英美議會(huì)制度比較

AmericanandBritishparliamentarysystemcomparativeanalysis（經(jīng)管07級(jí)工商4班于少東20070506)Abstract:Politicalinstitutions（set)belongtoPoliticalsuperstructureareas，generallyreferstoitssocialQualitativeadaptationofthenationalauthoritiesandbasicsystem?！盤oliticalsystemandhumansocietyasthevarioussystems,Isaproductofhistoricaldevelopment，withtimeandspacemark.”1300yearsago，BritishbourgeoisrevolutionLater,thecapitalistcountriesgraduallyestablishandpracticeofthedemocraticpoliticsandpromulgatedtheconstitutionandconstitutionalism,makegraduallyimplementingCapitalisminthefieldsaredeveloped.BothBritainandthepoliticalsystemhasthesametheoreticalbasis:”naturalrights”theoryand"separation"Principle；Thespecificcontentofpoliticalsystemincludesparliamentarysystem,theelectoralsystem,judicialsystem，thegovernmentsystem，Civilservicesystemandpoliticalpartysystem;etc。Allflaunt"people’sdemocracy”,withthemainformsoftherepresentativefordemocracy，Powersystemrunningintheseparationofpowersandthecharacteristicsof”rulebylaw"principle.ThemostfundamentalcapitalistcountriesasHomepoliticalsystemoftwotypicalrepresentative，BritainandtheUnitedKingdominthemaintenanceofbourgeoisinterests，safeguardendowmentsocialistprivateownershipDegrees,carryoutthebourgeoisdictatorshiphasthesameessence.ButinconcretepoliticalsystemlevelandthetwocountriesSincethe精品文檔放心下載presentdifferentcharacteristics。精品文檔放心下載KeyWords：parliamentarysystem,感謝閱讀

culture；

difference英美議會(huì)制度之比較摘要:政治制度（PoliticalRegime）屬于上層建筑范疇,一般是指與本國(guó)的社會(huì)性質(zhì)相適應(yīng)的國(guó)家權(quán)利機(jī)構(gòu)和基本制度?！闭沃贫扰c人類社會(huì)的各種制度一樣，是歷史發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，帶有時(shí)間與空間的烙印。”1300多年前，英國(guó)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命后,資本主義國(guó)家逐步建立和實(shí)踐了民主政治，頒布了憲法并逐步實(shí)行憲政,使資本主義在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都得到了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。謝謝閱讀英美兩國(guó)政治制度具有相同的理論基礎(chǔ):”天賦人權(quán)”學(xué)說和”三權(quán)分立”原則；政治制度的具體內(nèi)容都包括議會(huì)制度、選舉制度、司法制度、政府制度、公務(wù)員制度和政黨制度等；都標(biāo)榜"人民民主"，以代議制為民主的主要形式；政權(quán)體制都實(shí)行分權(quán)制衡和”法治”原則的特點(diǎn)。而最根本的是作為資本主義國(guó)家政治制度的兩個(gè)典型代表，英美兩國(guó)在維護(hù)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)利益、維護(hù)資主義私有制度、實(shí)行資產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政等方面具有相同的本質(zhì)。但在具體政治制度層面兩國(guó)又各自呈現(xiàn)不同的特點(diǎn)。謝謝閱讀關(guān)鍵詞：議會(huì)制度文化差異Britishparliamentarysystem謝謝閱讀A,introductionTheBritishparliamentisknownas"parliament’smother。InBritaintakestheleadincreating感謝閱讀capitalistmodeofproduction,andmeanwhiletakestheleadincreatingawiththeappropriate精品文檔放心下載Shouldtheconstitutionalsystem,whichistheparliamentforsubstantialpartofthe感謝閱讀parliamentarysystem.TheBritishparliamentasthemotherofparliament,reasonhasthe精品文檔放心下載followingtheitems。Thelongesthistory.1。Ifthe”modelin1295convenedforthebeginning,thenparliament"，theBritishcontinuousparliamentarypracticehassofarmorethansevenhundredyears。OnlyBritain謝謝閱讀Parliamentisconcerned，thehistoryofthelongworldnocountryparliamentcanwatchwithadmiration.