2024年新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)Lesson~原文及翻譯

2024年新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)Lesson~譯1997我就和大家共享新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)Lesson15~19SecrecyinindustryFirstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingWhyissecrecyparticularlyimportantinthechemicalindustries?Twofactorsweighheavilyagainsttheeffectivenessofscientificresearchinindustry.Oneisthegeneralatmosphereofsecrecyinwhichitiscarriedout,theotherthelackoffreedomoftheindividualresearchworker.Insofarasanyinquiryisasecretone,itnaturallylimitsallthoseengagedincarryingitoutfromeffectivecontactwithfellowscientistseitherinothercountriesorinuniversities,oreven,oftenenough,inotherdepartmentsofthesamefirm.Thedegreeofsecrecyfundamentalnaturethatitisapositiveadvantagetosecrecyuntilthestageatwhichpatentscanbetakenout.Evenmoreprocessesareneverpatentedatallbutchemicalindustries,wherechancediscoveriesplayaindustries.Sometimesthesecrecygoestosuchanextentthatthewholenatureoftheresearchcannotbementioned.Manyfirms,forinstance,havegreatdifficultyinobtainingtechnicalorscientificbooksenteredashavingtakenoutsuchandsuchabook,forfeartheagentsofotherfirmsshouldbeabletotracethekindofresearchtheyarelikelytobeJ.D.BERNALTheSocialFunctionofNewwordsandexpressionsn.n.n.adj.n.n.v.n.他們生怕別的公司的情報(bào)人員據(jù)此摸到他們可能要從事的ThemoderncityWhatistheauthor'smainargumentaboutthemoderncity?Intheorganizationofindustriallifetheinfluenceofthefactoryuponthephysiologicalandmentalstateoftheworkershasbeencompletelyneglected.Modernindustryisbasedontheconceptionanindividualoragroupofindividualsmayearnasmoneyaspossible.Ithasexpandedwithoutanyideaofthetruenatureofthehumanbeingswhorunthemachines,andwithoutgivinganyconsiderationtotheeffectsproducedontheindividualsandontheirbythefactory.Thegreatcitieshavebeenbuiltwithnoregardforus.Theshapeanddimensionsoftheskyscrapersdependentirelyonthenecessityofandofofferingtothetenantsofficesandapartmentsthatpleasethem.Thiscausedtheconstructionofgiganticbuildingswheretoolargemassesofhumanbeingsarecrowdedtogether.Civilizedmenlikesuchconsistsofmonstrousedificesandofdark,narrowstreetsfullofpetrolfumesandtoxicgases,tornbythenoiseofthetaxicabs,lorriesandbuses,andnotbeenplannedforthegoodofitsinhabitants.ALEXISCARRELMan,theNewwordsandexpressionsadj.生理的adj.n.n.n.v.n.n.n.租戶adj.adj.n.v.剝奪adj.n.adj.adv.v.大得嚇人的高樓和陰暗狹窄的街道組成了今日現(xiàn)代化的城Aman-madediseaseWhatfactorhelpedtospreadthediseaseofIntheearlydaysofthesettlementofAustralia,rabbit.Thisrabbithadnonaturalenemiesintheabandoncharacteristicofrabbits.Itoverranawholecontinent.Itcauseddevastationbyburrowingandbydevouringtheherbagewhichmighthavemaintainedmillionsofsheepandcattle.Scientistsnootheranimal)wassusceptibletoafatalvirusthemlooseintheburrows,localepidemicsofthiswasatypeofmosquitowhichactedasthecarrierofthisdiseaseandpasseditontotherabbits.Sowhiletherestoftheworldwastryingtogetridofmosquitoes,Australiawasencouragingthisone.Iteffectivelyspreadthediseasealloverthecontinentbecameapparentthatrabbitsweredevelopingadegreeofresistancetothisdisease,sothattherabbitTherewerehopes,however,thattheproblemoftherabbitwouldbecomemanageable.Ironically,Europe,whichhadbequeathedtherabbitasapesttoAustralia,acquiredthisman-madegetridofthewildrabbitsonhisownestateandintroducedmyxomatosis.Itdidnot,however,remainwithintheconfinesofhisestate.ItspreadFrance,Wherewildrabbitsarenotgenerallyregardedasapestbutassportandausefulfoodsupply,anditspreadtoBritainwherewildrabbitsareregardedasapestbutwheredomesticatedrabbits,equallysusceptibletothedisease,arethebasisofaprofitablefurindustry.ThequestionbecameoneofwhetherMancouldcontrolthediseasehehadRITCHIECALDERScienceMakesSenseNewwordsandexpressionsn.新拓居地adj.n.n.adj.n.v.n.v.挖、掘adj.n.n.v.n.n.n.v.adv.v.n.n.n.v.馴養(yǎng)WhatwouldyousayisthemaincharacteristicofTherehaslongbeenasuperstitionamongmarinersthatporpoiseswillsavedrowningmenbypushingthemtothesurface,orprotectthemfromsharksbiologistshavepointedoutthat,howeverintelligentwithanymotiveoflifesaving.Ontheoccasionswhentheyhavepushedtoshoreanunconscioushumanbeingtheyhavemuchmorelikelydoneitoutofcuriosityorsomeporpoiseswerephotographerworkinglikebeaverstopushashoreawaterloggedmattress.If,ashasbeenreported,theyhaveprotectedhumansfromsharks,itmayhavebeenbecausecuriosityattractedthemandbecausethescentofapossiblemealattractedthesharks.Porpoisesandsharksarenaturalenemies.Itwiththesharksbeingdrivenawayorkilled.Whetheritbebird,fishorbeast,theporpoiseisintriguedwithanythingthatisalive.Theyareallsortsofindignities.OneyoungcalfespeciallyenjoyedraisingaturtletothesurfacewithhissnoutAlmostanydayayoungporpoisemaybeseentryingturna300-poundseaturtleoverbystickinghissnouttogether.Inanothergame,astheturtleswimsacrosstheoceanarium,thefirstporpoiseswoopsdownfromaboveandbuttshisshellwithhisbelly.Thisknockshimanothercrack.Eventuallytheturtlehasbeenbuttedallthewaydowntothefloorofthetank.Heashedoessoaporpoiseknockshimflat.Theturtleatlastgivesupbypullinghisfeetunderhisshellandthegameisover.RALPHNADINGHILLWindowintheSeaNewwordsandexpressionsn.n.n.n.n.adj.n.海貍adv.adj.n.v.v.n.n.v.n.n.v.n.n.v.n.重?fù)?004Lesson19ThestuffofWhatisgoingonwhenapersonexperienceseye-movementsduringItisfairlyclearthatsleepingperiodmusthavesomefunction,andbecausethereissomuchofittheisnaturehavebeengoingonforliterallythousandsofyears,andoneoddfindingthatmakestheproblempuzzlingisthatitlooksverymuchasifsleepingisnotsimplyamatterofgivingthebodyarest.'Rest',intermsofmusclerelaxationandsoon,canbeachievedbyabriefperiodlying,orevensittingdown.Thebody'stissuesareself-repairingandself-restoringtoadegree,andfunctionbestwhenmoreorlesscontinuouslyactive.InfactabasicamountofmovementoccursduringsleepIfitisnotaquestionofrestingthebody,thenperhapsitisthebrainthatneedsresting?Thismightbeaplausiblehypothesiswereitnotfortwofactors.Firsttheelectroencephalograph(whichissimplyadeviceforrecordingtheelectricalactivityofthebrainbyattachingelectrodestothescalp)showswhilethereisachangeinthepatternofactivityofactivityisanyless.Thesecondfactorismoreinterestingandmorefundamental.SomeyearsagoanAmericanpsychiatristnamedWilliamDementpublishedexperime