01Unit4知識(shí)清單(含必備知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)圖即時(shí)訓(xùn)練單元詞匯記憶表)-高一英語學(xué)與練(譯林版2020)

Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld(譯林版2020必修第三冊)I.必備知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)圖II.必備單詞默寫清單1.________n.共和國；共和政體2.________adj.致命的；非常的；十足的；徹底的3.________n.省，省份4.________n.實(shí)驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)；嘗試vi.嘗試；做試驗(yàn)；進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)5.________n.試驗(yàn)；審訊；考驗(yàn)vi.&vt.試驗(yàn)，測試6.________adj.家庭的，家用的；家喻戶曉的n.一家人，家庭7.________vt.延期；延遲8.________adj.足夠的；充足的9.________vt.闡明，舉例說明；加插圖于10.________n.金屬11.________n.數(shù)據(jù)，資料，材料12.________n.事故；意外；意外事件，偶然的事13.________n.政治家，政客；投機(jī)鉆營者14.________n.電；電能15.________adj.杰出的；出色的n.突出的人(或物)16.________n.學(xué)說，論；原理；看法，意見17.________n.信用；學(xué)分；信任；認(rèn)可vt.存入金額；把……歸于18.________adj.道德的n.品行19.________vt.否定；取消，使無效20.________n.權(quán)威；權(quán)力；當(dāng)局21.________vt.&vi.充電；收費(fèi)；控告；譴責(zé)；使……承擔(dān)責(zé)任；使充滿n.收費(fèi)；控告；譴責(zé)；掌管22.________vt.出版；發(fā)表；公布23.________adj.電的，發(fā)電的，電動(dòng)的【答案】1.republic2.deadly3.province4.experiment5.trial6.household7.postpone8.sufficient9.illustrate10.metal11.data12.accident13.politician14.electricity15.standout16.theory17.credit18.moral19.negate20.authority21.charge22.publish23.electric根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子(單詞拼寫)。1.The________(共和國)isameltingpotofdifferentnationalities.2.Hewas________(指控)withdrivingwithoutduecareandattention.3.Theastronautsareconductingaseriesof________(實(shí)驗(yàn))tolearnmoreabouthowthebodyadaptstoweightlessness.4.You’reanicegirl,Lettie,andyourkindheartdoesyou________(稱贊).5.Shefeltthatsheshouldcontributetothe________(家庭的)finances.6.Itwasanunpopulardecisionto________(推遲)buildingthenewhospital.7.Itisnoteasytodrawaconclusionwithout________(足夠的)evidence.8.Heoverlookedaspelling________(錯(cuò)誤)onthefirstpageofhisessaythoughhehadcheckeditseveraltimes.9.Letmegiveanotherexampleto________(闡明)thisdifficultpoint.10.Hislawyerswereconfidentthatthejudgeswould________(宣布)MrStevenstobeinnocent.【答案】1.republic2.charged3.experiments4.credit5.household6.postpone7.sufficient8.error9.illustrate10.declareIII.核心單詞拓展拔高1.________vt.幸存；生還；幸免于→________n.幸存，殘存物；生存→________n.幸存者；生還者；殘存物2.________adj.寬的，遼闊的→________vi.擴(kuò)大，變闊；變寬vt.使擴(kuò)大；使變寬3.________vi.參考；涉及；提到；查閱→________n.參考，參照；涉及，提及4.________n.利益，好處vt.有益于→________adj.有益的，有用的5.________adj.智能的；聰明的→________n.智力；理解力；才智，智慧6.________n.偏愛；贊同，幫助vt.贊成；較喜歡；有助于→________adj.有利的；良好的；贊成的7.________vt.包含；牽涉；使陷于；潛心于→________n.參與；牽連；包含8.________vt.&vi.申請(qǐng)；涂，敷；應(yīng)用→________n.應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用程序；敷9.________vt.駁回訴訟；忽視；不理睬→________adj.無知的；愚昧的→________n.無知，愚昧；不知10.________vi.&vt.許可；允許n.許可證，執(zhí)照→________n.允許，許可11.________adj.負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的→________n.責(zé)任，職責(zé)；義務(wù)12.________vt.&vi.想要，計(jì)劃；意指→________adj.預(yù)期的，計(jì)劃的，打算的→________n.打算，計(jì)劃，目的13.________vt.&n.限制，限定；界限，限度

