MOOC 英語語音-上海師范大學(xué) 中國大學(xué)慕課答案

MOOC英語語音-上海師范大學(xué)中國大學(xué)慕課答案AchievementTest11、問題：Thesoftpalateisalsocalled__________選項：A、velumB、uvulaC、epiglottisD、trachea正確答案:【velum】2、問題：Thebackofthetonguehelpstoproduce__________sounds.選項：A、velarB、dentalC、alveolarD、palatal正確答案:【velar】3、問題：/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/areproducedwiththehelpof__________.選項：A、theupperteethandinnerlowerlipB、theupperandlowerlipC、thetonguetiponorclosetothealveolarridgeD、thetipofthetongueraisedclosetothehardpalate正確答案:【theupperandlowerlip】4、問題：Thesoundsproducedwiththehelpoftheupperteetharecalled__________sounds.選項：A、bilabialB、labio-dentalC、dentalD、post-alveolar正確答案:【dental】5、問題：Thestudyofspeechorgansisimportanttoknowthenatureof__________.選項：A、speechproductionB、speechcontestC、telegraphicspeechD、publicspeech正確答案:【speechproduction】6、問題：Theorgansthattakepartinproductionofspeechsoundsarecalled__________選項：A、speechproductionB、pharyngealcavityC、nasalcavityD、speechorgans正確答案:【speechorgans】7、問題：Thepositionalvariantsofthesamephonemeareknownas__________.選項：A、soundsB、vowelsC、consonantsD、allophones正確答案:【allophones】8、問題：InEnglish,[l]and[?]areallophonesofthephoneme/l/becausetheyoccurin___________________,i.e.,theyneverappearinthesamesoundcontexts.[l]alwaysoccursbeforevowels(asinthewordleaf,look),while[?]comesaftervowelsandbeforeconsonants(asinthewordfeel,cold).選項：A、freevariationB、aminimalsetC、complementarydistributionD、regionaldifferences正確答案:【complementarydistribution】9、問題：UsingthediacriticsprovidedbytheIPA,_____________transcriptioncapturesasmanyaspectsofaspecificpronunciationaspossibleandmakesverysubtledistinctionsbetweensounds.選項：A、broadB、narrowC、phoneticD、conventional正確答案:【narrow】10、問題：/p/and/b/canappearininitialposition(asinpinandbin)andalsoinfinalposition(asinropeandrobe)．Theyareinphonemiccontrastandsaidtoforma_______________becausetheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddistinguishmeaning.選項：A、complementarydistributionB、allophonicdistributionC、minimalpairD、segmentalphoneme正確答案:【minimalpair】AchievementTest21、問題：Likealllanguagesintheworld,Englishphonemesarealsodividedintovowelsandconsonants.Thedistinctionbetweenthetwoliesintheobstructionof__________.選項：A、mouthB、airstreamC、noseD、vocalcords正確答案:【airstream】2、問題：The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.選項：A、RenownedB、RespectedC、RespectableD、Received正確答案:【Received】3、問題：Thevowel__________canbedescribedaslow,front,andunrounded,butthefeature“unrounded”isusuallyomittedbecauseallfrontvowelsinEnglishareunrounded.選項：A、/?/B、/e/C、/i:/D、/?/正確答案:【/?/】4、問題：Syllabically,althoughadiphthongisacombinationoftwovowelsounds,andthetongueglidesintheproductionofit,itisperceivedasonephoneme,nottwo.Thus,diphthongsaretreatedashavingone__________only.選項：A、stressB、syllableC、vowelD、allophone正確答案:【syllable】5、問題：Wordssuchasfire/fa??/,flour/fla??/,orloyal/l???l/areconsideredbythenativeEnglishspeakerstohaveonlyonesyllable,whereashigher/ha??/andplayer/ple??/aremorelikelytobeheardwithdisyllabicrealizationsbecausethethirdvowelisa__________.選項：A、triphthongB、suffixC、monophthongD、diphthong正確答案:【suffix】6、問題：Intheproductionofaconsonantsound,theairstreamfromthelungsmeetsnoobstructionofanykindinthethroat,thenose,orthemouth,whileinthepronunciationofavowel,theairstreamfromthelungsisobstructedinonewayoranother.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】7、問題：DanielJonesworkedoutasetofCardinalVowelsthatstudentslearningphoneticscouldbetaughttoproduce,theaimofwhichistogiveanapproximatepictureofthedegreeanddirectionofthetonguemovementinvolved.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】8、問題：/i:/and/?/arebothhighfrontvowels,but/i:/isabitlowerandmoreforwardthan/?