浙江省寧波市三鋒聯(lián)盟2022-2023學年高二上學期11月期中英語試題

2022學年第一學期寧波三鋒教研聯(lián)盟期中聯(lián)考高二年級英語學科試題考生須知：1.本卷共10頁滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、姓名、考場號、座位號及準考證號并填涂相應數字。3.所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷上無效。4.考試結束后，只需上交答題紙。選擇題部分第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題紙上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthespeakersdofirstafterwork?A.Gohome.B.Eatdowntown.C.Gototheconcert.2.Whendoesthewomanleavehomeeveryday?A.At6:30am.B.At6:45am.C.At7:00am.3.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?AInabedroom.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inamuseum.4.WhydoesthewomanrememberJamessowell?A.Hehadafunnyface.B.Hewaslateforschoolonthefirstday.C.Hewasthefirstpersonshemetatschool.5.Whatdidthewomanthinkofthemovie?A.Itwashardtounderstand.B.Itdidn’tarouseherinterest.C.Itseemedtobequitepopular.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Bossandemployee.C.Doctorandpatient.7.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Restforsometime.B.Gohomerightnow.C.Returntoworksoon.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inacafe.B.Inalibrary.C.Inaclassroom.9.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthesummerschool?A.Thesizeoftheclass.B.Themathbook.C.Theteachers.10.Whereisthemanplanningtogo?A.ToBoston.B.ToNewYork.C.ToWashingtonD.C.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthelivingexpensesinthecity?A.Fairlylow.B.JustokayC.Veryhigh.12.Whatdoesthewomanspendmoston?A.Clothes.B.Trains.C.Food.13.Whatwillthewomanprobablydoonweekends?A.Gotoclubs.B.Watchmoviesathome.C.Haveadrinkwithfriends.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whenwillthemantaketheflight?A.OnMonday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnFriday.15.Whatistheman?A.Astudent.B.Apilot.C.Abusinessman.16.Howmuchdoesthemanpayintotal?A.300pounds.B.253.5pounds.C.240pounds.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WheredoesMiddendorfgetgroceries?A.Awebsite.B.Hismunity.C.Adistributionsite.18Whoarethemajorityoffoodreceivers?A.Anyoneinneed.B.Oldpeopleover65.C.Peoplewithoutjobs.19.Whatdoweknowabouttheorganization?A.Itisanonlinewebsite.B.Itwassetupin2019.C.Ithas50,000volunteers.20.Whatisthepointofthefooddeliveries?A.Bringingpeoplehope.B.Gettingpeopletogether.C.Offeringjobstopeople.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項AInventionsbornoutofloveGarbageDisposersJohnW.Hammes,anarchitectfromWisconsin,createdtheInSinkEratorin1935.Hammesgottheideaafterwatchinghiswifespendtimewrappingfoodinnewspaperandthrowingitout.TheInSinkEratorisadevice,installedunderakitchensinkbetweenthesink’sdrainandthetrap.Thedisposalunittearsfoodwasteintopiecessmallenoughgenerallylessthan2mmindiameter—topassthroughtheplumbing.SurgicalGlovesWilliamStewartHalsted,M.D.