英語(yǔ)（新高考II卷）- 2024年高考第二次模擬考試（全解全析）

第第頁(yè)2024年高考第二次模擬考試（新高考II卷02）英語(yǔ)·（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿(mǎn)分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1．Howmuchwillthemanpay?A．$70. B．$80. C．$100.【答案】A【原文】M:Isthisthebookcaseyouadvertised?W:Yes,it’sourregular$50bookcaseonsaletodayfor$40.Ifyoubuyapair,youcansaveanother$5foreach.M:OK,I’lltakeapair.2．Whatcolouristhewoman’sfurniture?A．Yellow. B．Brown. C．Purple.【答案】B【原文】W:I’mgoingtobuysomenewpaintforthelivingroom.M:Ithoughtyoulovedtheyellowcolour.W:IlikeditwhenIhadapurplecouch,butnowmyfurnitureisbrownanditmakesthewalllookugly.3．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Roommates.B．Bossandsecretary.C．Husbandandwife.【答案】B【原文】W:Yourmeetingisat2:00p.m.thisafternoon.M:OK,thanks.Well,didanyonecallwhileIwasout?W:Onlyyourwife.Shewantsyoutopickupsomewineonyourwayhome.4．Howdoesthemanthinkofthebook?A．Humorous. B．Scientific. C．Popular.【答案】A【原文】M:Haveyoureadthisbook,Helen?W:No,whatisitabout?M:It’saboutdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.It’sascientificbook,butitkeptmelaughingalltheway.5．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inthebookstore. B．Intheregisteroffice. C．Inthedormbuilding.【答案】B【原文】W:CouldyoupleasetellmehowIcangettothestudentdormbuilding?M:Sure.Turnleftwhenyouwalkoutofthisregisteroffice,passthebookstoreandyou’llseeit.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍?！韭?tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題?！?．Howlongisthewomangoingtostayatthehotel?A．Fortwonights. B．Forthreenights. C．Forfournights.7．Whyarethepricesforthetwodoubleroomsdifferent?A．Theroomshavedifferentviews.B．Theroomsaredifferentinsize.C．Theroomsareofdifferentshapes.【答案】6．B7．A【原文】M:Hello,VictoriaHotel.CanIhelpyou?W:Hello.I’dliketomakeareservationforJulythe1stthroughthe4th.I’m...I’mcheckingoutonthemorningofthe4th.M:OK.Wouldyoulikeasingleroom,adoubleroom,oratwinroom?W:I’dlikeadoubleroom.What’stherate?M:Wehaveonlytwodoubleroomsavailable.Oneis180dollarsandtheother200dollars.W:Whyarethepricesdifferent?M:Well,they’rebothstandarddoublerooms,butthe200-dollarroomfacesthegarden.W:OK,Isee.【聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題?！?．Whathappenedtothewoman’sflight?A．Itfailedtotakeoffontime.B．Itwascalledoffwithoutnotice.C．Itarrivedabouttwohoursearlier.9．Wheredocstheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inarestaurant. B．Onaplane. C．Attheairport.【答案】8．A9．C【原文】M:Ithoughtyourflightwouldarrivetwohoursago.Whattooksolong?W:Didn’ttheyannouncethatourflightwasdelayed?M:Ididn’thearanythingaboutadelay.Ithoughteverythingwasrunningontime.Whathappened?W:Wegotontheplaneontimebutthenwewereheldupforalmosttwohoursduetoanunknownproblem.M:That’stoobad.Haveyouhadanythingtoeat?W:Imanagedtogetasandwichontheplane.Howaboutyou?M:I’vehadnothingbutacupofcoffee.I’mstarving.Let’sgetoutofhereandfindarestaurant.【聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題?！?0．Whoistheman?A．Amanager. B．Asecretary. C．Aninterviewee.11．Whichlineofbusinessisthecompanyin?A．Clothing. B．Education. C．Electronics.12．Howdoesthewomanrespondtotheman’slackofworkexperience?A．Itmightbeanissue. B．Itwon’tbeaproblem. C．Sheneedsmoreinformation.【答案】10．C11．C12．