精品文檔放心下載TheBritishparliamenthistory’spreciousnessisnotonlyliesinitstimelong,butbecauseithasexperiencedthecontradictionofdeepandcomplex,liesinitsplace精品文檔放心下載Accumulateexperiencesandlessonsoftherich,liesintheparliamentarypracticecontainssevenhundredyearsofenlightenment.精品文檔放心下載2.Overthrowfeudalmonarchystruggleextremelyfullyandsuccess精品文檔放心下載Aswithmostcountries，Britainhadlongfeudalsocietyperiodandaccompaniedbythefeudalmonarchy.Howeverapartis,謝謝閱讀Alsointhefeudalmonarchy，theBritishcouncilwilltenaciouslyspearedout,andhasbeenindomitabletobindkingship,untilthekingshipresolutelyplacedParliamentbargaineesunder.精品文檔放心下載BritishKingsfeudalautocraticmanytendency，haveaplentyofdye—in-the-wooddespot，andtheparliamentpowerbitterest。Therefore,theBritishparliament精品文檔放心下載Intheworldknowonlyhavekingshipanddisownparliamentaryauthorityeraofkingship，精品文檔放心下載withoutconstraintagaininvariouswaysandsceptrestruggle。Lawmakerstokingplease謝謝閱讀May，rightthemselves；Borrowtheking’staxadvice,attackingdemandsanddiscussesthe感謝閱讀princesandevilkingsin。Whenpeaceparliamentarystrugglecanstoptheking’sautocratic精品文檔放心下載throughWhenparliamentwithacommandarmy,wangjunJueSiwar。Parliamentwaseventoabolishthemonarchyandrepublicanism。Afteraboutfivehundredyearsofinnumerableback精品文檔放心下載Closebattle,parliamentfinallyovercomethemonarchyandaerialkingship，willbetransformedintoindependentmonarchywithoutabilityofconductnationalsymbol，andmakethemworkforparliamentarysupremacy感謝閱讀Systemservice。TheBritishparliamentforothercountriesovercomemonarchyofsimilarrevolutionoffersrichexperience,oneofthemostvaluedis：useparliamentfinancial謝謝閱讀Rightwithwarbeatfrettingkingship,king，withoverheadoperationtransformationkingship.感謝閱讀3.Createnewelectoralsystem感謝閱讀Britainfromfeudalsocietyperiodalreadyformedasenateelectionsystems,andhavebeenusedtothe19thcenturyprophase。Thefeudalmonarchyofparliament謝謝閱讀Theelectoralsystemfacilitatesthekingcalledparliament，whichisbeneficialtotherulersandpluterigelections.精品文檔放心下載Parliamentary-based，congressneedstobuildtheirownsocialbasis。From1832onwards，theBritishparliamentcontinuousexploration,establishnewCongressmanelectoral.謝謝閱讀Tovoters'property,genderrequirementsgraduallyabolished,agerequirementreducedtotheadministrativedivisions,narrowbasisanddeterminetheconstituencybetweenpopulation。Constituency精品文檔放心下載Differences。Results，eighteenyearsofvotersteamup.Ontheotherhand,tothesenatorcandidate'sproperty,gender,age.Qualificationcorrespondingabandoned謝謝閱讀Lessrequirements。Thus，civiliancourttoambitiousciviliansopenedthedoor.Partybecomescampaignorganizers，itsetplatform,nominatecandidates，精品文檔放心下載Raisingcampaignfunds，stirringvoters。Electionintovotersaroundtheparty’spoliciesandcandidates，andmaketheauthorizedchoice。Countryofvoters,candidate精品文檔放心下載People，politicalpartyintheelectionbehavior，andtomakeastandardelectiondisputesrenderanarbitration.OneconstituencyelectionaCongressman,attainsthesimplemajority感謝閱讀candidateWhowaselected.TheBritishparliamentbeforeothermostcountriesparliamentgropingbuiltabovenewelectoralsystem，oneofthemanypointsforoneanother感謝閱讀Anationalassemblyquoted.