(18521922)wasawellknownUSsurgeonwhoisoftencalledthe“FatherofModernSurgery”.Knownforhisstrictadherencetosterile(無菌的)workingconditions.Halstedinventedrubberglovesthatallowedhiscolleaguestolessenthetransferofgermsduringtheirwork.Yettheinitialreasonwhyhecreatedthemismoreromanticthanyouwouldthink.KnowingCaroline,anurse,sufferedfromaskindiseaseduringherwork,Halstedinventedtheglovesespeciallyforherandgavethemtoherasagiftaftertheirmarriage.BandAidsWhenJosephineKnightDicksonfromNewJerseykeptcuttingherselfwhilecookingforherfamilyinthe1920s,herhusband,EarleDickson,steppedin.Dickson,acottonbuyerforJohnson&Johnson,accordingtothepany’swebsite,decidedtoinventatemporaryadhesivebandageforhiswife.HiscreationbecametheBandAidweallknowandusetoday.Magnetic(磁性的)ShirtButtonsMauraHorton’shusband,Don,wasafootballcoachwhohadParkinson’sdisease.Oneday,afterDonstruggledtobuttonhisshirtbeforeagame,Hortondecidedthereneededtobeabetterclothingoptionforpeoplesufferingfromadisability.So,Hortondesignedashirtwithmagneticbuttonsin2012.Thesebuttonswillfinallyalloweveryonetodressandundressthemselvesefficiently.1.What’sthefunctionoftheInSinkErator?A.Itcanclearsinkpipes. B.Itcanrecyclekitchenwaste.C.Itcanextendtheservicelifeofkitchensinks. D.Itcanremovefoodwasteeasily.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutWilliam’ssurgicalgloves?A.TheymadeWilliamknownworldwide.B.Theyassistedinthetreatmentofskindiseases.C.TheywereinventedwiththeaidofWilliam’scolleagues.D.TheywereoriginallyintendedforWilliam’swife.3.Whichofthefollowingisthelatestinvention?A.Magneticshirtbuttons. B.Surgicalgloves.C.TheInSinkErator. D.BandAids.【答案】1.D2.D3.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四種發(fā)明，這四種發(fā)明都是源于發(fā)明人對伴侶的愛?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段“Thedisposalunittearsfoodwasteintopiecessmallenoughgenerallylessthan2mmindiameter—topassthroughtheplumbing.(該處理裝置將食物垃圾撕成足夠小的碎片，通常直徑小于2毫米，以便通過管道。)”可知，InSinkErator用來將食物垃圾撕成足夠小的碎片，以便更輕松地清除食物垃圾。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“KnowingCaroline,anurse,sufferedfromaskindiseaseduringherwork,Halstedinventedtheglovesespeciallyforherandgavethemtoherasagiftaftertheirmarriage.(得知護士Caroline在工作中患有皮膚病后，Halsted特意為她發(fā)明了這副手套，并在婚后送給她作為禮物。)”可知，手術手套最初是Halsted特意為他的妻子發(fā)明的。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據這四種發(fā)明的發(fā)明時間：根據最后一段“So,Hortondesignedashirtwithmagneticbuttonsin2012.(因此，Horton在2012年設計了一款帶有磁性紐扣的襯衫。)”可知，選項A“Magneticshirtbuttons.(磁性襯衫紐扣)”的發(fā)明時間為2012年；根據第二段“WilliamStewartHalsted,M.D.(18521922)wasawellknownUSsurgeonwhoisoftencalledthe“FatherofModernSurgery”.(WilliamStewartHalsted醫(yī)學博士(18521922)是美國著名的外科醫(yī)生，常被稱為“現代外科之父”。)”可推斷，選項B“SurgicalGloves(手術手套)”的發(fā)明時間為1852到1922之間；根據第一段“JohnW.Hammes,anarchitectfromWisconsin,createdtheInSinkEratorin1935.(來自威斯康星州的建筑師JohnW.Hammes于1935年設計了InSinkErator。)”可知，選項C“TheInSinkErator.”發(fā)明于1935年；根據文章第三段“WhenJosephineKnightDicksonfromNewJerseykeptcuttingherselfwhilecookingforherfamilyinthe1920s,herhusband,EarleDickson,steppedin.(20世紀20年代，新澤西州的JosephineKnightDickson在為家人做飯時不斷割傷自己，她的丈夫EarleDickson介入了。)”可知，選項D“BandAids.”發(fā)明于20世紀20年代。由此判斷，四種發(fā)明中，最近的是選項A。故選A。