B【原文】M:Goodmorning,madam.Ihaveaninterviewat9:00a.m.withMs.Thompson.W:Oh,yes.She’sthehiringmanagerforourcompany.I’llcallyouintoherofficewhenshecomesbackafewminuteslater.Fornow,pleasewaitinthisseatingarea.M:Great,thanks.Bytheway,isthereanypersonlikemeinterviewedforthispositiontoday?W:Notreally.Ourcompanycarefullychoosesnewstaffmemberstointerview.Welookcloselyattheireducationandworkhistory.M:IonlyworkedinclothingstoresandrestaurantswhenIwasincollege.Thiswouldbemyfirstjobaftergraduationandmyfirstpositionatanelectronicscompany.Wouldthisbeanissue?W:Oh,no.Weacceptmanyrecentgraduates.Unfortunately,theothersecretariesandIcan’toffermuchmorespecificinformationonthissubject.M:Isee.Thanksforyouradvice.【聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題?！?3．Wherearethespeakers?A．InJapan. B．InAustralia. C．InAmerica.14．Whatmightbeaproblemforthewoman?A．Understandingthelocallanguage.B．Talkingwithherworkmates.C．Correctingheraccent.15．Howoftendotheclubmembersmeet?A．Twiceamonth. B．Onceaweek. C．Twiceaweek.16．Whatdoestheclubmainlyhelpitsmemberstodo?A．Communicatewithlocalpeople.B．Enjoythemselvestogether.C．Learnaboutlifeabroad.【答案】13．B14．A15．C16．A【原文】M:HowcanIhelpyou?W:Well,I’dliketojointhisInternationalSocialClub.Iwashopingyoucouldhelpme.M:Noproblem.HowlonghaveyoubeeninAustralia?W:Iarrivedjustlastmonth.I’mfromTokyo—that’swhereIwasbroughtup.IlivedinAmericaforacoupleofyearswhenIwasateenager—wewentthereformyfather’sjob.M:OK.You’vegotreallyniceAmericanaccent.SoIdon’tsupposeyouhaveanycommunicationproblemsintheoffice,thoughyoumayfindsomeofourlocalAustralianwordshardertounderstand.W:Well,abit.Doestheclubholdregularmeetings?M:Yes,everyTuesdayandWednesdayinfact,soacoupleoftimesamonth.W:Themembersaren’tjustpeoplefromothercountries,non-Australians,arethey?M:No,notatall.Themainpointoftheclubistogivepeoplelikeyouthechancetochatmorewithpeoplefromthiscountry,peopleofallages.Youknow,it’sasortofinterculturalexperienceforeverybody.Andhopefullyyou’llmakefriendswithpeoplewhohavesimilarinterests.【聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。】17．Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A．Aplayground. B．Anannouncement. C．Anotebook.18．Whatisthemainpurposeofthespeech?A．Toinformsomechangesofavisit.B．Totellthehistoryofamuseum.C．Todiscusstheweekdayplans.19．Wherewillteachersandstudentsmeettomorrowmorning?A．Ontheplayground. B．Attheschoolgate. C．Atthebusstop.20．Whatdoesthespeakersuggestdoinginthemuseum?A．Takingacamera. B．Wearingcomfortableclothes. C．Avoidingtouchingthings.【答案】17．B18．A19．B20．C【原文】M:Hello,teachersandstudents!NowIhaveanimportantannouncementtomake.Thereareafewchangesthathavebeenmadetothevisit.So,pleasepayfullattentiontowhatI’msayingnext.Westillhavebeenarrangedtopayavisittothelocalmuseumthisweekend,butthistimeit’sonSaturdaynotonSunday.Weareinformedthatthemuseumwon’topenthisSundayduetosomespecialreasons.Andwearegoingtomeetontheplaygroundinsteadoftheschoolgateateighto’clocktomorrowmorning.Wewillgodirectlytherebybus.You’dbetterwearcomfortableshoesforlongwalksinthemuseum.Pleasebringanotebookwithyouandmakesomenotes.WewillhaveadiscussionaboutitintheclassmeetingnextMon-day.Oh,Inearlyforgettoremindyouoftherules.Don’ttakepicturesoftheculturalrelics.Butifyoudowanttotakeapicture,youcandothatinfrontofthemuseum.Andnobodyisallowedtotouchanythingthere,orelsetheywillbefined.Haveaniceweekend!第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分,滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AABAKINGDEGREE/DIPLOMAONLINEOfferedbyAugusteEscoffierSchoolofCulinaryArts.GeneralintroductionOurprogramscombineflexibleonlineclasses(24/7accesstohundredsoftechniquevideos)withahands-onbakingexternship(校外實(shí)習(xí))experiencethatletsyouapplywhatyoulearnfromourexperiencedinstructorsinareal-worldsetting.Also,youcanattendanin-persongraduationatEscoffierinBoulder.HowculinaryschoolonlineworksOurprovenapproachblendsonlinecontentwithone-on-oneinteractionfromexperiencedchefinstructorstohelpensureyourlearning,inadditiontoahands-onindustryexternshipattheendofyourprogram.WhoourstudentsareEscoffierOnlinestudentscomefrommanywalksoflife.Somearenewtothebusiness.Someareprofessionalswhowanttolevelup.Allarereadytolearn.TheprocessLEARNCompletereadings,watchlecturesanddemonstrations,carryoutresearchandtakeknowledge-check

