材料英語詞匯

材料英語詞匯專業(yè)詞匯列表

晶體結(jié)構(gòu)（structureofcrystal）原子質(zhì)量單位Atomicmassunit(amu)

原子量Atomicweight鍵能Bondingenergy

共價鍵Covalentbond電子構(gòu)型electronicconfiguration

正電的Electropositive氫鍵Hydrogenbond

同位素Isotope摩爾Mole

泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple原子atom

分子量moleculeweight量子數(shù)quantumnumber

范德華鍵vanderwaalsbond點群pointgroup各向異性anisotropy

體心立方結(jié)構(gòu)body-centeredcubic(BCC)布拉格定律bragg’slaw晶體結(jié)構(gòu)crystalstructure

晶體的crystalline中子衍射neutrondiffraction晶界grainboundary

鮑林規(guī)則Pauling’srulesCsCl型結(jié)構(gòu)CaesiumChloridestructure

纖鋅礦型結(jié)構(gòu)Wurtzitestructure螢石型結(jié)構(gòu)Fluoritestructure

尖晶石型結(jié)構(gòu)Spinel-typestructure島狀結(jié)構(gòu)Islandstructure層狀結(jié)構(gòu)Layerstructure

滑石talc高嶺石kaolinite長石feldspar各向同性的isotropic晶格lattice

密勒指數(shù)millerindices多晶的polycrystalline原子數(shù)Atomicnumber

波爾原子模型Bohratomicmodel庫侖力Coulombicforce分子的構(gòu)型molecularconfiguration負電的Electronegative基態(tài)Groundstate離子鍵Ionicbond金屬鍵Metallicbond

分子Molecule元素周期表Periodictable極性分子Polarmolecule

價電子valenceelectron電子軌道electronorbitals對稱要素symmetryelements

原子堆積因數(shù)atomicpackingfactor(APF)面心立方結(jié)構(gòu)face-centeredcubic(FCC)

配位數(shù)coordinationnumber晶系crystalsystem衍射diffraction

電子衍射electrondiffraction六方密堆積hexagonalclose-packed(HCP)

顯微照相photomicrograph透射電子顯微鏡transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)

四方的tetragonal配位數(shù)coordinationnumber晶胞unitcell(化合)價valence

共價鍵covalentbonding離子鍵Ionicbonding原子面密度atomicplanardensity

合金alloy顯微結(jié)構(gòu)microstructure掃描電子顯微鏡scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)

重量百分數(shù)weightpercent單斜的monoclinic晶體結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷(defectofcrystalstructure)

缺陷defect,imperfection線缺陷linedefect,dislocation體缺陷volumedefect

位錯線dislocationline螺位錯screwdislocation晶界grainboundaries

小角度晶界tiltboundary,位錯陣列dislocationarray位錯軸dislocationaxis

位錯爬移dislocationclimb位錯滑移dislocationslip位錯裂紋dislocationcrack

位錯密度dislocationdensity間隙原子interstitialatom間隙位置interstitialsites

弗倫克爾缺陷Frenkeldisorder主晶相thehostlattice締合中心AssociatedCenters.

電子空穴ElectronHoles克羅各-明克符號KrogerVinknotation

固溶體solidsolution化合物compound

置換固溶體substitutionalsolidsolution不混溶固溶體immisciblesolidsolution

有序固溶體orderedsolidsolution固溶強化solidsolutionstrengthening

點缺陷pointdefect面缺陷interfacedefect位錯排列dislocationarrangement

刃位錯edgedislocation混合位錯mixeddislocation大角度晶界high-anglegrainboundaries

孿晶界twinboundaries位錯氣團dislocationatmosphere位錯胞dislocationcell

位錯聚結(jié)dislocationcoalescence位錯核心能量dislocationcoreenergy

位錯阻尼dislocationdamping原子錯位substitutionofawrongatom

晶格空位vacantlatticesites雜質(zhì)impurities肖脫基缺陷Schottkydisorder

錯位原子misplacedatoms自由電子FreeElectrons

伯格斯矢量Burgers中性原子neutralatom

固溶度solidsolubility間隙固溶體interstitialsolidsolution

金屬間化合物intermetallics轉(zhuǎn)熔型固溶體peritecticsolidsolution

無序固溶體disorderedsolidsolution取代型固溶體Substitutionalsolidsolutions

過飽和固溶體supersaturatedsolidsolution非化學(xué)計量化合物Nonstoichiometriccompound

表面結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)(structureandpropertyofsurface)表面surface

同相界面homophaseboundary

晶界grainboundary

小角度晶界lowanglegrainboundary

共格孿晶界coherenttwinboundary

錯配度mismatch

重構(gòu)reconstuction

表面能surfaceenergy

扭轉(zhuǎn)晶界twistgrainboundary

共格界面coherentboundary

非共格界面noncoherentboundary

應(yīng)變能strainenergy

慣習(xí)面habitplane

界面interface

異相界面heterophaseboundary

表面能surfaceenergy

大角度晶界highanglegrainboundary

晶界遷移grainboundarymigration

馳豫relaxation

表面吸附surfaceadsorption

傾轉(zhuǎn)晶界titltgrainboundary

倒易密度reciprocaldensity

半共格界面semi-coherentboundary

界面能interfacialfreeenergy

晶體學(xué)取向關(guān)系crystallographicorientation

非晶態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)(structureandpropertyofuncrystalline)

熔體結(jié)構(gòu)structureofmelt

玻璃態(tài)vitreousstate

粘度viscosity

介穩(wěn)態(tài)過渡相metastablephase

淬火quenching

玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses

過冷液體supercoolingmelt

軟化溫度softeningtemperature

表面張力Surfacetension

組織constitution

退火的softened

體積收縮volumeshrinkage

擴散(diffusion)