BAsTigerKing2appealstoviewers,somefansfeelsadabouthavingtopaymuchforanotherstreamingservicesubscription.Andtheytakepityontheoncehotvideotechnologywhichisnowmorelikelytobeatemporarycoaster(杯墊)foryourcoffee:DVDswereoncethefuture,butnowtheindustrycanhardlybeturnedaround.DVDsalesoncereached$16.3billionandwere64%oftheU.S.homevideomarket.Thatwas2005.However,thisyearjust300millionDVDsareexpectedtobesoldworldwide,downfromanaverageof2billioneveryyearbetween2005and2009.Instead,ariseincustomersbuyingondemandanddigitalcopiesoffilmsandthelaunchofstreamingservicesarewhathavereducedtheDVDindustrytosuchastate.Buttherearestill300millionofthethings,evenifyourcollectionisgatheringdustonthebookshelf.Whilepoppsychologywouldsuggestthatoldergenerationsholdontotheirloveofthephysicaldisc,instead,thoseaged25to39aremorelikelythanmosttowatchDVDs.They’reoftencollectors.“DVDsareasignofouridentityandourpersonality,”saysTonyGunnarsson,ananalystofTV,video,andadvertising.That’swhyEnglandbasedradioproducerTomGreenstillstoresaround300DVDs,includingthewholeseasonsofTheSimpsons.Theyrepresentapartofmylife,andapartofme,”Greensays.OtherscontinuetokeepDVDsbecauseoftheexcellentaudio(聲音的)quality.ForDVDs,toundergoarenaissance(復興)similartothatexperiencedbycassettetapeswillrequireabigshift.“WeneedtowaitforthegenerationthathaveafascinationwithDVDstocontrolthemainstreamculture,butitseemstobenowhereinsight,”saysTomGreen.“AndthepublicseeDVDsasnothingbutoutdatedmedia.”Evenso,thereisasolidgroupofDVDconsumers.Andthat’sperhapswhyproducerskeepmakingDVDsandwhymittedcollectorscollecttheirdiscs.4.WhatdoestheauthorintendtostressinParagraph1?A.ThefallofDVDs.B.ApossiblewayofreusingDVDs.C.Arecenttrendinthefilmindustry.D.Thebigexpensesofvideostreamingservices.5.WhathappenedtotheDVDmarketin2005?A.Itcelebratedashiftindigitalcopiesoffilms.B.ItsufferedfromanoversupplyofDVDs.C.Itentered64%oftheU.S.households.D.Itssalesreachedthepeak.6.WhatcanwesayaboutTonyGunnarssonandTomGreen?A.TheybothappreciatethecharmofDVDs.B.TheyarebothprofessionalDVDadvertisers.C.Theyarebothpassionateaboutcollectingthings.D.Theybothpraisetheaudioqualityofstreamingservices.7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDVDsfromthelastparagraph?A.Theymaycontrolthemainstreamculture.B.Theycangreatlybenefitmanycollectors.C.Theyareasimportantascassettetapes.D.Theyarehardtomakeaeback.【答案】4.A5.D6.A7.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了DVD的銷量從過去的輝煌到如今的慘淡局面，DVD已然成為了過去，現在這個行業(yè)很難逆轉，但是即便如此，還是有一個穩(wěn)定的DVD消費者群體。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Andtheytakepityontheoncehotvideotechnologywhichisnowmorelikelytobeatemporarycoaster(杯墊)foryourcoffee:DVDswereoncethefuture,butnowtheindustrycanhardlybeturnedaround.”（。他們還對曾經炙手可熱的視頻技術表示同情，因為它現在更有可能成為你咖啡的臨時杯墊：DVDs曾經是未來，但現在這個行業(yè)很難逆轉。）可推知，作者想在第一段想強調DVDs的衰落。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“DVDsalesoncereached$16.3billionandwere64%oftheU.S.homevideomarket.Thatwas2005.”（DVD的銷售額一度達到163億美元，占美國家庭視頻市場的64%。那是2005年。）可知，2005年的DVD市場它的銷量達到了頂峰。