/.Inaddition,/i:/istenseinthattherootofthetongueismoreadvancedthanwith/?/,whichislax.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】9、問題：Englishdiphthongsaredividedintobothfallingdiphthongs(thefirstvowelsoundispronouncedlonger,louderandstrongerthanthesecondone),andrisingdiphthongs(thesecondsoundisproducedlongerandstrongerthanthefirst選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】10、問題：Iftwoadjacentvowelsoundsoccurindifferentsyllables—forexample,intheEnglishwordre-elect(/?ri:??lekt/)—theresultisdescribedashiatusnotasadiphthong.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】Achievementtests31、問題：Consonantsareformedbyinterrupting,narrowingordivertingtheairflowinavarietyofways.TherearethreewaysofclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsounds:__________ofarticulation,mannerofarticulationandvoicing.選項：A、placeB、obstructionC、aspirationD、vibration正確答案:【place】2、問題：Whentheletterncomebeforegork,itispronouncedas/?/asinstrong,bang,thank,drink.However,whengisfollowedbyeori,theletternisreadas/n/asinstrange,stranger,arrange,longitudebecausethelettergispronouncedas__________.選項：A、/?/B、/?/C、/?/D、/?/正確答案:【/?/】3、問題：RPhastwoallophonicvariantsof/r/.Oneisretroflex[r],andtheotheristaporflap[?].Inthepronunciationofretroflex[r],thetonguecurlsbackwardandretroflexesatthe__________.選項：A、frontB、centralC、tipD、root正確答案:【tip】4、問題：The/r/maybereplacedbyanalveolartap[?]inintervocalicpositions(e.g.very,sorry,tomorrow)andinword-final/r/__________withaninitialvowel(e.g.faraway).選項：A、connectingB、joiningC、insertingD、linking正確答案:【linking】5、問題：Generallyspeaking,plosivesoundsundergothreestages:theclosingstage,thecompressionstageandthe__________stage.選項：A、releaseB、unreleasedC、aspiratedD、unaspirated正確答案:【release】6、問題：Themannerofarticulationreferstothewayinwhichtheairstreamisobstructed.Forexample,withplosivesounds,thearticulationactsinsuchawaythattheairistemporarilytrapped,andthensuddenlyreleased.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】7、問題：Generallyspeaking,theplaceandthemannerofarticulationarethetwocommonfeaturesofanylanguagesexceptthevoicing,whichislanguagespecific.Forexample,voicingisadistinctivefeatureofMandarinChinese,whereasaspirationisthedistinctivefeatureofEnglish.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】8、問題：Plosivesoccurwhentheairstreamisblockedorstoppedcompletelybeforeitsrelease.Theyarealsoknownasstopsbecausetheyinvolvethecompleteblockageoftheairstream.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】9、問題：Thesound/?/remainsunchangedatthewordboundarieswhereitisfollowedbyawordbeginningwithavowelsoundasinbringit(/br???t/)andsingusasong(/s???s?s??/).However,inthecaseofadjectives,theaddingofthesuffixes–eror-esttothecomparativeandsuperlativedegreeofthewordslongerandlongesthaschangedthepronunciationof/?/into/?ɡ/.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】10、問題：Withintheclassofapproximants,lateral/l/andretroflex/r/arefurtherdistinguishedfromsemi-vowels/j/and/w/.Thisisbecause/j/and/w/aremadewithoutarestrictiontotheairflow.Theyarephoneticallylikeconsonantsbutphonologicallylikevowels.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】Achievementtests41、問題：ThegeneraldistributionofRPconsonantsisthatallconsonantscanoccurattheinitialpositionassingletonsexcept/n/,andthatallconsonantscanappearatthefinalpositionassingletonsexcept/h,w,j,r/.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】2、問題：Thedark[?]hastwotypesofdistributions.Oneisinword-finalposition,aftervowel,asincallandreal,andalsoaftervowel,beforeconsonant,suchascoldandhelp.Theotherissyllabic[??]:e.g.littleandtable.