微生物課件1章細(xì)菌基本性狀

Abnormalgrowthformsthatmayarisespontaneouslyortheinhibitionofcellwallsynthesisinbacteria.FromtheG+bacteria---protoplastFromtheG-bacteria---spheroplast3.1.8Wall-lessformsofBacteria

（BacterialLForms）lackingarigidcellwall

polymorphy;Gramnegative

Difficulttocultivate;Highosmoticstrength

Slowgrowth;SpecificcolonialmorphologySomecanreverttothenormal臨床分離葡萄球菌L型葡萄球菌L型回復(fù)后

SomeL-formsbacteriahavepathogenicity,canproducesomechronicinfection.CultivatingofL-formsbacteriaChangingantibacterialagentspathogenicity3.2Cellmembrane

Atypical“unitmembrane”,whichcomposedofaphospholipidbilayerandproteinssimilartothatineukaryoticcells,butdonotcontainsterols.3.2.1Function

TransportationOfnutrientsubstanceEnergygenerationBioSynthesisSecretionofproteinCelldivision3.2.2ImportantproteinonthecellmembraneTranspeptidase,participatethelinkingofpeptidesidechainandcross-bridge.

Penicillin-bindingprotein(PBP)

protein-secretingsystem

Outermembraneprotein+Cellmembraneprotein+

Accessoryprotein(ATPase,signalpeptidase,ect)ponentsignaltransductionSensorprotein+Responseregulatorprotein;quorumsensing(QS)system3.2.3Mesosome

Aspecializedstructuresformedbyinvaginatingofcytoplasmicmembrane

SeptalmesosomeLateralmesosome.ParticipatebacterialenergymetabolismCompartmentingofDNAatcelldivision

Chondroid3.3Cytoplasm

TheproteininCytoplasmhavefunctionofcytoskeletalprotein.Itcandecidecellshape,adjustcelldivisionandchromosomesegregation.3.3.1Ribosomes

ConstituteofRNAandprotein.ContaintwosubunitConnectwithmRNAtoformpolysomeThesiteofproteinsynthesisStreptomycinGentamicinErythromycinChloramphenicol3.3.2Plasmid

Closeddouble-StrandedcircularDNAmolecules.CarrygeneticinformationandcancontrolsomepropertiesNonessentialforlife.Geneticmaterialextra-chromosome3.3.3InclusiongranulesHavingdistinguishablesignificant.Nutritionstore

Metachromaticgranules3.4Nucleoid（nuclearmaterial）

Lackingnuclearmembraneandnucleoli,henceknownasnucleicmaterialornucleoid.Closeddouble-StrandedcircularDNAmolecules

BacterialChromosome

onetoseveralperbacterium.ItisBaseofbacterialgeneticmaterial.3.5CapsuleMucinousmaterialwhichsurroundtheoutsideofthecellwall.

Wideenough(0.2μmormore)CombinewithcellwalltightCleardividefromcellwall3.5.1ChemicalcompositionPolysaccharideorpolypeptide,itswatercontentcanreachto95%Itscomplicatedstructionmakeitetobaseofbacterialserologicaltyping.

Developmentdependentonfavorableenvironmentalcondition.3.5.2FormationconditionsInvivoNutrient-richculturemedium

Iflosingcapsule,bacterialcolonywilltureintoRtypefromStypeorMtype.3.5.3Function

ProtectbacteriumfromphagocytosingPlayaroleintheadherenceofbacteriumProtectthebacteriaagainstattackbyvariouskindsofantibacterialagentsHaveantigenicity3.5.4Examination

NegativestainCapsulestainFluorescentstain3.6FlagellumFlagellumisthin,long,andthread-likeappendages.ItisotoryorganellesAllspiralbacteriumHalfbacillusFewcoccus3.6.1classes3.6.2composition

Flagellaarecomposedofmanysubunitsofflagellinwhicharehighantigenicity(Hantigen)3.6.3StructureBasalbodyHookFilament3.6.4Examination

ObservebyLMafterflagellastainObservedirectlybyEMObservethemotilityofbacteriaInoculatingonthesemisolidagar