精品文檔放心下載4.Createmeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelreveal精品文檔放心下載Parliamentfromamonarchhandtakenaftertheexerciseofsovereignty,howsovereignty?Britainandotherafewcountriesfacingtheconstitutionalearlierissue感謝閱讀Thechallenge,andinitiallymadeanswer，namelycreateBritishmeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelreveal。謝謝閱讀ThemaincharacteristicsofBritishmeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealdisplaysin：governmentmembersbytheparliamentciviliancourtmajorityfrontseatsenatorandcompanionsfrontseatconcurrently；651zheng感謝閱讀Mansiontocivilianscourtyardbearthecollectiveresponsibilityandministerpersonalresponsibility;Thegovernmentarrangementthelegislationofparliament.MoltencertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealoriginallyintheBritishparliamentforoverheadkingAdministrativepower,andbytheparliamentadoptedbytheexecutivepowercontrol,thusconsolidateparliamentarysupremacysystem.Unexpectedis，withmodernBritishgovernmentduty謝謝閱讀Inflation，exercisingadministrativepowerofthegovernment,thelegislativecouncilgraduallymanipulationoftheparliamentaryvotetolanguish.精品文檔放心下載PracticeshowedthatBritishmeltwithcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealearlieritcreatedtheUnitedStatestruly，convenientdecentralizedcomparedthegovernmentpolicyintolegalandthenpush感謝閱讀Do，yetitexcessiveweakenedstateparliamentintheroleofdecision-makingproceduresinparliament’simage,positionadverseverymuch.Inthisconnection,decentralization精品文檔放心下載SystemundertheU。S。congresstosafeguarditsaddressingintrepidlegislativepowerandfinancialpower；ManycitedBritishparliamentarymeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealincreasinglyremindourselvesnottofallinto精品文檔放心下載Themotherofparliamentposition，theyareentitledtouselesstit—for—tatproposesmuststrengthenparliamentinstateofthedecisionscontrolfunction。謝謝閱讀5.Foundedmajoritywithoppositionmode感謝閱讀TheBritishparliamentfirstfrankrecognitioninparliamentarypartieswithintheexistence,andpressthedelegatecounthowmanyirrelevanceseatstoassignitsconstitutionalfunction。getCiviliancourtmajorityseatspartytoexerciseadministrativepower,namelyform，butalsoobtainorganizationciviliancourtofthelegislationandtheotherprivileges.謝謝閱讀Obtainciviliancourttimesmostseatspartyledtobecomenamelymagnificenceopposition,obtainedwithmajorityconsultationarrangementsciviliancourtagenda，andhavetheprivilegeof感謝閱讀Rightrepresentingalloppositiondividesthemotion，thegovernmentshoulddeclareetc,alsohasthepowerseparatearrangementciviliancourtparttimeBianTi，andleadershipinstituteofseveralcivilians感謝閱讀KeyADhoccommittee.Seatslessthanotherledtheoppositionpartiesoftheoppositionalsoenjoycertainrights。Overalllook,majorityleaderadministrativeandlegislation精品文檔放心下載Method,theoppositionisresponsibleforsupervisionandadministration.Byusingthemajority精品文檔放心下載——oppositionrelationmode，theBritishparliamentMPStousethepursuitoffame，謝謝閱讀Makethemaccordingtotheirpartiesundertakecorrespondingrelationshipbetweenconstitutionresponsibilities，broketheformerpoliticalpartysystemperiodgovernment—parliamentagainstrelationship，changeandtheformationofthemajority謝謝閱讀Thepartyandthegovernment——theoppositionagainstrelations,politicalsituationandconstitutionalismrolecrossed.QuoteBritishmeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealnationalparliamentsmostalsoprimers謝謝閱讀WiththeBritishpioneeringmajority--theoppositionsystem.