→________adj.有限的→________n.限制，局限14.________vt.包含；容納；克制→________n.容器；集裝箱，貨柜15.________adj.明智的，英明的，充滿智慧的→________n.智慧，知識(shí)，學(xué)問；才智；明智→________adv.明智地，英明地16.________vt.&vi.組織，實(shí)施；指揮；引導(dǎo)；舉止→________n.指揮；售票員；導(dǎo)體17.________vt.圍繞，環(huán)繞；包圍；與……緊密相關(guān)→________adj.周圍的→________n.周圍的事物；環(huán)境18.________adj.自由的；免費(fèi)的→________n.自由→________adv.自由地；暢通地19.________vt.表明，宣稱；公布，宣布；申報(bào)→________n.表明，宣稱；公布，宣布20.________n.國家；民族→________adj.國家的；民族的→________n.國籍；民族21.________vi.&vt.結(jié)婚；嫁；娶；把……嫁給→________n.結(jié)婚，婚姻；已婚狀態(tài)【答案】1.survive;survival;survivor2.broad;broaden3.refer;reference4.benefit;beneficial5.intelligent;intelligence6.favour;favourable7.involve;involvement8.apply;application9.ignore;ignorant;ignorance10.permit;permission11.responsible;responsibility12.intend;intended;intention13.limit;limited;limitation14.contain;container15.wise;wisdom;wisely16.conduct;conductor17.surround;surrounding;surroundings18.free;freedom;freely19.declare;declaration20.nation;national;nationality21.marry;marriage用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子(詞匯派生)1.Thesedays,afterthe________ofherparents,shebeesoneofthosepeoplewhoareinneedof________help.(die)2.Itisnecessarywemastersomebasicskills,whichwillgreatlyincreaseourchancesof________.Luckily,I________theterriblecarcrashlastweekandIwastheonly________oftheaccident.(survive)3.Therichmanwentabroadwiththe________oftryinghisfortune,whilethepoorman________tolearnsomeskillsofearningmoney.(intend)4.Aman'slifeis________,butthereisno________toservingthepeople.Iwilldevotemylimitedlifetothe________jobofservingthepeople.(limit)5.Thisnewrailway________thisareainmanyways.Itis________tothepeoplelivinginthisarea.Forthe________ofmorepeople,weshouldbuildmorerailways.(benefit)6.Ialwaysdreamofhavingahouse________bytreesandflowers.Ifwecanliveinsuchbeautiful________,wemusthaveahappyfeelingeveryday.The________thingsalwayshaveaneffectonourmood.(surround)7.Tobea________person,weshouldlearntotake________forwhatwedid.(responsible)8.Withoutmymother's________,Iwillnotbe________todrivethecarbymyselfevenifIhavegotthedriving________.(permit)9.Heisanexperienced,helpfuland________man.SoIfeelwehavebenefitedagreatdealfromhisexperienceand________.(wise)

10.All________whohave________forthejobmusthandinthe________formsbeforenextMonday.(apply)11.Howmuchliquiddoyouthinkthis________________?(contain)12.Youcangetalotoutofbeing________involunteerwork,butifyourgoal________otherpeople,pleaseputyourselfintheirposition.(involve)13.Rememberyouare________tosaynobutyoudonothavethe________tojustwhatyoulike.(free)【答案】1.death;deadly2.survival;survived;survivor3.intention;intended4.limited;limit;limitless5.benefits;beneficial;benefit6.surrounded;surroundings;surrounding7.responsible;responsibility8.permission;permitted;permit9.wise;wisdom10.applicants;applied;application11.container;contains12.involved;involves13.free;freedomIV.重點(diǎn)短語默寫清單1.________________參考；查閱；涉及；指的是

2.________________(使)加速

3.________________成功；奏效；達(dá)到目的

4.________________反復(fù)試驗(yàn)

5.________________偶然；意外地

6.________________很成功；引人注意；有強(qiáng)烈影響

7.________________使某人失望

8.________________至于；關(guān)于

9.________________想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為；認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然

10.________________提出；提議；建議

【答案】1.referto2.speedup3.payoff4.throughtrialanderror5.byaccident6.withabang7.letsb.down8.asto9.takeitforgranted

10.putforward用方框內(nèi)所給短語完成句子。refertopayoffbyaccidentinfavorofastoletdownwithabigbangputforwardspeedupthroughtrialanderror1.Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout________hisnotes.