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】3、問題：Both‘clear’[l]and‘dark’[?]areformedwiththetipofthetonguetouchingtheteethridge.Theonlydifferenceisthatinthearticulationofthe‘clear’[l],thebackpartofthetongueisraisedtowardsthehardpalate.Inthearticulationofthe‘dark’[?],thefrontpartofthetongueisraisedtowardsthesoftpalateandslightlyvelarised,withaconcaveuppersurface.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】4、問題：Withintheclassofapproximants,lateral/l/andretroflex/r/arefurtherdistinguishedfromsemi-vowels/j/and/w/.Thisisbecause/j/and/w/aremadewithoutarestrictiontotheairflow.Theyarephoneticallylikeconsonantsbutphonologicallylikevowels.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】5、問題：Affricatesoccurwhenacompleteclosureismadesomewhereinthemouth,andthesoftpalateisraised.Airpressureincreasesbehindtheclosure,andisthenreleasedmoreslowlythaninplosives.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】6、問題：Thesound/?/remainsunchangedatthewordboundarieswhereitisfollowedbyawordbeginningwithavowelsoundasinbringit(/br???t/)andsingusasong(/s???s?s??/).However,inthecaseofadjectives,theaddingofthesuffixes–eror-esttothecomparativeandsuperlativedegreeofthewordslongerandlongesthaschangedthepronunciationof/?/into/?ɡ/.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】7、問題：Inaudible(incomplete)releaseofplosivesreferstotheprocessofarticulationofaplosiveisnotcomplete.Ithasonlytwostages,namely,theclosureandthecompression,withouttherelease.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】8、問題：Generallyspeaking,theplaceandthemannerofarticulationarethetwocommonfeaturesofanylanguagesexceptthevoicing,whichislanguagespecific.Forexample,voicingisadistinctivefeatureofMandarinChinese,whereasaspirationisthedistinctivefeatureofEnglish.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】9、問題：Englishdiphthongsaredividedintobothfallingdiphthongs(thefirstvowelsoundispronouncedlonger,louderandstrongerthanthesecondone),andrisingdiphthongs(thesecondsoundisproducedlongerandstrongerthanthefirst選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】10、問題：Iftwoadjacentvowelsoundsoccurindifferentsyllables—forexample,intheEnglishwordre-elect(/?ri:??lekt/)—theresultisdescribedashiatusnotasadiphthong.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】Achievementtest51、問題：Theminimumunitofspeechisasyllable.Syllableshaveaminimumofone(asinthewordair/e?/),andamaximumof__________structuralparts(asinthewordtext/tekst/).選項：A、twoB、threeC、fourD、five正確答案:【three】2、問題：__________consonantsareconsonantswhichformthenucleusofasyllablethatdoesnotcontainavowel.選項：A、NasalB、LateralC、ApproximantD、Syllabic正確答案:【Syllabic】3、問題：Infact,theformationofsyllabicconsonantshasmuchtodowiththe__________principle,aterminauditoryphoneticsfortheoverallloudnessofasoundrelativetoothersofthesamepitch,stressandduration.選項：A、sonorityB、maximumC、minimumD、articulatory正確答案:【sonority】4、問題：TheVandCVsyllablesarereferredtoasa/an__________syllablebecausetheyendwithavowel.選項：A、closedB、combinationC、openD、r-syllable正確答案:【open】5、問題：Statementsofwhatsequencesmayormaynotoccurarecalled__________.Thefulldescriptionofsuchconstraintsiscalledphonotactics.選項：A、regularitiesB、constraintsC、rulesD、restrictions正確答案:【constraints】6、問題：Syllablesareunitsoflanguage,smallerthanawordbutlargerthanaphoneme,andeverylanguageissaidtohavesyllables.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】7、問題：Phonologicaltreatmentsofsyllablestructureusuallycallthefirstpartofasyllabletheonset,themiddlepartthenucleusandtheendpartthecoda.Thecombinationofnucleusandcodaiscalledtherhyme.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】8、問題：Asyllabicconsonantistobeinterpretedphonologicallyas/?