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段““DVDsareasignofouridentityandourpersonality,”saysTonyGunnarsson,ananalystofTV,video,andadvertising.That’swhyEnglandbasedradioproducerTomGreenstillstoresaround300DVDs,includingthewholeseasonsofTheSimpsons.Theyrepresentapartofmylife,andapartofme,”Greensays.OtherscontinuetokeepDVDsbecauseoftheexcellentaudio(聲音的)quality.”（電視、視頻和廣告分析師托尼?岡納森表示：“DVDs是我們身份和個性的標志?！边@就是為什么英國電臺制作人湯姆·格林仍然保存著大約300張DVDs，包括《辛普森一家》的整個季節(jié)。它們代表了我生命的一部分，也是我的一部分，”格林說。其他人繼續(xù)保留DVDs，因為它的音頻質量很好。）可推知，托尼·甘納森和湯姆·格林他們都欣賞DVDs的魅力。故選A項。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中““WeneedtowaitforthegenerationthathaveafascinationwithDVDstocontrolthemainstreamculture,butitseemstobenowhereinsight,”saysTomGreen.“AndthepublicseeDVDsasnothingbutoutdatedmedia.””（湯姆·格林說：“我們需要等待對DVDs著迷的那一代人來控制主流文化，但這似乎遙遙無期。”“而公眾認為DVDs只不過是過時的媒體?！保┛赏浦?，DVDs的銷量很難東山再起。故選D項。CPsychologiststellusthattherearefourbasicstagesthathumanbeingspassthroughwhentheyenterandliveinanewculture.Thisprocess,whichhelpsustodealwithcultureshock,isthewayourbrainandourpersonalityreacttothestrangenewthingswemeetwhenwemovefromoneculturetoanother.Ifourcultureinvolvesbowingwhenwegreetsomeone,wemayfeelveryunfortableinaculturethatdoesnotinvolvebowing.Cultureshockbeginswiththe“honeymoonstage”.Thisistheperiodoftimewhenwefirstarriveinanewculturewhereeverythingisstrangeandexciting.Wemaybesufferingfrom“jetlag”butwearethrilledtobeinthenewenvironment,seeingnewsights,hearingnewsoundsandeatingnewkindsoffood.Unfortunately,thesecondstageofcultureshockcanbemoredifficult.Afterwehavesettleddownintoournewlife,workingorstudying,buyinggroceries,doinglaundry,orlivingwithahomestayfamily,wecanbeeverytiredandbegintomissourhomeland.Allthelittleproblemsinlifeseemtobemuchbiggerwhenyoufacetheminaforeignculture.Thisperiodofculturaladjustmentcanbeverydifficultandleadtothenewarrivalrejectingorpullingawayfromthenewculture.Thethirdstageofcultureshockhappenswhenyoubegintorealizethatthingsarenotsobadinthehostculture.Yoursenseofhumorusuallybeesstrongerandyourealizethatyouarebeingstrongerbylearningtotakecareofyourselfinthenewplace.Thingsarestilldifficult,butyouarenowasurvivor!Thefourthstagecanbecalled“ateaseatlast”.Nowyoufeelquitefortableinyournewsurroundings.Youcandealwithmostproblemsthatoccur.Youmaystillhaveproblemswiththelanguage,butyouknowyouarestrongenoughtodealwiththem.Ifyoumeetsomeonefromyourcountrywhohasjustarrived,youcanbetheexpertonlifeinthenewcultureandhelpthemtodealwiththeircultureshock.8.TheexampleinParagraph1isintendedto________.A.helpexplaincultureshockBparedifferentculturesC.showhowtoliveinanewcultureD.drawattentiontoculturaldifferences9.Whatmakescultureshockabiggerchallenge?A.Overingunusualproblems.B.Gettingusedtothenewdailylife.C.Learningmoreaboutthenewculture.D.Findingtherightplacetosettledown.10.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethethirdstageofcultureshock?A.Youhavesurvivedwithoutanydifficulty.B.Youhavefitinwithyournewlifepletely.C.Youholdapositiveattitudeandbegintoadjust.D.Youetorealizehowdifficultcultureshockis.11.Howdoyoufeelduringthefourthstageofcultureshock?A.Tensebutpositive. B.Afraidbutfortable.C.Negativeandstressed. D.Relaxedandconfident.