quizzes.DISCUSSTalkthroughwhatyou’velearnedwithclassmatesandinstructorsonprivateclassmessageboards.Youcanalsojoinlivelessonsbroadcastonlineeachweek.EXPERIENCERollupyoursleevesandgettoworkinyourkitchen.Executeyourpracticalassignments,documentingtheprocessalongthewaythroughaproductionsheetandphotoswheninstructedto.21．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Escoffierexpertscancometoyourhomeforinstruction.B．Readingisnotrequiredforthelearningsteps.C．Youcandiscusswithinstructorsinperson.D．Photosarenotamustduringthepracticalprocess.22．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethecourse?A．Popularandlimited. B．Affordableandachievable.C．Flexibleandpractical. D．Conservativeandproductive.23．Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Abrochure. B．Areport. C．Apaper. D．Ajournal.【答案】21．C22．C23．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一門(mén)在線(xiàn)烘焙課程的情況，包括課程安排和上課人員情況等。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ourprovenapproachblendsonlinecontentwithone-on-oneinteractionfromexperiencedchefinstructorstohelpensureyourlearning,inadditiontoahands-onindustryexternshipattheendofyourprogram.(我們經(jīng)過(guò)驗(yàn)證的方法將在線(xiàn)內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的廚師教師的一對(duì)一互動(dòng)相結(jié)合，以幫助確保您的學(xué)習(xí)，此外，在您的課程結(jié)束時(shí)，您還可以親身體驗(yàn)行業(yè)實(shí)習(xí))”可知，你可以親自和老師討論。故選C。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ourprogramscombineflexibleonlineclasses(24/7accesstohundredsoftechniquevideos)withahands-onbakingexternship(校外實(shí)習(xí))experiencethatletsyouapplywhatyoulearnfromourexperiencedinstructorsinareal-worldsetting.(我們的課程結(jié)合了靈活的在線(xiàn)課程(24/7全天候訪(fǎng)問(wèn)數(shù)百個(gè)技術(shù)視頻)和動(dòng)手烘焙實(shí)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，讓您將從我們經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的講師那里學(xué)到的知識(shí)應(yīng)用到實(shí)際環(huán)境中)”以及最后一段“Executeyourpracticalassignments,documentingtheprocessalongthewaythroughaproductionsheetandphotoswheninstructedto.(執(zhí)行你的實(shí)際任務(wù)，在指示時(shí)通過(guò)生產(chǎn)表和照片記錄過(guò)程)”可推知，這門(mén)課程靈活且實(shí)際。故選C。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)標(biāo)題“ABAKINGDEGREE/DIPLOMAONLINE(在線(xiàn)烘焙學(xué)位/文憑)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一門(mén)在線(xiàn)烘焙課程的情況，包括課程安排和上課人員情況等?？赏浦?，這篇文章可能選自一本課程宣傳手冊(cè)。故選A。BAconfidentsmileisahappysmile.Haveyoueverhadastrangersmileatyouwhileyouwereoutinpublic?Maybeyouwerefeelingdown,buttheirgenuineandfriendlysmilesliterallymadeyouturnyourfrownupsidedown.Allthankstothatsmileyperson,yournegativeattitudesuddenlysubsided.Itishardtobelievethatsuchasmallgesturecanimpactyourmoodsosimply,butIwouldbelyingifIsaidthatI’veneverexperiencedthisfeeling.I’msureyoucanrelate.Withthatbeingsaid,sciencecanbackthisup.Wherearethesehappyfeelingscomingfrom?Well,whenyousmileatsomeone,youmayfeellikeyou’reexperiencingtemporaryhappiness.Thatisbecauseendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽)arereleasedinthebrainwhenyousmile.Endorphinscanbedescribedasnaturalpainkillersforthebody,whichalsoboostyourself-esteem(自尊).Smilingisreallyasimpleactofkindness,whichcanalsomakeyoufeelbetteraboutyourself.Asanillustration,someonegoinginforajobinterviewwiththeirheadsheldhigh,andsmilesontheirfaceswillhaveabetterchanceofscoringthejob.Employersremarkthatapersonwholooksdownwhentheyspeaktoavoidshowingtheirsmilesduringaninterview,mostlikelywon’tbehired,becauseitlooksasthoughtheyarehidingsomething.However,thatpersonwithaninvitingsmileshowsconfidence.Nomatterwhatyoulooklike,asmileisworthathousandwordsandpeoplecanrecognizethat.Itgivesmesucharewardingfeelinghelpingchildren,teens,andadultstobuildtheirselfesteemthroughtreatment.It’sallworthitseeingthatsparkofjoyinmypatientafterthejobisallsaidanddone.Itrulybelievethatabrighteyedsmilehasthecapacitytoallowyoutoconnectwithothers,withoututteringasound.24．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subsided”meaninParagraph1?A．Appeared. B．Weakened. C．Increased. D．Smiled.25．What’stheuseofendorphins?A．Makingpeoplefeelhappy.B．Makingpeopleactkindly.C．Makingbrainsworkfast.D．Curingsomediseases.26．Whyisithardforapersonnotshowingasmiletogetajob?A．Heholdshisheadtoohigh.B．Helooksdownuponothers.C．Helooksalittledishonest.D．Heistooconfident.27．Whatkindofworkistheauthorlikelytodo?A．Ateacher. B．Avolunteer. C．Ascientist. D．Adoctor.【答案】24．B25．A26．C27．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。作者以自己的親身經(jīng)歷說(shuō)明自信的微笑是幸福的微笑，我們應(yīng)該多對(duì)別人微笑甚至大聲地笑出來(lái)。24．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)詞上文“Maybeyouwerefeelingdown,buttheirgenuineandfriendlysmilesliterallymadeyouturnyourfrownupsidedown.(也許你情緒低落，但他們真誠(chéng)友好的微笑真的會(huì)讓你神采飛揚(yáng))”可知，多虧了那個(gè)微笑的人，你的消極態(tài)度突然平息了。由此可知，劃線(xiàn)詞的意思是“減弱”。故選B項(xiàng)。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thatisbecauseendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽)arereleasedinthebrainwhenyousmile.Endorphinscanbedescribedasnaturalpainkillersforthebody,whichalsoboostyourself-esteem(自尊).Smilingisreallyasimpleactofkindness,whichcanalsomakeyoufeelbetteraboutyourself.(這是因?yàn)楫?dāng)你微笑時(shí)，大腦會(huì)釋放內(nèi)啡肽。內(nèi)啡肽可以被描述為身體的天然止痛藥，它也可以增強(qiáng)你的自尊心。微笑真的是一種簡(jiǎn)單的善意行為，它也能讓你感覺(jué)更好)”可知，內(nèi)啡肽讓人感到快樂(lè)。故選A項(xiàng)。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Employersremarkthatapersonwholooksdownwhentheyspeaktoavoidshowingtheirsmilesduringaninterview,mostlikelywon’tbehired,becauseitlooksasthoughtheyarehidingsomething.(雇主們說(shuō)，在面試中，如果一個(gè)人在說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)為了不露出笑容而低頭，那么他很可能不會(huì)被錄用，因?yàn)檫@看起來(lái)好像他在隱瞞什么)”可推知，一個(gè)不微笑的人很難找到工作是因?yàn)樗雌饋?lái)有點(diǎn)不誠(chéng)實(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“It’sallworthitseeingthatsparkofjoyinmypatientafterthejobisallsaidanddone.(一切都是值得的，在手術(shù)結(jié)束后，看到我的病人身上閃爍著喜悅的火花)”可推知，作者是一名醫(yī)生。故選D項(xiàng)。CFarmersandhuntersarecallingforanextensiontotheVictorianduckhuntingseason,sayingcertainspeciesaredoinggreatharmtocropsandwaterwaysandneedtobecontrolled.Thisseasonrunsfrom8:00amtodayandwillendin20days,downfromtheusual12weeks,withabaglimitoffivelistedgameducksperday.WayneShieldsgrowsleafygreensontheMorningtonPeninsulaandhesaidthedecisiontoreducetheduckhuntingseasonwouldtakeitstollonfarmers.“Thewoodducksaretheonescausingallofthedamage;theblackducksarenoproblemaroundhere.Thewoodduckscomeinatnightandtheyjustcleanmeoutcompletelyandthey’vedoneitanumberoftimesoveranumberofyears,”hesaid.Mr.Shieldsandhiswife,Natasha,runPeninsulaFreshOrganicsandhesaidtherewasnothinghecoulddotostoptheinvasion.“Inearlywentbrokeafewyearsago.BackthenIwasplanting10,000lettuce(生菜)aweekandtheywouldquitehappilyeat10,000lettuceaweek.”Duetothedamagecausedbythewoodducks,Mr.Shieldssaidthereshouldbeayear-roundopenseasononthewoodducksandfarmersshouldbeallowedtoshootbirds.ProfessorRichardKingsford,DirectoroftheCentreforEcosystemScienceatUNSW,saidalthoughthewoodducksatecrops,extendingtheduckseasonmaynotachievewhatfarmerswanted.Heiscallingonthegovernmenttoinvestmoreinresearchtoaddressthethreatcertainspeciesofwaterbirdscausedforsomefarmers,soothernonlethal(非致命的)waystodestroythebirdscanbefound.28．Whatisthedifferenceaboutduckhuntingthisyear?A．Duckhuntingisprohibited. B．Theduckhuntingseasonisshortened.C．Theduckhuntingseasonisprolonged. D．Duckhuntingislimitedtoabagofducks.29．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．Farmerssufferahugelossfromwoodducks.B．Farmersactuallyapproveofkeepingblackducks.C．Woodduckswakefarmersupcompletelyatnight.D．Farmerssupportthereductionoftheduckhuntingseason.30．WhatdidMr.Shieldssuggestconcerningthewoodducks?A．Makingmoreinvestmentinwoodducks. B．Makingshootingbirdspermittedforfarmers.C．Doingnothingtostoptheinvasion. D．Plantingmorelettuceonthefarm.31．WhatdoesRichardKingsfordthinkofthehuntingseasonextension?A．Indifferent. B．Neutral. C．Favorable. D．Opposed.【答案】28．B29．A30．B31．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了由于木鴨對(duì)農(nóng)作物和水道造成了巨大危害，農(nóng)民和獵人呼吁延長(zhǎng)獵鴨季，而相關(guān)專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)加大對(duì)研究的投資，以解決這種威脅。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thisseasonrunsfrom8:00amtodayandwillendin20days,downfromtheusual12weeks,withabaglimitoffivelistedgameducksperday.(本季從今天早上8點(diǎn)開(kāi)始，將在20天內(nèi)結(jié)束，而不是通常的12周，每天最多只能攜帶5只在列表的野鴨)”可知，今年的獵鴨季被縮短了，不同于往年的時(shí)長(zhǎng)。故選B項(xiàng)。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thewoodducksaretheonescausingallofthedamage;theblackducksarenoproblemaroundhere.Thewoodduckscomeinatnightandtheyjustcleanmeoutcompletelyandthey’vedoneitanumberoftimesoveranumberofyears(木鴨是造成所有破壞的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?；黑鴨在這里不是問(wèn)題。木鴨在晚上進(jìn)來(lái)，它們把我的東西都吃光了，在過(guò)去的幾年里，它們已經(jīng)做了很多次了)”可知，木鴨多次吃光農(nóng)民種植的東西。由此可知，木鴨給農(nóng)民帶來(lái)了巨大的損失。故選A項(xiàng)。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Duetothedamagecausedbythewoodducks,Mr.Shieldssaidthereshouldbeayear-roundopenseasononthewoodducksandfarmersshouldbeallowedtoshootbirds.(Shields先生說(shuō)，由于木鴨造成的破壞，應(yīng)該有一個(gè)全年的木鴨開(kāi)放季，農(nóng)民應(yīng)該被允許射擊鳥(niǎo)類(lèi))”可知，Shields先生認(rèn)為農(nóng)民應(yīng)該被允許獵殺包括木鴨在內(nèi)的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)。故選B項(xiàng)。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ProfessorRichardKingsford,DirectoroftheCentreforEcosystemScienceatUNSW,saidalthoughthewoodducksatecrops,extendingtheduckseasonmaynotachievewhatfarmerswanted.Heiscallingonthegovernmenttoinvestmoreinresearchtoaddressthethreatcertainspeciesofwaterbirdscausedforsomefarmers,soothernonlethal(非致命的)waystodestroythebirdscanbefound.(新南威爾士大學(xué)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)中心主任RichardKingsford教授說(shuō)，雖然木鴨吃莊稼，但延長(zhǎng)獵鴨季可能不會(huì)達(dá)到農(nóng)民的目的。他呼吁政府加大對(duì)研究的投入，以解決某些種類(lèi)的水鳥(niǎo)對(duì)一些農(nóng)民造成的威脅，這樣就可以找到其他非致命的方法來(lái)消滅這些鳥(niǎo)類(lèi))”可知，RichardKingsford教授認(rèn)為延長(zhǎng)獵鴨季無(wú)法解決農(nóng)民現(xiàn)在遇到的問(wèn)題，而應(yīng)加大科研投資，以其他非致命的方法來(lái)解決威脅。由此可知，他對(duì)延長(zhǎng)獵鴨季持反對(duì)的意見(jiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。 