/plusaconsonant,butphoneticallyastheunder-stroke[??]combiningverticallinebelowaconsonant.Thus,thewordbuttonisphonologically['b?tn?]butphonetically/'b?t?n/.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】9、問題：NotallEnglishvowelphonemescanoccurintheCVsyllablepattern,butallcanappearintheCVCpattern.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】10、問題：Englishhasacomplexsystemofconsonantclusters,inwhichtwoormoreconsonantsoccurinsequenceinonsetorcodaposition.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】Achievementtests61、問題：__________stressistherelativedegreeofforcegiventoacertainsyllableinawordofmorethanonesyllablewhenitispronouncedinisolation,asifquotedfromadictionary.選項：A、NuclearB、WordC、TonicD、Sentence正確答案:【W(wǎng)ord】2、問題：Stressedsyllablesbearfourphysiologicalproperties:loudness,vowelduration,pitchandvowel__________.選項：A、intensityB、reductionC、quantityD、quality正確答案:【quality】3、問題：Absenceofstressonasyllable,oronawordinsomecases,isfrequentlyassociatedinEnglishwithvowel__________,thechangesthatresultfromunstressedsyllables.選項：A、reductionB、qualityC、loudnessD、pitch正確答案:【reduction】4、問題：__________,onthewhole,donothavemucheffectontheplacementofthebaseorrootelement.選項：A、AffixesB、PrefixesC、DerivationD、Suffixes正確答案:【Prefixes】5、問題：Therearetwotypesof-ing+nouncombinations.Foronetype,the-ingformservesasamodifierofthenounandexpressesthepurposeofthenoun;forinstance,dining-roommeanstheroomfordining.Insuchcircumstances,thewordstressalwaysfallsonthe___________element.選項：A、firstB、secondC、eitherD、neither正確答案:【first】6、問題：SomewordsinEnglishareshownindictionariesashavingthreelevelsofstress:primary,secondary,unstressedorweak.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】7、問題：Ineverylexicalword,andinsomegrammaticalwords,onesyllableisidentifiedashavingprimarystress,thoughinmonosyllablesthestressisnotgenerallymarked.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】8、問題：Wordstressistheframeworkuponwhichsentencestressandintonationcontourisbuilt.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】9、問題：Thepitchmovementisassociatedwithsecondarystress,butnotwithprimarystress.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】10、問題：Themajorstressontwo-syllablewordsismorelikelytofallonthesecondsyllableifthewordisanounoranadjective,andonthefirstsyllableifthewordisaverb.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】Achievementtests1、問題：Stressedsyllablesbearfourphysiologicalproperties:loudness,vowelduration,pitchandvowel__________.選項：A、quantityB、intensityC、reductionD、quality正確答案:【quality】2、問題：Infact,theformationofsyllabicconsonantshasmuchtodowiththe__________principle,aterminauditoryphoneticsfortheoverallloudnessofasoundrelativetoothersofthesamepitch,stressandduration.選項：A、sonorityB、maximumC、minimumD、articulatory正確答案:【sonority】3、問題：InEnglish,[l]and[?]areallophonesofthephoneme/l/becausetheyoccurin___________________,i.e.,theyneverappearinthesamesoundcontexts.[l]alwaysoccursbeforevowels(asinthewordleaf,look),while[?]comesaftervowelsandbeforeconsonants(asinthewordfeel,cold).選項：A、freevariationB、aminimalsetC、complementarydistributionD、regionaldifferences正確答案:【complementarydistribution】4、問題：The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.選項：A、RenownedB、RespectedC、RespectableD、Received正確答案:【Received】5、問題：Stressisbeingusedinamoregeneralway.Itreferstothesyllablethatreceiveslexicalstress.__________,ontheotherhand,isbeingusedinamorespecificway.Itisaplacewhereatonalmarkerwillfallonthelexicallystressedsyllable.選項：A、LoudnessB、IntensityC、AccentD、Emphasis正確答案:【Accent】6、問題：Inmorethanthree-syllablewords,iftheprimarystressfallsonthethirdsyllableorlater,thesecondarystressareusuallymarkedononeoftheprecedingsyllables,forexample,introduction//?ntr?d?k?n/andeducation/e?uke??n/.