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了文化沖擊會經歷四個基本階段。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“Thisprocess,whichhelpsustodealwithcultureshock,isthewayourbrainandourpersonalityreacttothestrangenewthingswemeetwhenwemovefromoneculturetoanother.Ifourcultureinvolvesbowingwhenwegreetsomeone,wemayfeelveryunfortableinaculturethatdoesnotinvolvebowing.”（當我們從一種文化轉移到另一種文化時，我們的大腦和人格會對陌生的新事物做出反應，這個過程幫助我們應對文化沖擊。如果我們的文化在問候別人時涉及到鞠躬，那么在一個不涉及鞠躬的文化中，我們可能會感到非常不舒服。）可推斷，第一段中的例子旨在幫助解釋文化沖擊。故選A項。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段“Unfortunately,thesecondstageofcultureshockcanbemoredifficult.Afterwehavesettleddownintoournewlife,workingorstudying,buyinggroceries,doinglaundry,orlivingwithahomestayfamily,wecanbeeverytiredandbegintomissourhomeland.”（不幸的是，文化沖擊的第二階段可能更加困難。當我們安定下來進入新的生活，工作或學習，買雜貨，洗衣服，或住在寄宿家庭，我們會變得很累，并開始想念我們的祖國。）以及第三段的“Thisperiodofculturaladjustmentcanbeverydifficultandleadtothenewarrivalrejectingorpullingawayfromthenewculture.（這段文化適應時期可能會非常困難，導致新來者拒絕或遠離新文化。）”可知，習慣新的日常生活讓文化沖擊成為更大的挑戰(zhàn)。故選B項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章倒數第二段“Thethirdstageofcultureshockhappenswhenyoubegintorealizethatthingsarenotsobadinthehostculture.Yoursenseofhumorusuallybeesstrongerandyourealizethatyouarebeingstrongerbylearningtotakecareofyourselfinthenewplace.Thingsarestilldifficult,butyouarenowasurvivor!”（文化沖擊的第三個階段發(fā)生在你開始意識到事情在東道國文化中并沒有那么糟糕的時候。你的幽默感通常會變得更強，你會意識到，你會因為學會在新的環(huán)境中照顧好自己而變得更強。事情還是很困難，但你現在是幸存者了!）可知，第三個階段你有了積極的態(tài)度并開始調整。故選C項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Thefourthstagecanbecalled“ateaseatlast”.Nowyoufeelquitefortableinyournewsurroundings.Youcandealwithmostproblemsthatoccur.Youmaystillhaveproblemswiththelanguage,butyouknowyouarestrongenoughtodealwiththem.Ifyoumeetsomeonefromyourcountrywhohasjustarrived,youcanbetheexpertonlifeinthenewcultureandhelpthemtodealwiththeircultureshock.”（第四階段可稱為“終于放心”。現在你對新環(huán)境感到很舒服。你可以處理大多數發(fā)生的問題。你可能在這門語言上還有一些問題，但你知道你已經足夠強大去解決它們了。如果你遇到剛從你的國家來的人，你可以成為那個新文化生活的專家，并幫助他們應對文化沖突。）可推斷，第四階段人們會變得放松且自信。故選D項。DArtificialintelligenceisabouttotakeononeofthemosticonicjobsinallofsports:theumpire(裁判).Thissummer,teamsintheAAAleague—justonelevelbelowMajorLeagueBaseball—willuseadvancedtechnologytocallaballandastrike(anunsuccessfulattempttohittheball)onbatters.Humanumpireswillstillbeonthescene,butavoiceintheirearpieceswilltellthemtoshoutout“ball”or“strike”－asdeterminedbyasystemknownasAutomatedBallStrike(ABS).HumanumpiresareabletorejectABSiftheyfeelitmadeamistake.ABScanevencalculatedifferentsizedstrikezonesfortallorshortplayers.Anditwillcontinuetodootherthingshumanumpiresdo,likeseparatingangryopposingplayerstopreventfights,andofcoursedustingoffthehomeplate.Foroveracentury,umpireshavestoodasoneofthemosthumanelementsofbaseball.Howtheymakecallscanaffecttheouteofagame.Theyunavoidablyhavehumanweaknesses.Buthowtheyseethings,whetherrightorwrongintheviewofanyindividualfan,decideshowthegameswillgodown.Theyaretheboss.Intheend,it’sahumanbeingwhoisrunningagamebeingplayedbyotherhumans.Moreandmoretechnologyisenteringthesportsfield.Tennisshotscanberuledinoroutofboundsbycameraswhichareabletodetectwhatisonlysomethinguncleartothehumaneye.AndthisyearFIFA,thebodygoverninginternationalsoccer,willexperimentwitharobotsystemthataimstocalloffsidesmorequicklyandaccuratelythanhumanrefereesanditwillbeexpectedtobeinactualevents.Robotrefereescouldalsohelpsolveshortagesofvolunteerrefereesattheamateurlevel,insportssuchassoccer.Agamemightberunbyasingleofficialaidedbytechnologythatdoesimportantpartsofthejob.Todaythepossibilityexiststhatahumanumpireorrefereecouldbebribed(行賄)orholdprejudices,consciouslyorunconsciously.Usingrobotumpswouldseemtoavoidthosehumanshortings.Butwhatifhackers(黑客)gotinsidearobotump’sprogramandcouldchangeitscalls?12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesABS?A.Ithasbeenwidelyusedinsportsevents.B.Itassistshumanumpiresinvariousways.C.Itcanrejecthumanumpires’mistakencalls.D.Itismatureenoughtoreplacehumanumpires.13.WhatmessagedoestheauthorintendtoconveyinParagraph3?A.It’snaturalthateveryonemakesmistakes.B.Umpires’havingthefinalsaycontradictsfairplay.C.It’struethatteamspiritisessentialtosportspetitions.D.Fanscanhaveabigimpactontheprocessofsportsgames.14.What’sFIFA’sattitudetowardtheuseofrobotrefereesinfootballmatches?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.15.Whatmightbeaparticularlyimportanttaskfordevelopersofrobotreferees?A.Raisingrobotumps’awarenessofothers’unconsciousweaknesses.B.Enablingrobotrefereestoworkwithdifferenthumanreferees.C.Strengtheningthedefensivesystemofrobotreferees.D.Makingrobotumpsaccessibletovariousgames.【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了人工智能即將接手所有體育運動中最具標志性的工作之一：裁判?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“Humanumpireswillstillbeonthescene,butavoiceintheirearpieceswilltellthemtoshoutout“ball”or“strike”－asdeterminedbyasystemknownasAutomatedBallStrike(ABS).HumanumpiresareabletorejectABSiftheyfeelitmadeamistake.ABScanevencalculatedifferentsizedstrikezonesfortallorshortplayers.Anditwillcontinuetodootherthingshumanumpiresdo,likeseparatingangryopposingplayerstopreventfights,andofcoursedustingoffthehomeplate.(人類裁判仍然會在現場，但他們的耳機里會有一個聲音告訴他們喊出“球””或“擊球”——這是由一個被稱為自動擊球(ABS)的系統(tǒng)決定的。如果人類裁判認為ABS犯了錯誤，他們可以拒絕ABS。ABS甚至可以計算不同大小的打擊區(qū)為高或矮的球員。它還將繼續(xù)做人類裁判所做的其他事情，比如把憤怒的對方球員分開，以防止打架，當然還有撣掉本壘板上的灰塵。)”可知，ABS可以以各種方式協(xié)助人類裁判。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第三段“Foroveracentury,umpireshavestoodasoneofthemosthumanelementsofbaseball.Howtheymakecallscanaffecttheouteofagame.Theyunavoidablyhavehumanweaknesses.Buthowtheyseethings,whetherrightorwrongintheviewofanyindividualfan,decideshowthegameswillgodown.Theyaretheboss.Intheend,it’sahumanbeingwhoisrunningagamebeingplayedbyotherhumans.(一個多世紀以來，裁判一直是棒球界最具人性的元素之一。他們的判罰方式會影響比賽的結果。他們不可避免地有人性的弱點。但是他們看待事物的方式，無論是對還是錯，都將決定比賽的走向。他們是老板。最后，是一個人在運行一個被其他人玩的游戲。)”可知，在第三段中，作者認為裁判看待事物的方式，無論是對還是錯，都將決定比賽的走向。