DSupposeyoucomeacrosstwodoctors.Oneishandsomewhiletheotherlooksplain.Whowouldyoutrustwithyoursurgery?Mostpeoplewouldprobablywanttogettreatedbythehandsomeone.Andmostpeoplearelikelytobewrongaboutthat.Whenyoulookatthesun,yousometimesseeitclearly.Butsometimesyou’llseeitshiningwaybiggerthanitsactualshape.Thatcircleoflightcalledahalomakesitlookbigger.Thiseffect,knownasthehaloeffect,alsohappenswhenaperson,product,orcompanyshineslikethesun.Thenwedon’tseethemclearlyandassociateallsortsofunrelatedqualitiestothem.ThehaloeffectwasoncestudiedbythepsychologistEdwardThorndike,whoaskedflightcommanderstoevaluatetheirpilotsinvariousdistinctaspectssuchasphysicalappearance,intelligence,andleadership.Hefoundthatthepilotswhogothighscoresfortheirphysicalappearance,alsogotratedhighonintelligenceandleadershipskills-alinkthatseemedwrong.Itappearsthatthecommanderswereunabletoevaluatespecificqualitiesindependentlyofothers.Theythoughtoftheirpilotsinbroadterms,either“good”or“bad”,andallowedthisgeneralfeelingtoinfluencethespecificqualitiestheycreditedtotheirpilots.Somepilotsprofitedfromtheirhalo.Thehaloeffectalsoexplainswhysometeachersgivebetter-lookingstudentshighergrades.Onestudylookedatthegradesof4,500pupils,whoweresortedbyvolunteersintothreegroups:below-average,average,andabove-averagelooking.Theresearchersthencomparedstudents’gradesbetweenclassestakeninconventionalclassroomswiththosetakenonlinewheretherewasnoface-to-faceinteraction.Theresearchersfoundthatstudentswhowereratedasgood-lookingearnedsignificantlylowergradesinonlinecoursescomparedtoconventionalclassrooms.Sincethephysicalappearanceofgood-lookingpeopleseemstonaturallymakethemalsoappearintelligent,strong,andtrustworthy,hereisonegoodrule.Ifyoumeetwithanaccidentandhavetochoosebetweentwoequallyqualifieddoctors,ignoretheirhaloandchoosethelesshandsomeone.Hemighthaveworkedtwiceashardtogainthesamereputationandislikelybetterathisjob.32．Whatisthepurposeofthesecondparagraph?A．Toexploreanaturalwonder.B．Tospreadscientificknowledge.C．Toexplainapsychologicaltendency.D．Tointerpretsocialrulesattheworkplace.33．HowdidthecommanderstendtoevaluatetheirpilotsinThorndike’sstudy?A．Inageneralway. B．Withcommonsense.C．Fromaspecificaspect. D．Byanobjectivecriterion.34．Whatdoesthe4500-pupilstudyfindaboutbetter-lookingstudents?A．Theywerefairlytreatedbytheirteachers.B．Theywerelessattentiveinonlinecourses.C．Theyprobablyhadnaturallearningabilities.D．Theywereovervaluedinconventionalclasses.35．Whatcanbelearnedaboutthehaloeffect?A．Itrelievesappearanceanxiety.B．Itleadstoinaccuratejudgments.C．Itcausestrustcrisisamongpeople.D．Itintensifiesworkplacecompetition.【答案】32．C33．A34．D35．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了光環(huán)效應(yīng)的表現(xiàn)和影響。32．推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“Whenyoulookatthesun,yousometimesseeitclearly.Butsometimesyou’llseeitshiningwaybiggerthanitsactualshape.Thatcircleoflightcalledahalomakesitlookbigger.Thiseffect,knownasthehaloeffect,alsohappenswhenaperson,product,orcompanyshineslikethesun.Thenwedon’tseethemclearlyandassociateallsortsofunrelatedqualitiestothem.(當(dāng)你看太陽(yáng)的時(shí)候，你有時(shí)會(huì)看得很清楚。但有時(shí)你會(huì)看到它比實(shí)際形狀大得多。被稱(chēng)為光暈的光圈使它看起來(lái)更大。這種效應(yīng)被稱(chēng)為光環(huán)效應(yīng)，當(dāng)一個(gè)人、產(chǎn)品或公司像太陽(yáng)一樣發(fā)光時(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)生。然后我們就看不清它們，把各種不相關(guān)的品質(zhì)和它們聯(lián)系在一起。)”可知，第二段的目的是解釋一種心理傾向，即光環(huán)效應(yīng)。故選C。33．推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Hefoundthatthepilotswhogothighscoresfortheirphysicalappearance,alsogotratedhighonintelligenceandleadershipskills-alinkthatseemedwrong.

