂端銳尖,邊緣密被黑色腺體,背面具黑腺條;花瓣倒卵狀矩圓形或狹卵圓形,長8.5-12mm,寬2.5-3.5mm,背面具黑腺條,頂部邊緣具黑色腺體;雄蕊70-90枚,3束,每束24-34枚,花絲長6-9.5mm,花藥具黑色腺體;子房卵球狀,長1.5-3.5mm,寬約1.5mm;花柱長4.5-6.5mm。蒴果卵球狀,長5-6mm,寬約4mm,具縱向腺條紋。種子棕色,圓柱狀,長0.7-0.8mm,寬約0.3mm,頂端圓鈍,略具短尖頭,表面具細蜂窩紋,一側(cè)有一不明顯的龍骨狀突起?；ㄆ?-8月,果期8-9月。China.Hubei(湖北):Badong(巴東),Lücongpo(綠蔥坡),alt.1600m,inthickets,2001_07_27,L.H.Wu&F.S.Wang(吳立宏,王發(fā)松)01035(holotype,heredesignated,SYS;isotype,PE);samelocality,2002_07_31,L.H.Wuetal.02006(SYS).本種相似于H.asahinaeMakino,區(qū)別在于本種葉除了近邊緣外無腺體,近邊緣腺體全為黑色,花萼不等大,邊緣腺體黑色,多數(shù),花瓣黃色,通常倒卵狀矩圓形,長8.5-12mm,寬2.5-3.5mm,頂部邊緣具黑色腺體,多數(shù),雄蕊70-90枚。本種常見于灌草叢中,迄今只見于模式產(chǎn)地的巴東縣。H.asahinae則是日本特有種。二者的親緣關(guān)系也許是東亞植物區(qū)系(中國-日本)緊密親緣的一個證據(jù)。根據(jù)Robson(2001)的系統(tǒng),該種應(yīng)屬于小連翹亞組sect.Hypericumsubsect.ErectaRobson。2radiceadventiti1.3.4和strace-lata兩相HypericumenshienseL.H.Wu&F.S.Wang,sp.nov.Fig.2SpecieshabitucumH.faberiR.KellerexHand._Mazz.optimecongruens,sedfoliissparsimnigro_glandulosis,vulgononlutello_glandulosis,dorsodensepapillatis,papillisminimis,bracteisetbracteolisfoliiformibus,floribusmajoribus,sepalisangusteovatisvellanceolatis,apiceacutis,nigro_glanduloso_striatis,petalisnigro_glanduloso_striatis,staminibus50-60infasciculos3connatis,inquoquefasciculo14-22,seminibuslongioribusdiffert.Herbaperennis,14-40cmalta.Radiceslateralesetradicesadventitiaenumerosae.Caulesteretes,erectiveldecumbentes,ramosi.Foliabreviterpetiolata,obovataveloblonga,1-3.8cmlonga,0.5-1.3cmlata,apiceobtusa,basiangustatavelangustecuneata,supraviridia,subtusviridula,margineetdorsolaxenigro_glandulosa,dorsovulgononluteolo_glandulosa,denseminutequepapillata,nervislateralibus3_jugisascendentibus;petioli0.5-2.5mmlongi.Dichasiaterminalia;bracteaeetbracteolaefoliiformes.Flores12-15mmdiam.;pedicelli1-5mmlongi;sepalaangusteovatavellanceolata,inaequilonga,4-6mmlonga,0.8-1.6mmlata,apiceacuta,dorsonigro_glanduloso_striata;petalaoblonga,6-9mmlonga,1.5-2.5mmlata,marginesupernenigro_glandulosa,dorsonigro_glanduloso_striata;stamina50-60,infasciculos3connata,inquoquefasciculo14-22,filamentis4-7mmlongis,antherisnigro_glandulosis;ovariumovoideum,2-3mmlongum,circ.1.5mmlatum,stylis2.5-3.5mmlongis.Capsulaeovoideae,4-6mmlongae,3-4mmlatae,longistrorsumglanduloso_striatae.Seminafusca,cylindrica,circ.0.8mmlonga,circ.0.4mmlata,apicerotundata,scrobiculata,maximeincomspicue1_carinata.Fl.Jul.-Aug.Fr.Aug.-Sept.多年生草本,高14-40cm。側(cè)根和不定根多數(shù)。莖圓柱形,通常匍匐生根或平臥,多分枝。葉具短柄,倒卵圓形或矩圓形,長1-3.8cm,寬0.5-1.3cm,頂端圓鈍,基部漸狹或狹楔形,腹面綠色,背面淡綠色,邊緣和背面疏具黑色腺體,背面常無淡黃色腺體,密被細小的乳突,側(cè)脈3對,斜升;葉柄長0.5-2.5mm。二歧狀聚傘花序頂生;苞片和小苞片葉狀。花直徑12-15mm;花梗長1-5mm;花萼狹卵圓形或披針形,不等大,長4-6mm,寬0.8-1.6mm,頂端銳尖,背面具黑色腺條;花瓣矩圓形,長6-9mm,寬1.5-2.5mm,頂部邊緣具黑色腺體,背面具黑色腺條;雄蕊50-60枚,3束,每束14-22枚,花絲長4-7mm,花藥具黑色腺體;子房卵球狀,長2-3mm,寬約1.5mm,花柱長2.5-3.5mm。蒴果卵球狀,長4-6mm,寬3-4mm,具縱向腺條紋。種子棕色,長約0.8mm,寬約0.4mm,頂端圓鈍,表面具細蜂窩紋,有一極不明顯的龍骨狀突起?；ㄆ?-8月。果期8-9月。China.Hubei(湖北):Badong(巴東),Dazhiping(大支坪),alt.1000-1300m,forestmargin,fieldsideandroadside,2001_07_24,L.H.Wu&F.S.Wang(吳立宏,王發(fā)松)01022(holotype,heredesignated,SYS);samelocality,2001_07_23,01018(SYS,PE);samelocality,2001_07_26,01029(SYS);samelocality,2001_07_28,01040(SYS).本種在形態(tài)上與H.faberiR.KellerexHand._Mazz.極相似,但葉疏具黑色腺體,通常無淡黃色腺體,背面密具細小乳突,苞片和小苞片葉狀,花較大,花萼狹卵圓形或披針形,頂端銳尖,花萼和花瓣具黑色腺條,雄蕊50-60枚,3束,每束14-22枚,種子較大而不同。本種常見于林緣、路邊和田邊,只見于模式產(chǎn)地的巴東縣。而H.faberi(也是中國特有種)則分布于陜西、安徽、湖南、廣西、四川、貴州、云南東北部(李錫文,1990)、河南和湖北(新記錄分布區(qū))。根據(jù)Robson的最近研究(Robson,2001),湖北小連翹應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于小連翹亞組sect.Hypericumsubsect.Erecta的新成員。3h.er長期khaftamsHypericumerectumThunb.exMurrayssp.longisepalumL.H.Wu&D.P.Yang,ssp.nov.Assp.erectodiffertsepalismajoribus(3-4.5mmlongis0.8-2mmlatis),stylisovariobrevioribus,seminibusnoncarinatis.China.Hubei(湖北):Badong(巴東),Lücongpo(綠蔥坡),alt.1600m,forestmarginandthickets,2001_07