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】7、問題：WordstressinEnglishisnotaspredictableasitisinotherlanguages,andtherefore,thestressplacementinEnglishwordsisnotrule-governe選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】8、問題：Phonologicaltreatmentsofsyllablestructureusuallycallthefirstpartofasyllabletheonset,themiddlepartthenucleusandtheendpartthecodThecombinationofnucleusandcodaiscalledtherhyme.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】9、問題：NotallEnglishvowelphonemescanoccurintheCVsyllablepattern,butallcanappearintheCVCpattern.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】10、問題：Incodaposition,themaximumnumberofclustersisfour.Manyclustersoftwoorthreeandvirtuallyallclusteroffouraretheresultofaddingaplural/s,z/orapasttense/t,d/inflectiontoastemendingintwoorthreeconsonants選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】Achievementtests81、問題：Thenotionofrhythmcomesfromtheunstressedsyllables.WordandsentencestresscombinetocreatetherhythmofanEnglishutterance.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】2、問題：Justasinmusic,spokenEnglishmovesinregular,rhythmicbeatsfromstresstostress–irrespectiveofhowmanyunstressedsyllablesfallinbetween.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】3、問題：Arhythmgroupcontainsmorethanonestressedsyllable,togetherwithunstressedsyllablesclusteringaboutitornone.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】4、問題：Anyunstressedsyllablesthatmaycomebeforethefirstrhythmgroupdonotbelongtoanystress-group.Theyarethestrongbeatandarereadasquicklyaspossible.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】5、問題：ChineselearnersofEnglisharelikelytoassignequalweighttoeachsyllable,regardlessofwhetherthesyllableisstressedorunstressed.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】6、問題：Theepenthesis(orinsertion)ofglides[j,w]occursbecausetheyaretheleastmarkedepentheticconsonantsinhiatusposition.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】7、問題：Anon-rhoticspeakerwillpronouncewordslikefaras/fɑ?r/,whereasarhoticspeakerdoesnotpronounce[r]atallunlessfollowedbyavowel.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】8、問題：Forrhoticspeakers[r]ispronouncedjustbecausefarhasan[r]init,butfornon-rhoticspeakers[r]appearsinfarawaybecausethefirstwordendswithavowelandthesecondwordbeginswithavowel,namely,the[r]linksthetwowordstogether.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】9、問題：Vowelswhichtrigger[r]-insertionnevertrigger[j]-insertionor[w]-insertion.Eachglidehasitsowndomain,althoughthedomainsexemptshortstressedvowels/e,?,?,?,?/,whichneveroccurword-finallyinEnglish.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】10、問題：Generallyspeaking,theassimilationinvolvesbothvowelsandconsonants,particularlyacrosswordboundaries,butwithinwordstoo.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】Achievementtests91、問題：Englishintonationhasthreesystemicfeatures:tonality,tonicityandtone.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】2、問題：Apublicspeakertendstopauselessfrequentlytomaketheirmessageclearerormoreemphatic.Bycontrast,ifthespeakeriscommunicatingurgency,hemaycontainmorebreaks.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】3、問題：Nomatterinspontaneousconversationorinmaterialreadaloud,thespeakermustpauseataproperplacewhereitmakessensebecausetheintonationphraseboundarymayacttodifferentiatebetweentwopossiblemeanings.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】4、問題：Thenucleus,alsoknownasnuclearsyllableortonicsyllable,thesyllablethatbearsthenucleartone(afall,rise,fall-riseorrise-fall).