名詞性從句-公開課

NounClauseNounClauses(名詞性從句)SubjectClause(主語從句)AppositiveClause（同位語從句）ObjectClause（賓語從句）PredicativeClause（表語從句）Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主語從句賓語從句表語從句

名詞性從句的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，因此主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。同位語從句ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞):從屬連詞(不作成分）連接代詞（作成分）連接副詞（作狀語）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,if,asif/asthoughwhen,where,how,why1.主語從句

主語從句就是從句在主句中作主語的名詞性從句。1)Thatshelefthim

hurtshimsomuch.

2)Whetheritwillpleasethem

isnoteasytosay.3)

Whatweneedismorepractice.4)Whenwewillbeginthemeeting

isunderdiscussion.*that—只起引導(dǎo)作用，不充當(dāng)成分，但不能省略。*whether是否，表不確定的事情(不能用If）*what在從句中作主語*When在從句中作狀語*______________________________(他是否要來)isnotyetknown.*_____________________________(他想告訴我們什么)isnotclear.*___________________________(誰會(huì)贏得這場比賽)isstillunknown.*_______________________________(你錯(cuò)過了這次機(jī)會(huì))isapity.=Itis___________________________________.Exercise1:WhetherhewillcomeornotWhathewantstotellusWhowillwinthematchThat

youmissedthechanceapitythat

youmissedthechance

注意:

由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免“頭重腳輕”,常用it

作形式主語,而把從句放在后面。例如:

1.That

hewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible.______________________________________________________________________________2.Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural._____________________________________*it為形式主語Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusethispieceofadvice.這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型:

1)Itis+n.+從句

Itisapity/shamethat...遺憾的是……

Itisasurprisethat…令人驚奇的是…

Itisafactthat……是事實(shí)

Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常識(shí)*_______________(很遺憾)welostthematch.*______________(這是事實(shí))hecheatedintheexam.ItisapitythatItisafactthat2)Itis+adj.+從句

It’scertainthat…肯定…

Itispossiblethat...很可能……

Itisunlikelythat...不可能……Itisobviousthat…很明顯…Itisnecessary\important\natural\...that…*_________________(很可能)shewillcomebacktomorrow.*_________________(很明顯)thismeasureiseffective.+(should)+do…ItispossiblethatItisobviousthat3)It+不及物動(dòng)詞+從句

Ithappenedthat...碰巧……

Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起…*________________(剛好)Icameintotheofficeatthattime.*____________________(我突然想起)Iforgettosenttheletter.IthappenedthatItoccurredtomethat4)It+be+過去分詞+從句Itissaidthat...據(jù)說……

Itisknowntoallthat...眾所周知……

Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……

Itisbelievedthat...據(jù)信……;人們相信……

Itissuggestedthat+(should）do...建議……Itmustbeadmittedthat…必須承認(rèn)……Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否認(rèn)……

Itmustbepointedoutthat…需指出的是……

*___________________(據(jù)報(bào)道)20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.*______________________(建議)weshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreexercise.ItisreportedthatItissuggestedthat5.在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等,謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”,常用的句型有：（1）Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that...（2）Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that...（3）Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that...如:Itisstrangethatshe(should)thinkso.

賓語從句Wecanlearnwhatwedonotknow.HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawintheU.S.A.Idon’tknowwherewewillholdthemeeting.(語序)1.Idecided（that）Iwouldgototheparty.2.Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcomebacktomorrow.3.Iwanttoknowhowithappened.4.Hewaslisteningto

whattheteachersaid.

賓語從句就是從句在主句中作賓語的名詞性從句,通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。2.賓語從句1._______________(我聽說)hejoinedthearmy.2.___________________(我懷疑)hewillsucceed.3.Payattentionto_____________________(醫(yī)生說些什么).4.Doyouknow__________________(他什么時(shí)候會(huì)來)?5.Didshesay___________________________(我們應(yīng)該怎么做這個(gè)工作)?Exercise2:Iheard