活化能activationenergy

濃度梯度concentrationgradient

菲克第二定律Fick’ssecondlaw

穩(wěn)態(tài)擴散steadystatediffusion

擴散系數(shù)diffusioncoefficient

填隙機制interstitalcymechanism

短路擴散short-circuitdiffusion

下坡擴散Downhilldiffusion

擴散通量diffusionflux

菲克第一定律Fick’sfirstlaw

相關(guān)因子correlationfactor

非穩(wěn)態(tài)擴散nonsteady-statediffusion

跳動幾率jumpfrequency

晶界擴散grainboundarydiffusion

上坡擴散uphilldiffusion

互擴散系數(shù)Mutualdiffusion

滲碳劑carburizing

濃度分布曲線concentrationprofile

驅(qū)動力drivingforce

自擴散self-diffusion

空位擴散vacancydiffusion

擴散方程diffusionequation

擴散特性diffusionproperty

達肯方程Darkequation

本征熱缺陷Intrinsicthermaldefect

離子電導(dǎo)率Ion-conductivity

濃度梯度concentrationgradient

擴散流量diffusionflux

間隙擴散interstitialdiffusion

表面擴散surfacediffusion

擴散偶diffusioncouple

擴散機理diffusionmechanism

無規(guī)行走Randomwalk

柯肯達爾效應(yīng)Kirkendallequation

本征擴散系數(shù)Intrinsicdiffusioncoefficient

空位機制Vacancyconcentration

腐蝕與氧化（corrodingandoxidation）

氧化反應(yīng)Oxidationreaction

還原反應(yīng)Reductionreaction

價電子Valenceelectron

腐蝕介質(zhì)Corrodingsolution

電動勢Electricpotential

推動力Thedrivingforce

腐蝕系統(tǒng)Corrodingsystem

腐蝕速度Corrosionpenetrationrate

電流密度Currentdensity

電化學(xué)反應(yīng)Electrochemicalreaction

極化作用Polarization

過電位Theovervoltage

濃差極化Concentrationpolarization

電化學(xué)極化Activationpolarization

極化曲線Polarizationcurve

緩蝕劑Inhibitor

原電池galvaniccell

電偶腐蝕galvaniccorrosion

電位序galvanicseries

應(yīng)力腐蝕Stresscorrosion

沖蝕Erosion-corrosion

腐蝕短裂Corrosioncracking

防腐劑Corrosionremover

腐蝕電極Corrosiontarget

隙間腐蝕Crevicecorrosion

均勻腐蝕Uniformattack

晶間腐蝕Intergranularcorrosion

焊縫破壞Welddecay

選擇性析出Selectiveleaching

氫脆損壞Hydrogenembitterment

陰極保護Catholicprotection

穿晶斷裂Intergranularfracture

固相反應(yīng)和燒結(jié)(solidstatereactionandsintering)

固相反應(yīng)solidstatereaction

燒成fire

再結(jié)晶Recrystallization

成核nucleation

子晶，雛晶mattedcrystal

異質(zhì)核化heterogeneousnucleation

鐵碳合金iron-carbonalloy

鐵素體ferrite

共晶反應(yīng)eutecticreaction

燒結(jié)sintering

合金alloy

二次再結(jié)晶Secondaryrecrystallization

結(jié)晶crystallization

耔晶取向seedorientation

均勻化熱處理homogenizationheattreatment

滲碳體cementite

奧氏體austenite

固溶處理solutionheattreatment

相變(phasetransformation)

過冷supercooling

晶核nucleus

形核功nucleationenergy

均勻形核homogeneousnucleation

形核率nucleationrate

熱力學(xué)函數(shù)thermodynamicsfunction

臨界晶核criticalnucleus

枝晶偏析dendriticsegregation

平衡分配系數(shù)equilibriumdistributioncoefficient

成分過冷constitutionalsupercooling

共晶組織eutecticstructure

偽共晶pseudoeutectic

表面等軸晶區(qū)chillzone

中心等軸晶區(qū)equiaxedcrystalzone

急冷技術(shù)splatcooling

單晶提拉法Czochralskimethod

位錯形核dislocationnucleation

斯賓那多分解spinodaldecomposition

馬氏體相變martensitephasetransformation

成核機理nucleationmechanism

過冷度degreeofsupercooling

形核nucleation

晶體長大crystalgrowth

非均勻形核heterogeneousnucleation

長大速率growthrate

臨界晶核半徑criticalnucleusradius

局部平衡localizedequilibrium

有效分配系數(shù)effectivedistributioncoefficient

引領(lǐng)（領(lǐng)先）相l(xiāng)eadingphase

層狀共晶體lamellareutectic

離異共晶divorsedeutectic

柱狀晶區(qū)columnarzone

定向凝固unidirectionalsolidification

區(qū)域提純zonerefining

晶界形核boundarynucleation

晶核長大nucleigrowth

有序無序轉(zhuǎn)變disordered-ordertransition

馬氏體martensite

成核勢壘nucleationbarrier

相平衡與相圖（PhaseequilibriumandPhasediagrams）

相圖phasediagrams

組分component

相律Phaserule

濃度三角形Concentrationtriangle

成分composition

相平衡phaseequilibrium

熱力學(xué)thermodynamics

吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule

吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy

吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy

熱力學(xué)函數(shù)thermodynamicsfunction

過冷supercooling

杠桿定律leverrule

相界線phaseboundaryline

共軛線conjugatelines

相界反應(yīng)phaseboundaryreaction

相組成phasecomposition

金相相組織phaseconstentuent

相襯顯微鏡phasecontrastmicroscope

相分布phasedi