而這與公平比賽相矛盾。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第四段“AndthisyearFIFA,thebodygoverninginternationalsoccer,willexperimentwitharobotsystemthataimstocalloffsidesmorequicklyandaccuratelythanhumanrefereesanditwillbeexpectedtobeinactualevents.Robotrefereescouldalsohelpsolveshortagesofvolunteerrefereesattheamateurlevel,insportssuchassoccer.Agamemightberunbyasingleofficialaidedbytechnologythatdoesimportantpartsofthejob.(今年，管理國際足球的機構國際足聯(lián)(FIFA)將試驗一種機器人系統(tǒng)，旨在比人類裁判更快、更準確地判罰越位，預計將在實際比賽中使用。機器人裁判還可以幫助解決足球等業(yè)余運動中志愿裁判的短缺問題。一場比賽可能是由一名官員在技術的輔助下運行，這些技術可以完成比賽的重要部分。)”可推測，FIFA對于足球比賽中使用機器人裁判是抱有支持的態(tài)度的。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Butwhatifhackers(黑客)gotinsidearobotump’sprogramandcouldchangeitscalls?(但是，如果黑客進入了機器人裁判的程序，并可以改變它的調用呢？)”可推測，作者認為機器人裁判的開發(fā)者要加強機器人裁判的防御體系以防止黑客進入了機器人裁判的程序，并改變它的調用。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Thetypicalcellphoneusertoucheshisorherphone2,617timeseveryday.Mostpeoplespend3hoursontheirphoneseachday.Theeffectsofthisusageareshocking:reducingthequalityofconversationsandnegativelyaffectingshorttermmemoryandproblemsolving.______16______.Howcanyoucutdownonyourusageofcellphones?Thefollowingaresomemethodssuggestedbyexperts.Keeptoyourschedule.Youcouldsetalarmsspecifyinghowoftenyoucancheckyourphone.______17______.Whenyouralarmsounds,readandhandlenotifications(通知)andthenputdownthephone.Toreduceresponseanxiety,tellyourfriendsorfamilythatyoumaynotrespondtotheirmessagesasquicklyasyouusedto.Createnophonetimezones.Duringworkinghours,ifyou’reconstantlyupsetbyyourphonegoingoff,youwon’tremainfocusedonthework.Therefore,youcouldcreateanophonetimezone.______18______.Soyoucanconcentrateontheworkinfrontofyou.______19______.Oneideaistoreplacesomesmartphonefunctionswithrealobjects.Forexample,purchasearadioalarmclockinsteadofdependingonyourphonetowakeyouup,andstartyournewyearbybuyinganewnotebook,soyoucanwriteyourappointmentandtodolistthereinsteadofinyourphone.Putahairband(發(fā)帶)aroundyourphone.Whenplacedinthemiddleofthephone,thehairbandallowsuserstoanswerphonecallseasily,butmakesotherusesofthephonemoredifficult.Everytimeyouwanttouseyourphone,thisbringsaboutamindfulnessexerciseandmakesyouaskyourselfwhatyourintentionis.Ifyoureallywanttousethephone,setyourintentionforwhyandremovethehairband.______20______.Choosethemethodsmostsuitableforyoursituationandmakeeffortstoavoidtoomuchuseofcellphones.A.ReduceyourrelianceB.LearntolivealifewithoutphonesC.PeoplegetaddictedtosmartphonesfordifferentreasonsD.Forexample,everyhalfhour,every45minutesoreveryhourE.AndtherelationbetweenphoneaddictionandmentalillnessisalarmingF.Thepracticehelpsavoidmindlesslyunlockingyourphoneevery3minutesG.Shutyourphoneforatleast2hoursofyourday,whenyou’remostproductive【答案】16.E17.D18.G19.A20.F【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一些減少使用的方法?！?6題詳解】上文“Thetypicalcellphoneusertoucheshisorherphone2,617timeseveryday.Mostpeoplespend3hoursontheirphoneseachday.Theeffectsofthisusageareshocking:reducingthequalityofconversationsandnegativelyaffectingshorttermmemoryandproblemsolving.