(that)Idoubt

whether/ifwhat

thedoctorsaidwhen

hewillcomehow

weshoulddotheworkFillintheblankswithsuitableconjunctions.1.---Canyoutellme_____themanis?---Heismybrother.2.Ididn'tknow_____hewascominguntilyesterday.3.Thedoctorasks____medicineyouhavetaken.4.Thisis_____theysolvedtheproblemsinthecity.whowhenwhathow5.Whatfrightenedusmostwas_____twolightssuddenlyappearedoutofthedarkness.6.Mymotherasked____thematterwaswithme.7.ThereasonIdidn'tcometothemeetingwas____Igotill.whatthatthatWethoughtit

strange

thatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.2.Hehasmadeit

clear

thathewillnotgivein.注意：

it?？梢苑旁趧?dòng)詞think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作為形式賓語,真正的賓語-that從句則放在句尾.*________________________(我們覺得很奇怪)shedidn’tgotoschooltoday.Wethinkit

strange

that5.wish后，從句中的時(shí)態(tài)在原本的時(shí)態(tài)上退一步，即

wishthat…過去時(shí)…(跟現(xiàn)在相反)would+v.(跟將來相反)haddone(跟過去相反)IwishthatI____thatfilmstaryesterday.AsawB.hadseenCwouldseeDhasseenwouldratherthatsbdidsth\sbhaddoneTranslatethesesentencesintoEnglishusingnounclauses.1.這是我們所想要的東西。

Thisiswhatwewant.

2.我認(rèn)為你是對(duì)的。

Ithinkyouareright.3.我想知道他是否能幫助我。

I’dliketoknowwhetherhecanhelpmeornot.4.天氣不是昨天那樣了。

Theweatherisnotwhatitwasyesterday.5.問題是我們?cè)趺茨芡瓿扇蝿?wù)。

Theproblemishowwecanfinishthetask.表語從句

在句子中作表語，在系動(dòng)詞之后Thequestioniswhetherwecancompletethedifficulttask.Thefactisthatwewillhavetwodaysoff.常見的系動(dòng)詞分為三種：A．表示特征和狀態(tài)：

be,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear等

B．表示由一類狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)為另一類狀態(tài)：

get,become,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等C．表示某種狀態(tài)的：

remain,keep,prove,rest,continue,stay等3.表語從句

表語從句就是從句在主句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后1.Thetroubleis(that)Ihavelosthisaddress.

2.Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.3.Thatiswhathehasdone.4.Theproblemremainshowtogetsomefinancialsupport.表語從句：1.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewas_____hemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.2.Thequestionis_______________________________(我們是否能做好準(zhǔn)備）insuchashorttime.3.WhatIwanttoknowis__________________________(我該買哪部詞典）.4.Thepointis__________________（你什么時(shí)候可以完成）Exercise3:whetherwecanmakegoodwhenyoucanfinishit.thatwhichdictionaryIpreparationshouldbuy找出各句中的從句并指出是何種從句。1.Idon'tknowifIcandoit.2.Whatheisdoingseemsverydifficult.3.Theimportantthingishowwecanimproveourstudies.4.MrLialwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.5.Thenewsthatshewaspretendingtobesickwaswhisperedfromonetoanother.6.That'swhatyouaregoingtodofirst.7.It'llbedecidedattheclassmeetingwhoistobethemonitorofourclass.8.Whenthesportsmeetistobeheldisstillunderdiscussion.9.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.10.HegavemethenewsthatsomeAmericanswillvisitourschooltomorrow.

4.同位語從句

同位語從句就是從句在句中作同位語的名詞性從句，是對(duì)與其同位的名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。大多數(shù)同位語從句由從屬連詞that

(whether,how,when,where,why)引導(dǎo)（不能省略）,常跟以下抽象名詞后,fact/news/idea/reason/hope/belief/truth/dream/problem/advice/suggestion/thought/order/doubt/answer/reply…1.Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinion

thatallmatterconsistsofatoms.2.WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome.3.Heoftenasksmethisquestion

whenTomwillcomebackfromAmerican.Appositiveclause同位語從句:1.Theidea______computerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.Thepossibility______themajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.3.Ihavenoidea________________(他去了哪里）4.Theyarethinkingaboutthequestion___________________(怎么能夠贏得)thecompetition.5.Pleasetellusthetruth__________________(誰為我們做的）.thatthathowtheywhodidthatforuswherehehasgoneExercise4:couldwin1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.

*(同位語從句,補(bǔ)充說明news到底是一個(gè)什么消息，that雖不作成分,但不能省略)2.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.

*(定語從句,起修飾作用，說明到底是哪一個(gè)消息，that在從句中作told的賓語,可以省略)

注意：同位語從句與定語從句區(qū)別

判斷:定語從句or同位語從句1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.