Itappearsthatthecommanderswereunabletoevaluatespecificqualitiesindependentlyofothers.

Theythoughtoftheirpilotsinbroadterms,either“good”or“bad”,andallowedthisgeneralfeelingtoinfluencethespecificqualitiestheycreditedtotheirpilots.

Somepilotsprofitedfromtheirhalo.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些在外貌上得分高的飛行員，在智力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力上也得分高——這種聯(lián)系似乎是錯(cuò)誤的?？磥?lái)指揮官們無(wú)法獨(dú)立于他人來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)具體的品質(zhì)。他們從廣義上看待飛行員，要么“好”，要么“壞”，并讓這種總體感覺(jué)影響他們認(rèn)為飛行員具有的具體品質(zhì)。一些飛行員從他們的光環(huán)中獲利。)”可知，指揮官們傾向于用總體感覺(jué)來(lái)評(píng)估他們的飛行員。故選A。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段中“Theresearchersfoundthatstudentswhowereratedasgood-lookingearnedsignificantlylowergradesinonlinecoursescomparedtoconventionalclassrooms.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，與傳統(tǒng)課堂相比，被評(píng)為長(zhǎng)得好看的學(xué)生在網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程上的成績(jī)明顯較低。)”可知，長(zhǎng)相更好的學(xué)生在傳統(tǒng)課堂被高估了。故選D。35．推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“Thiseffect,knownasthehaloeffect,alsohappenswhenaperson,product,orcompanyshineslikethesun.

Thenwedon’tseethemclearlyandassociateallsortsofunrelatedqualitiestothem.(這種效應(yīng)被稱(chēng)為光環(huán)效應(yīng)，當(dāng)一個(gè)人、產(chǎn)品或公司像太陽(yáng)一樣發(fā)光時(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)生。然后我們就看不清它們，把各種不相關(guān)的品質(zhì)和它們聯(lián)系在一起。)”和第四段中“Theresearchersfoundthatstudentswhowereratedasgood-lookingearnedsignificantlylowergradesinonlinecoursescomparedtoconventionalclassrooms.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，與傳統(tǒng)課堂相比，被評(píng)為長(zhǎng)得好看的學(xué)生在網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程上的成績(jī)明顯較低。)”可知，光環(huán)效應(yīng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致不準(zhǔn)確的判斷。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分,滿(mǎn)分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Yogahasawell-deservedreputationforhelpingimprovebalanceandflexibilityandforinducingcalmandrelaxation.36Whileyoumightnotburnasmanycaloriesbypracticingyogaasyouwouldbyrunningordoingsomeotherhigh-intensityactivities,yogacanstillraiseyourheartrateandhelpbuildmuscle.Here’smoreabouthowyogaisacompletebodyandmindworkout.·Reducestressandreducepounds.Yogahelpsdealwithstress.37Yogahasanimpactonthebody’sstressresponseandreducestheproductionofchemicalslinkedtoweightgain,suchascortisol(皮質(zhì)醇),astresshormone.·Movewellandeatwell.38Participantsinvolvedinyogapracticerealizethattheytendtonoticenotonlytheamountoffoodtheyeat,butalsowhattypeoffoodstheyeatandtheimpactofeatingthosefoods.Theybecomeawareoftheeffectofcertainfoodsontheirbodiesduringtheiryogapractice.·39Doingyogalongtermnotonlycanhelppeopleloseweightbutalsocanstrengthencognitiveskillstohelpkeepitoff.Amultiyearstudyexaminesthepossibilityofyogamaintainingweightloss.Itsfindingssuggestthatyogamayhelptoimprovelong-termweightlossoutcomesviaimprovementsindistresstolerance,self-compassionandamorepositivemood.Yogaisaveryreasonableformofexercise,butyouhavetochoosetherighttype.A2021studyfoundnodifferenceinweightlosstotalsforparticipantspracticingagentle,restorativeyogaversusamorevigoroustypeofyoga.40Everybodycanbenefitfromayogapractice.A．