2.Ifeverythingabouthimis________,ishegoingtoagefaster?

3.Hisefforts________whenthegirlfinallyacceptedhisproposal.

4.Ifoundthekeytothedoor________whenIwascleaningtheroom.

5.Don’t________thatothersshouldhelpyou.6.Heisveryuncertain________whetherit’stherightjobforhim.

7.Jack________somegreatideasatthemeeting,butnoneofthemwereaccepted.

8.Parentshavealsolearnedwhatworksandwhatdoesn’t________.9.Andso,fromnothing,ouruniversebegins

________.10.You________whenyoudidn’twintheprize.

【答案】1.referringto2.spedup3.paidoff4.byaccident5.takeitforgranted6.asto7.putforward8.throughtrialanderror9.with

a

big“bang”10.letmedownV.課文重點(diǎn)句型應(yīng)用1.序數(shù)詞后不定式作定語TuYouyouhasbee________________________,awardedforhercontributiontothefightagainstmalaria,oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory.

屠呦呦成為中華人民共和國首位獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的女科學(xué)家，她獲獎(jiǎng)是因?yàn)樗诳箵羧祟悮v史上最致命的疾病之一瘧疾方面做出的貢獻(xiàn)。2.betodoTu’seducation________________________.屠呦呦接受的教育很快被證明非常有用。3.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語ShepletedfurthertrainingcoursesintraditionalChinesemedicine,________________________bothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine.譯文:她完成了中醫(yī)領(lǐng)域的培訓(xùn)課程深造，獲得了廣泛的中西醫(yī)知識(shí)。4.過去分詞短語作狀語________________________anover1,600yearoldtextaboutpreparingqinghaoextractwithcoldwater,Turedesignedtheexperimentsandtriedextractingtheherbatalowtemperatureinordernottodamageitseffectivepart.據(jù)一本1600多年前的古籍記載，古人通過冷水制備青蒿提取物，受此啟發(fā)，屠呦呦重新設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)驗(yàn)，為了不破壞其有效成分，她嘗試在低溫下提取這種草藥。

5.不定式作狀語________________________andensureitssafety,Tuandherteamvolunteeredtotestqinghaoextractonthemselvesfirst.為了加快進(jìn)度并保證其安全性，屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)自愿先在他們自己身上試驗(yàn)青蒿提取物。6.Itis/was+adj.+todoHowever,________________________enoughqinghaoextractforlargetrialsbecauseresearchresourceswerelimited.

然而，由于研究資源有限，很難制造出足夠的青蒿提取物用于大規(guī)模試驗(yàn)。7.find+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語Thestorygoeslikethis:Franklin________________________foryears,believingitwasactuallyelectricity.故事是這樣的:多年來，富蘭克林發(fā)現(xiàn)閃電很有趣，他認(rèn)為它實(shí)際上是電。

8.beof+名詞Thefirstwayinwhichscience________________________isfamiliartoeveryone:scientificknowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.

科學(xué)體現(xiàn)價(jià)值的第一種方式對(duì)每個(gè)人而言都耳熟能詳:科學(xué)知識(shí)讓我們能做各種各樣的事，造不同種類的東西。9.it充當(dāng)形式賓語Now,wescientists________________________itisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.