2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.3.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.4.Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue.5.Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone.(定語從句)(同位語從句)(同位語從句)(定語從句)(定語從句)注意1：that/what的辨用1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacheris

saying.4.Hetoldus______hefeltill.5.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

6.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

7.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.8.Thefact______sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.

WhatThatwhatwhatwhat（that）（that）thatRules1.that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用2.what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可做從句的主語、賓語、或表語。注意2：whether與if的辨用1.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.2.Itremainsaproblemwhether/ifitistrue.3.Heaskedwhether/ifMarywouldattendtheceremony.4.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.5.Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.6.Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisimportant.7.Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.8.Idon’tknowwhether/ifitisrightornot.Rules1.在由形式主語it引導(dǎo)的主語從句及在vt動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句中，表“是否”，whether/if都可以用；2.在前置主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句和跟在介詞后面的賓語從句中，表“是否”，只能用whether；3.在whether…ornot

和whethertodo

中whether不能換成if、用作連接代詞，用來引導(dǎo)主語從句，賓語從句和表語從句。例如：

Whatyousaidjustnowisveryimportant.你剛才說的很重要。（引導(dǎo)主語從句）

注：

1.“What...is...”是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，常譯為“……的是……”，what通常作主語從句的賓語，有時(shí)也可作主語從句的主語。例如：

WhattroublesmemostisthatIdon'tknowhowtotellherthebadnews.最使我苦惱的是我不知道該怎樣告訴她這個(gè)壞消息才好。

2.“is”后可接一般的表語，也可接表語從句。（如上面的兩個(gè)例句）

Ididn'tunderstandwhatyouhadsaid.我不理解你說的話。（引導(dǎo)賓語從句）

Thequestioniswhatwecantellhim.問題是我們能告訴他什么。（引導(dǎo)表語從句）

此外，what可用在不定式前，和不定式一起在句中作賓語、主語或表語。例如：

Idon'tknowwhattodo.我不知道該做什么好。

Whattodohasnotbeendecidedyet.做什么還未決定。

Thequestioniswhattodo.問題是做什么Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.3.___________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.4.Ithasn'tbeendecided____________weshallattendthemeeting.5.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.6.Thequestionis_________heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion

__________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idon’tknow_______togoortostayathome.

whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if1.Thesuggestion(that)shehasputforwardisverygood.

2.Thesuggestionthatwecleantheclassroombyturnsisverygood.判斷：名詞性從句\定語從句名詞性從句定語從句101.IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Thatis_____Ihadafewdaysoff.--Theprojectwasturndown.---Isthat________welackmoney?3.Tomdidn’tgotoschooltoday.Thereasonwas______hefellill.用that\why\because填空thatwhybecause20用that和what填空Hisfatherissatisfiedwith_____hehasdone.Thereasonwas______Todhadneverseenthemillionpoundbank-note.whatthat101.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,__theycanlearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where2.__mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.Which3.Weshouldn’thavespentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof__arehealthy.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom4.__hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunkowntothegeneralreader.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where5.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity__sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where6.Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmake____itis.A.whatB.thatC.howD.where7.Thevillagehasdevelopedalot___welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where8.Itisnoneofyourbusiness___otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.A.howB.whatC.whichD.when9.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s__thebestjobsare.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why10.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,__wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it11.Thetraditionalviewis__wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that1.Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for2.____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3.Allfinished,wesatdowntoenjoy_____wethoughtthemostdeliciousdinner.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.it歷屆高考題4.MrMikedidn’tunderstand______madehiswifesoupsetthismorning.whatwasitB.whyitwasthisC.howthatwasD.whatitwasthat5.Iwonder_____________.whoofthemshouldIelectB.whoofthemIshouldelectC.whichofthemshouldIelectD.whichofthemIshouldelect