感謝閱讀6.Modernparliament’sresponsibility謝謝閱讀Thefeudalmonarchy，theBritishcouncilistheresponsibilityofthepetitionrightthemselves，decidetocourt：finance，legislation,supervisionpalace,trialrespondentswhowereentitledto.精品文檔放心下載Parliamentboardedthesupremestatus,themodernwelfarestateformation，meltingcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealrole,allofthesecontributetotheBritishparliamentreassessedhisresponsibilities.感謝閱讀Modern，theBritishcouncilwillthefollowingasownduty:legislation，decidethestate謝謝閱讀finance，nominategovernment,supervisionandgovernmentwork，trialpublic精品文檔放心下載Complaints，debateforvotershandleaffairs,stateandtrialofrespondentswhowereentitled謝謝閱讀to。Practiceshowthat,exceptforthehighestappealscourtoutside，themotherofparliament精品文檔放心下載liableResponsibilityforallactivitiescomplywithmodernsocietyinparliamentexpected。Therefore,manycountriesparliamentwillalsotheforegoingledtohisresponsibilities。感謝閱讀7.EstablishedrulesMembersofparliament,fulfillitsmanymanyresponsibilities，musthavetheaidofparticularwayandrules。TheBritishparliamentfromwhichthecenturybeginsfoundeddeliberationpractices,謝謝閱讀Tograduallyexpresslyformulaterules，andtaketheleadhasformedacompletesetofdeliberationandphysical。感謝閱讀Civiliancourtwithitspermanentrulesasmainbody，deliberationandpractices，thespeakercutting，suchasthedeliberationandcodeofauxiliarysystemrules,withinthegrand感謝閱讀Letonlydeep。Itclassifygrounddeliberationstipulatedeachunitofcomposition,duty,completelegislativeprocedures，andquestionedtheway，debateway，deliberationThetiming,meetingthefunctionofachairman,etc。精品文檔放心下載TheBritishparliamentdeliberationbill'sstructureincreasinglyunsuitedtomodernlegislativeproceduresofdemocracyandsciencerequest,bemanycountriesparliamentabandoned。however謝謝閱讀But，theBritishparliamentwasinitiatedbythedebatesystem，inquiringsystem，conferencesystembutgetmanynationalcouncilofidentity.精品文檔放心下載8.Foundedparliamentprivilege感謝閱讀TheBritishparliamentwithamonarch'sstruggle，inordertoprotectyourselffromthethreat，感謝閱讀undisturbedmeeting，taketheleadinthecreationofparliamentprivilege。now謝謝閱讀Generation，parliamentprivilegetopreventtheoutsideparliamentstrengthinterference，感謝閱讀destroyparliament,stillindispensable.Becauseofthis，manycountriesparliamentemulated精品文檔放心下載TheBritishcouncil，settherespectiveprivilege.精品文檔放心下載9。Exploreparliamentfull-timeglycosylated感謝閱讀MedievalEnglandcouncilalsojustpart—timetype.Inordertomaintaintheparliament’ssupremestatus,effectivelyfulfillparliamentofmodernduties,theBritishparliament精品文檔放心下載Firstonfull—timechangepath.TheBritishparliamentfull-timeofconstructioninvolvessuchimportantcontent.First，obtainspecialofficespaceandfacilities，and謝謝閱讀Decidesitsdevelopment.Second,senatorsalary,andobtaintheofficeexpenses，equippedwithassistant.Third,settingacompleterangeofassistantandserviceagencies。精品文檔放心下載Fourth,equippedwiththenecessaryauxiliaryinstitutions.Fifth，executeconferencesystem.TheBritishparliamentinfull—timeofexploration,ofofficespace,thetimeofthemeeting,etcImportanceveryearlyhasknown，itsmeasuresalsoprovedtobeworthemulated.Butsenatorsalary，equippedwithassistantforparliamentequippedwiththenecessaryauxiliarymachineComposeonissuessuchas，theBritishcounciltrudgedwithoutmeaning,eventuallyhadtoquotetheexperienceofothercountriesparliament.