Makeweightlosslast.B．Learnaboutcognitiveskills.C．Studiesshowthathighlevelsofcortisolcanleadtoanincreaseinfat.D．Severalstudieshaveconfirmedthatdoingyogadoesraisecortisollevels.E．Yogahelpsbreakolddietaryhabitsandrelatedunconsciouspatternsofbehavior.F．Actually,thebestyogaisthepracticethatfitsforyou—theoneyou’llcommitto.G．Butasforweightloss,manypeopleassumeothertypesofexercisewillbenefitmore.【答案】36．G37．C38．E39．A40．F【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了瑜伽的作用和如何選擇適合自己的瑜伽類(lèi)型。36．上文“Yogahasawell-deservedreputationforhelpingimprovebalanceandflexibilityandforinducingcalmandrelaxation.(瑜伽在幫助改善平衡和靈活性、誘導(dǎo)平靜和放松方面享有實(shí)至名歸的聲譽(yù))”介紹了瑜伽的好處，但下文“Whileyoumightnotburnasmanycaloriesbypracticingyogaasyouwouldbyrunningordoingsomeotherhigh-intensityactivities(雖然練瑜伽燃燒的卡路里可能不如跑步或其他高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)消耗的卡路里多)”指出瑜伽這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的不足，上下文語(yǔ)意之間有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。G項(xiàng)“Butasforweightloss,manypeopleassumeothertypesofexercisewillbenefitmore.(但說(shuō)到減肥，很多人認(rèn)為其他類(lèi)型的運(yùn)動(dòng)更有益)”起到承上啟下的作用，與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出下文瑜伽與其它運(yùn)動(dòng)的比對(duì)，句中“othertypesofexercise”即下文中“runningordoingsomeotherhigh-intensityactivities”。上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選G項(xiàng)。37．下文“Yogahasanimpactonthebody’sstressresponseandreducestheproductionofchemicalslinkedtoweightgain,suchascortisol(皮質(zhì)醇),astresshormone.(瑜伽對(duì)身體的壓力反應(yīng)有影響，并減少與體重增加有關(guān)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生，如皮質(zhì)醇，一種壓力激素)”介紹瑜伽可以減少與體重增加有關(guān)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)皮質(zhì)醇，C項(xiàng)“Studiesshowthathighlevelsofcortisolcanleadtoanincreaseinfat.(研究表明高水平的皮質(zhì)醇會(huì)導(dǎo)致脂肪的增加)”說(shuō)明了皮質(zhì)醇與體重增加的關(guān)系，兩個(gè)句子話(huà)題一致，且照應(yīng)小標(biāo)題中的主題“reducepounds”。故選C項(xiàng)。38．下文“Participantsinvolvedinyogapracticerealizethattheytendtonoticenotonlytheamountoffoodtheyeat,butalsowhattypeoffoodstheyeatandtheimpactofeatingthosefoods.Theybecomeawareoftheeffectofcertainfoodsontheirbodiesduringtheiryogapractice.(參與瑜伽練習(xí)的人意識(shí)到，他們往往不僅注意他們吃了多少食物，而且還注意他們吃了什么類(lèi)型的食物以及吃這些食物的影響。他們?cè)阼べぞ毩?xí)中意識(shí)到某些食物對(duì)他們身體的影響)”說(shuō)明瑜伽會(huì)幫助瑜伽練習(xí)者留意到自己的飲食習(xí)慣和相關(guān)行為模式，進(jìn)而幫助他們作出調(diào)整與改變，E項(xiàng)“Yogahelpsbreakolddietaryhabitsandrelatedunconsciouspatternsofbehavior.(瑜伽有助于打破舊的飲食習(xí)慣和相關(guān)的無(wú)意識(shí)行為模式)”是下文內(nèi)容概括。故選E項(xiàng)。39．設(shè)空處是段首小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)下文“Doingyogalongtermnotonlycanhelppeopleloseweightbutalsocanstrengthencognitiveskillstohelpkeepitoff.Amultiyearstudyexaminesthepossibilityofyogamaintainingweightloss.Itsfindingssuggestthatyogamayhelptoimprovelong-termweightlossoutcomesviaimprovementsindistresstolerance,self-compassion