6.Itwasnotuntildark_____hefound_____hethoughtwasthecorrectwaytosolvetheproblem.that;whatB.that;thatC.when;whatD.when;that7.ScientistsbelievenativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberiaand____morethan10,000yearsago.A.thisisAlaskaB.AlaskaisnowC.isnowAlaskaD.whatisnowAlaska8.---Isthisfactory____thefalsewinewasmade?---Yes.Andalsotheone___usedtosellforgedcigarettes.theone;whereB.that;thatC.what;whichD.where;that9.___doyouthink____weshoulddotoimproveourEnglish?A./;whatB.What;thatC.What;/D.How;that10.Theargumentremainedextremelyheated______therearenecessaryconditionsofexistencesuchaswaterontheMars.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.aboutwhich11.You’dbettergivethetaskto____youthinkcansucceedincarryingitoutaheadoftime.A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.anyoneD.whoever12.____turncolorandfalltothegroundisasignofwinter.A.ThatleafB.ThatleavesC.ThoseleafD.Thoseleaves13.Yourshoesare_______.A.wheretheywereB.theplaceyouputC.inthecornerthatyouputD.theretheyare14.Theboydivedintothewaterandafter____seemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.A.thatB.whatC.itD.which15.WhenChristopherColumbusreached_____isnowtheUSA,hecalledthepeopleofthenewworld“Indians”.whichB.whatC.whereD.theplacewhere16.____hewasill,IwasexpectedtotakehisplacegreatlysurprisedmeforIdidn’thavemuchexperience.A.IfB.IfthatC.ThatD.Thatif17.Marywroteanarticleon_____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that18.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept____helphecanget.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever19.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand___itisroughorsmooth.A./B.whetherC.howD.what20.______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires21.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschoolisnolonger_______itwas20yearsago,_____itwassopoorlyequipped.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that22.Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich23.Mumiscoming.Whatpresent______foryourbirthday?youexpectshehasgotB.youexpecthasshegotC.doyouexpectshe’sgotD.doyouexpecthasshegot24.---Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe_____toMiamibuttoNewYork?---Iagree,buttheproblemis____hehasrefusedto.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what25.Doyouhaveanyidea____isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.which26.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether27.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.whyB.whereC.whatD.how28.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where29.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.whereB.whatC.thatD.how30.______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What31.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow____I’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidedtosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how32.Scientistsphotographedforthefirsttimeever___wildgorillasusedasticktotestthedepthofapoolbeforegettingintoit,accordingtoarecentstudy.AwhichBwhatCthatDwhen33.____hasbeenmentionedabove,continuedchairmanafterhetookasipofcoffee,__theprojectmustbecarriedoutbeforespringfloodComes.AAs;thatBThat;whichCThis;whichDIt;that34.—Wouldyoupleaseexplaintomethedifferencebetweenthetwowords?---I’msorry,butthat’s___I’mpuzzledabout.AwhyBwhichCwhatDwhere35.AbigearthquakestrucksouthernHaiti,knockingdownbuildingandpowerlinesAndcausing___itsambassadortotheUnitedStatescalledacatastrophe.AwhatBwhichCthatDwhy35Thoughhavingdiscusseditforlong,theystillhaven’treachedanagreement___theyshouldpourmoremoneyintotheproject.AthatBifCwhetherDwhat36.—Heiseagertotrysomethinghehasnevertriedbefore.---Oh,Isee.That’s___he’sdifferentfromothers.AwhenBwhereChowDwhat37.Onlyinthelastfewyearshavescientistsandteachersbeguntounderstandlearningdisabilitiesand_____.AhowcantheybedealtwithBwhattheycanbedealtwithChowtheycanbedealtwithDwhatcantheybedealtwith38.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlesson.Awhat,whyBThat,whatCWhat;becauseDWhy,that39.Nowmyhometownisnotatall___atravelerwhovisitedittenyearsagocanexpect.AthatBwhatCwhichDwhere40.Withyourhelp,thereisnodoubt___ourplanismeantforwillworkoutsuccessfully.AthatwhatBwhetherthatCwhatthatDthatwhether41.Californiapolicediscoveredfivepeoplediedin___theysayappearedtobeamurder.AthatBwhatCwhereDwhich42.WhenItrytounderstand___thatpreventsSomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwocauses.AwhyitdoesBwhatitdoesCwhatitisDwhyitis43.Wehavebeeninformedthathehaddone_______visitswereessentialbyeleveno’clocklastnight.AallBwhatCthatDallthat1.Itremainstobeseen___thenewlyformedCommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.AthatBwhichCwhatDwhether2._____oneofyoubreaksthewindowwillHavetopayforit.AWhoeverBWhateverCWhicheverDWherever3._____makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.AThatBWhatCWhoDWhich4.Policehavefound____appearstobethelostancientstatue.AwhichBwhereChowDwhat5.It’sgoodtoknow____thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.AwhatBwhoseCwhichDthat6.Weshouldrespectfoodanddrinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thave___wehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.AthatBwhichCwhatDwhether7.Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell___closeyoumaybetovictory.AhowBthatCwhichDwhere8.Expertsbelieve___peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.AwhyBwhereCthatD