精品文檔放心下載Anyhow,theBritishparliamentasthemotherofparliament，andnotinthesensethatitprovidesusallsuccessfulexperience，butsaidittooktheleadinexploringtherepresentativeRoad.Itinexploringtimeearlierthantheinter—parliamentary,contentisverydeep，itsexperienceorteachandthereforehavetofinalizethedesignstrength,availabletousorborrowJian，oroftheincident。精品文檔放心下載Moderncountries,mostexecutessimilarBritishmeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelreveal。So，thoroughlyunderstandtheBritishparliament，weknowofthesecountriesparliamentandits謝謝閱讀Thewholeconstitutionsystem，ismucheasier.Afewcountriesimplement，andseveraldecentralizedstatepracticesbetweencertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealanddecentralizedfusionbetweenprospectivepoints謝謝閱讀Certaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelreveal.UnderstandtheBritishcouncil,willgreatlyhelpustounderstandthesetwokindsofstatecouncil,andeventhewholeconstitutionsystem，fortheyareboth謝謝閱讀ConsciouslyquotedBritishparliamentary-basedlong,remedyitsshort,anddesignoftheirrespectiveconstitutionsystemandparliament。精品文檔放心下載Americanparliamentarysystem精品文檔放心下載Federalregulators—congress精品文檔放心下載America’stoplegislature。Composedbythesenateandthehouseofrepresentatives.Congressexerciselegislativepower。Billgeneralafterputtingforward，committee謝謝閱讀Thedeliberation，54％personnelcongresstoconsiderprograms。Acourtispassed，totheotherhouse，whichinturnafterthesameprogram。Billby精品文檔放心下載AfterthePresidentsignedbythehouseandsenate，IfthePresidentdoesn’tveto，orifthevetobutthesenate2/3members，namelyformalintothroughagain感謝閱讀Forthelaw.Congressalsohasotherpowersprescribedbytheconstitution.Asdeclaredpower，therighttoamendtheconstitutionetc。Housesareequippedwithxu謝謝閱讀Manycommittee,andsetupbysenatelawmakerscomposedofjointcommittee，congresswork精品文檔放心下載mostlyineachcommittee.Commissionisdividedinto:感謝閱讀(1）theSCMMeachsessionofcongress,thenumberisendlessandsame,termandeachsessionofparliamentwithtenureastwoyears。Theinfluenceare：謝謝閱讀Thehouserules,tax,grant，military,judicialandforeignaffairscommittee，thesenatediplomatic，funding，finance，謝謝閱讀Judicialandmilitaryaffairscommittee.謝謝閱讀(2）specialinvestigationcommittee，forthetreatmentoftemporaryorsetupspecialproblems。精品文檔放心下載jointcommittee，needtomakedecisionsaboutthecommonhouseandsenateisformed。4themediationcommittee,itstaskistodrawupabipartisanbillacceptablefor.Congressalsosetsupthetotalauditroom,libraryofcongress精品文檔放心下載Suchastheagencies.Thesenate精品文檔放心下載ThePresidentwithforeignstatestreatiesandappointedbythePresidentoftheseniorofficialsmustbeapprovedbythesenate，thesenateentitledimpeachmenttrial，謝謝閱讀EntitledtounderspecialconditionscheckvicePresident.Senatordirectlyelectedbythestatesvoters，eachstate2,implementstaterepresentation感謝閱讀Theprincipleofequality。Existingmembers100.Waselectedsenatormustbeatleast30yearsold，astheU。S。citizensisfullalready9years,waselected謝謝閱讀Forselectedresidentsofthestates。Term6