如今，我們科學(xué)家理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為，(人類)生而有所不知是完全有可能的。10.Notonly…butalso…Ofcourse,ifwemakegoodthings,itis________tothecreditofscience;itis________tothecreditofthemoralchoicewhichledustogoodwork.當(dāng)然,，如果我們做了好事，不僅歸功于科學(xué)，還歸功于引導(dǎo)我們行善的道德選擇。【答案】1.thefirstfemalescientistofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrize2.wassoontoproveveryuseful3.acquiringabroadknowledgeof4.Inspiredby5.Tospeeduptheprocess6.itwashardtoproduce7.hadfoundlightninginteresting8.isofvalue9.takeitforgrantedthat10.notonly;also完成句子1.他是第一個(gè)想到這個(gè)主意的人。(序數(shù)詞+不定式)________________________________________________.2.把這篇文章翻譯成英語很困難。(Itis+adj.+todo)________________________________________________.3.利奧匆匆趕到那里，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他們都出去了。(find+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語)________________________________________________.4.總體來看，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目將對(duì)該地區(qū)大有好處。(beof+名詞)________________________________________________.5.周末我們不上學(xué)，我認(rèn)為這是理所當(dāng)然的。(take...forgranted)________________________________________________.【答案】1.Heis/wasthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.

2.ItisverydifficulttotranslatethispassageintoEnglish.

3.Leohurriedthere,onlytofindthemout.

4.Asawhole,theprojectwillbeofgreatbenefittotheregion.

5.Itakeitforgrantedthatwedon’tgotoschoolonweekends.

VI.課文改編語法填空1.ReadingTuYouyouwasborninNingbo,ZhejiangProvincein1930.ShestudiedmedicineatuniversityinBeijingbetween1951and1955.After1.________(graduate),sheworkedattheAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.In1969shebecameheadofateamthatintended2.________(find)acureformalaria.Shecollectedover2,000traditionalChinesemedicalrecipes3.________madehundredsofextractsfromdifferentherbs.Shealsoreferred4.________theancientbooksoftraditionalChinesemedicine.On4October1971,after1905.________(fail),shesucceededinmakingqinghaoextract6.________couldtreatmalariainmice.Toensurethesafetyofqinghaoextract,sheandherteamvolunteeredtotestqinghaoextracton7.________(they)first.InNovember1972,throughtrialanderror,they8.________(successful)discoveredqinghaosuwhich9.________(benefit)about200millionmalariapatientssinceitsdiscovery.OnOctober5,2015,she10.________(award)aNobelPrizeforhergreatcontribution.

2.ExtendedreadingDuringthewarIworkedontheatomicbomb.Thisresultofsciencewas1.________(obvious)averyseriousmatter:Itrepresentedthedestructionofpeople.Iaskedmyself,“Whatisthevalueofscience?Istheresomeevil2.________(involve)inscience?”Thefirstvalueofscienceisthatscientificknowledgeenablesus3.________(do)allkindsofthingsandtomakeallkindsofthings.Orrather,scientificknowledgeisanenablingpowertodoeithergood4.________bad—butitdoesnotcarryinstructionson5.________touseit.

Anothervalueofscienceistheintellectualenjoymentitcanprovideus6._______.Thankstothe7.________(science)effort,wehavebeenledtoimagineallsortsofthings8.________(fantastic)thanpoetsanddreamersofthepastevercould.

Thethirdvalueofscience9.________(lie)inthefactthatitcanleadscientiststodoubtandstruggleagainstauthority.It’sscientists’10.________(responsible)toteachpeopletohavethefreedomofthoughtanddoubt.【答案】1.Reading1.graduation2.tofind3.and4.to5.failures6.that7.themselves8.successfully9.hasbenefited10.wasawarded2.Extendedreading1.obviously2.involved3.todo4.or5.how6.with7.scientific8.morefantastic9.lies10.responsibility附:單元詞匯記憶表republicn.共和國，共和政體 *malarian.瘧疾 deadlyadj.致命的；十足的，徹底的 survivaln.生存，存活；殘存物，幸存事物 provincen.省，省份 broadadj.廣泛的；寬闊的，廣闊的；概括的；開闊的 intendvt.&vi.想要，計(jì)劃；意指 *extractn.提取物；選錄vt.提?。贿x錄；取出；設(shè)法得到 herbn.藥草，香草；草本 referto查閱，參考；提到，談及 experimentn.實(shí)驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)；嘗試，實(shí)踐vi.做試驗(yàn)，進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)；嘗試 trialn.試用，試驗(yàn)；審訊，審判；考驗(yàn)vi.&vt.測試，試驗(yàn) limitedadj.有限的 householdadj.家庭的，家用的，家務(wù)的n.一家人，家庭 containern.容器；集裝箱，貨柜 postponevt.延遲，延期sufficientadj.足夠的，充足