3.6.5FunctionBeingotoryorganelles,canmovethebacteriatowardnutrientsandotherattractantsPathogenesisIdentificationofBacterium3.7Pilus/fimbriaeManyG-bacteriaandfewG+bacteriapossessshorterandstraighterthanflagella,rigidsurfaceappendages.ObservedthroughtheEM

PilinenclosecentershaftandformtubularStructure,showingspiralarrangement.Pilinhavehighantigenicity.3.7.1compositionandclasses

Piliwasdividedintoordinarypiliandsexpiliaccordingtoitsfunction.3.7.2Ordinarypili

SpreadalloverbacterialcellsurfaceAdhesionstructureItsspecialadhesiondecidethesusceptiblepartofpathogenicbacterium3.7.3Sexpili

Onlyappearinafewgram-negativebacteria1~4sexpilipercellCodedbyFplasmidInducebacterialconjugationActasreceptorsitesforcertainphages3.8Spore

whennutrientsaredepleted,somebacterialcytoplasmmayshowdehydrationandformroundedorovalbody.Sporeisahighresistantrestingphase.3.8.1SporulateandGerminate

Developmentdependentonbadenvironmentalcondition.NutrientsaredepletedOxygencontentortemperature

Ifwasstimulated,sporemaygerminateandformvegetativeform.Butsporeisnotbacterialmeanofreproduction.3.8.2Formativeprocess

Beginwithlastlogarithmicphaseofbacterium.6-8days3.8.3Structureofspore

Core+layeredthickmembrane

Coreisitsprotoplastandbacterialbasisforitslife.

Layeredmembranecontainlowwatercontent,andcontainstagnantmetabolism3.8.4Characteristics

Havestrongresistancetoheatandchemicals.AutoclavingsterilizationcankillsporeCankeepdormantformanyyearsLayeredthickmembraneLowwatercontentDipicolinicacidincortex3.8.5significanceindifferentiation3.8.6Significanceinmedicalscience

BestandardofthoroughsterilizationCancausediseasesthroughgerminationHavingsignificanceindifferentiation4.Physicalandchemicalproperties

PhysicalpropertiesChemicalproperties4.1Chemicalcomponents

Water75%-90%,BasisforitslifeProtein40%-80%VitalmovementandphysiologicalphenomenonarerelatedwithproteinNucleicacidDNAisgeneticmaterial;RNAisrelatedwithsynthetizingofprotein

Sugar10%-30%BacterialstructuralmaterialImportantenergyLipids1%-7%ImportantcomponentofintimaandcellwallInorganicsaltMoretypesandcomplicatedfunction4.2Physicalproperties

TranslucentbodySmallvolumeandbigsuperficialareaElectriferousphenomenonBrownianmovementSemi-permeabilityHighosmoticpressureBriefsummary

細(xì)菌L型的概念、特點及其在醫(yī)學(xué)上的意義；中介體及細(xì)胞膜上的重要蛋白質(zhì)；細(xì)胞質(zhì)及核質(zhì)；細(xì)菌特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的概念、形成條件、結(jié)構(gòu)、觀察方法、功能及其醫(yī)學(xué)意義；細(xì)菌革蘭染色法1.什么是L型細(xì)菌？它具有哪些特點？2.中介體的本質(zhì)是什么？有何重要功能？3.簡述細(xì)菌的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)及其在醫(yī)學(xué)上的意義4.簡述細(xì)菌的理化特性QuestionsChineseandEnglishkeyword細(xì)菌（bacterium）球菌（coccus）螺形菌（spiralbacterium）弧菌（vibrio)螺菌（spirillum)細(xì)胞壁（cellwall）肽聚糖（peptidoglycan）磷壁酸（teichoicacid）膜磷壁酸（membraneteichoicacid）脂磷壁酸（lipoteichoicacid，LTA）脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）內(nèi)毒素（endotoxin）細(xì)菌L型（bacterialLform）質(zhì)粒（plasmid）核糖體(ribosome)中介體（mesos