選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】5、問題：Accenthaspotentialityforstress.Itinvolveshowaprominenceissupposedtobemade,whilestressreferstowhyaprominenceisplacedinacertainpositionofanintonationphrase.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】6、問題：Pragmaticreasonsfordeaccentingthe‘lastcontentword’involveoldorrepeatedinformation,namely,wordsexpressknownorgiveninformation.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】7、問題：Somewordshavelittlemeaningoftheirown.Theirmeaningcanbeinferredfromcertaincontext.Suchwordsareusuallynotaccentedeventhoughtheyarethelastcontentwords.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】8、問題：Wheneverypartofanintonationphraseisbroughtintofocus,wehavenarrowfocus.Ifwefocusonlyononeparticularpart,wehavebroadfocus.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】9、問題：Afallmayindicatedefiniteness,arisemaysuggestsomeimplications,andafall-risemayimplyincompleteness.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】10、問題：Insentencenon-finalpositionthedifferenceintonemeaningbetweenlowrise,highrise,fall-riseormidleveltonevarietiesisnotgreat.Sometimesspeakersjustseemtoringthechangesbetweenthemtoavoidrepetition.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】Achievementtests101、問題：Iftherearesyllablefollowingthenucleus(i.e.thetail),therisingpitchmovementdoesnothappenwhollyonthenuclearsyllable,asinthecaseofafall.Rather,thesyllableorsyllablesofthetailwillcontinuetomoveupwardsfromthepitchofthenuclearsyllable.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】2、問題：Thepitchmovementforafall,eitherhighorlow,isallinonedirection,namelydownwards.Oftentherearesyllablesafterthenucleus,atail.Afterafallingnucleus,thetailisalwayshigh.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】3、問題：Inacomplexlowlevelhead,thereisnoupwardmovementinthehead.Theonsetandalltheremainingsyllablesoftheheadareutteredonalowpitch.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】4、問題：Asimpleheadisonethatcontainsonlyonestressedsyllable,whileacomplexheadscontainstwoormorestressedsyllables.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】5、問題：Theheaddoesnotnecessarilyconsistofacompleteword.Theyareusuallyspokenwithafairlylowlevelpitch.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】6、問題：Bydefinition,thepreheadcontainsnostressedsyllables,butoccasionally,preheadmayincludeasyllablethatislexicallystressedbutthatthespeakerchoosesnottostress.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】7、問題：Thepreheaddoesnotnecessarilyconsistofacompleteword.Theyareusuallyspokenwithafairlyhighlevelpitch.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】8、問題：Therelativeheightofthepitchrangewilldependonthefrequencyofvibrationofthevocalcords:thehigherthefrequencyofvibration,thelowerthepitch.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】9、問題：AlthougheveryIPcontainsanucleus,notallIPscontainaprehead,headoratail.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】10、問題：AcompleteIP,accordingtoJohnWells(2006),consistsoffourconstituentelements,namely,theprehead,thehead,thenucleusandthetail.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【正確】期末考試1、問題：Thesoftpalateisalsocalled__________.選項：A、uvulaB、epiglottisC、tracheaD、velum正確答案:【velum】2、問題：/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/areproducedwiththehelpof__________.選項：A、theupperteethandinnerlowerlipB、theupperandlowerlipC、thetonguetiponorclosetothealveolarridgeD、thetipofthetongueraisedclosetothehardpalate正確答案:【theupperandlowerlip】3、問題：Thestudyofspeechorgansisimportanttoknowthenatureof__________.選項：A、speechproductionB、speechcontestC、telegraphicspeechD、publicspeech正確答案:【speechproduction】4、問題：Thepositionalvariantsofthesamephonemeareknownas__________.