(典型的用戶每天觸摸2617次。大多數人每天花3小時在上。這種用法的效果令人震驚：降低了對話的質量，對短期記憶和解決問題產生了負面影響)”說明用戶花費大量時間在上，上癮對人產生了負面影響，E項中phoneaddiction是關鍵詞，E項“成癮與精神疾病之間的關系令人擔憂”承接上文，符合題意。故選E?！?7題詳解】上文“Youcouldsetalarmsspecifyinghowoftenyoucancheckyourphone.(你可以設置鬧鐘，指定查看頻率)”說明可以采用設置鬧鐘的方法來指定查看的頻率，D項“例如，每半小時、每45分鐘或每小時”舉例說明設置鬧鐘、指定查看頻率的方法，承接上文，符合題意。故選D。【18題詳解】上文“Therefore,youcouldcreateanophonetimezone.(因此，你可以創(chuàng)建一個無時區(qū))”以及下文“Soyoucanconcentrateontheworkinfrontofyou.(這樣你就可以專注于眼前的工作)”說明可以關閉，創(chuàng)建無時區(qū)，以專注于工作，G項中Shutyourphone是關鍵詞，G項“當你工作效率最高時，每天至少要關機2小時”承上啟下，符合題意。故選G?！?9題詳解】下文“Oneideaistoreplacesomesmartphonefunctionswithrealobjects.(一個想法是用實物代替一些智能功能)”說明可以使用其他物品代替的一些功能，即減少對的依賴性，A項“減少你的依賴”可以作為本段小標題。故選A?！?0題詳解】上文“Everytimeyouwanttouseyourphone,thisbringsaboutamindfulnessexerciseandmakesyouaskyourselfwhatyourintentionis.Ifyoureallywanttousethephone,setyourintentionforwhyandremovethehairband.(每次你想使用時，這都會帶來一個正念練習，讓你問自己你的意圖是什么。如果你真的想使用，設定你的意圖，說明原因并摘掉發(fā)帶)”說明發(fā)帶的具體用法，F項“這種做法有助于避免每3分鐘無意識地解鎖”承接上文，說明使用發(fā)帶的好處，符合題意。故選F。非選擇題部分第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Theotherday,Iwatchedthedocumentary14Peaks:NothingIsImpossible,whichfollowedNirmalPurjaasheclimbedall14mountainswithaheightofmorethan8,000meters.Havingno____21____ofmountaineeringapartfromoccasionalrecreationalhikes,I____22____Purja’scourageandperseverance(毅力).Notlongintotheprogramme,however,suchfeelingsbeganto____23____.OnajourneyPurjacalled“themissionpossible”,he____24____extremeweatherconditionsandalmostlosthislifeina100metrefall.Whateverthe____25____,hepursuedthepletionofhistask.Thedocumentary____26____Purja’sperseverance,suggestingyoucanachieveanythingaslongasyoupersevere.____27____,themoredeadmountaineersPurjapassedontheway,themoreIbeganto____28____thismessage.Whydidanablemountaineerinsistuponexposinghimselftoa(n)____29____situation?Humanculturevaluesthepletionoftasks.Thisphenomenoniscalled“pletionbias(偏見)”.Whileitcanbea_____30_____forpeopletooveredifficulties,itisimportanttobeawareofits_____31_____.Forexample,withpeopletryinghardtogetthingsdone,manyhaveanatural_____32_____forfocusingonparticulartasks.Ultimately,itmaypreventusfrom_____33_____biggertasksthatreallymatter.Therefore,itisalways_____34_____torememberthatgivingupataskdoesnotnecessarilymeanfailure.Thechoiceto_____35_____amissioncanbeawiseronethanpushingthroughamisguidedquest.21.A.influence B.experience C.expression D.intention22.A.suspected B.displayed C.gathered D.admired23.A.recover B.emerge C.fade D.improve24.A.fought B.recorded C.described D.forecast25.A.purpose B.cost C.reason D.excuse26.A.madeupfor B.lookedoutfor C.spokehighlyof D.tookpityon27.A.However B.Thus C.Moreover D.Otherwise28.A.understand B.memorize C.mistake D.question29.A.urgent B.stable C.ideal D.dangerous30.A.motivator B.lesson C.warning D.promise31.A.basicrules B.sideeffects C.potentialrewards D.variouslevels32.A.preference B.vision C.talent D.occasion33.A.abandoning B.assigning C.tacklin