選項：A、soundsB、vowelsC、consonantsD、allophones正確答案:【allophones】5、問題：UsingthediacriticsprovidedbytheIPA,_____________transcriptioncapturesasmanyaspectsofaspecificpronunciationaspossibleandmakesverysubtledistinctionsbetweensounds.選項：A、broadB、narrowC、phoneticD、conventional正確答案:【narrow】6、問題：Likealllanguagesintheworld,Englishphonemesarealsodividedintovowelsandconsonants.Thedistinctionbetweenthetwoliesintheobstructionof__________.選項：A、mouthB、airstreamC、noseD、vocalcords正確答案:【airstream】7、問題：The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.選項：A、RenownedB、RespectedC、RespectableD、Received正確答案:【Received】8、問題：Thevowel__________canbedescribedaslow,front,andunrounded,butthefeature“unrounded”isusuallyomittedbecauseallfrontvowelsinEnglishareunrounded.選項：A、/?/B、/e/C、/i:/D、/?/正確答案:【/?/】9、問題：Syllabically,althoughadiphthongisacombinationoftwovowelsounds,andthetongueglidesintheproductionofit,itisperceivedasonephoneme,nottwo.Thus,diphthongsaretreatedashavingone__________only.選項：A、stressB、syllableC、vowelD、allophone正確答案:【syllable】10、問題：Thedurationofadiphthongissimilartothatofa__________vowel.選項：A、shortB、laxC、longD、high正確答案:【long】11、問題：Consonantsareformedbyinterrupting,narrowingordivertingtheairflowinavarietyofways.TherearethreewaysofclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsounds:__________ofarticulation,mannerofarticulationandvoicing.選項：A、placeB、obstructionC、aspirationD、vibration正確答案:【place】12、問題：WhenwediscusstheEnglishconsonant,webeginwithvoicingfirst,thentheplaceofarticulationandlastly,themannerofarticulation.Thesound__________,forinstance,issaidbrieflyasvoicelesspalate-alveolaraffricate.選項：A、/?/B、/?/C、/?/D、/?/正確答案:【/?/】13、問題：__________releasereferstotheairusedtoproducethestopisreleasedthroughthenoseratherthanthemouth,namely,thevelumisloweredbeforethestopclosureisremovedandtheairpressurewillbereleasedthroughthenoseinsteadofthemouth.選項：A、LateralB、InaudibleC、IncompleteD、Nasal正確答案:【Nasal】14、問題：Fricativesoundscanbemaintainedaslongasthereisairinthelungs;forthisreasontheyareknownas__________.選項：A、obstruentsB、continuantsC、sibilantsD、sonorant正確答案:【continuants】15、問題：RPhastwoallophonicvariantsof/r/.Oneisretroflex[r],andtheotheristaporflap[?].Inthepronunciationofretroflex[r],thetonguecurlsbackwardandretroflexesatthe__________.選項：A、frontB、centralC、tipD、root正確答案:【tip】16、問題：Theminimumunitofspeechisasyllable.Syllableshaveaminimumofone(asinthewordair/e?/),andamaximumof__________structuralparts(asinthewordtext/tekst/).選項：A、twoB、threeC、fourD、five正確答案:【three】17、問題：__________consonantsareconsonantswhichformthenucleusofasyllablethatdoesnotcontainavowel.選項：A、NasalB、LateralC、ApproximantD、Syllabic正確答案:【Syllabic】18、問題：TheVandCVsyllablesarereferredtoasa/an__________syllablebecausetheyendwithavowel.選項：A、closedB、combinationC、openD、r-syllable正確答案:【open】19、問題：With__________clustersofthreeconsonants,thefirstsoundisalways/s/,thesecondsoundisavoicelessplosive/p,t,k/,andthethirdsoundisoneofthefourapproximants/l,r,w,j/.選項：A、codaB、nucleusC、onsetD、rhyme正確答案:【onset】20、問題：Therearecaseswhereaconsonantoraclustercouldbeeitherthecodatothefirstsyllableofaword,ortheonsettothesecond,wecansaythatitfulfilsbothfunctions,forinstance,the/b/inrabbit,the/st/inposting,the/n/and/m/incinema.Thisisknownas___________.選項：A、syllabicityB、bi-syllabicityC、syllabificationD、ambisyllabicity正確答案:【ambisyllabicity】21、問題：Intheproductionofaconsonantsound,theairstreamfromthelungsmeetsnoobstructionofanykindinthethroat,thenose,orthemouth,whileinthepronunciationofavowel,theairstreamfromthelungsisobstructedinonewayoranother.選項：A、正確B、錯誤正確答案:【錯誤】22、問題：DanielJonesworkedoutasetofCardinalVowe