電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯 課件 13-Overvoltage and Lightning Shielding、14-Faults on Power System

電力專業(yè)英語(13)OvervoltageandLightningShielding參考教材：朱永強.電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯.機械工業(yè)出版社，2024-06BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem1.Concretely,powersystemareoftensubjectedtoovervoltagesthathavetheirorigininatmosphericdischargesinwhichcasetheyarecalledexternalovervoltages,ortheyaregeneratedinternallybyconnectingordisconnectingthesystem,orduetothesystemfaultinitiationorextinction.嘗試翻譯1.Concretely,powersystemareoftensubjectedtoovervoltagesthathavetheirorigininatmosphericdischargesinwhichcasetheyarecalledexternalovervoltages,ortheyaregeneratedinternallybyconnectingordisconnectingthesystem,orduetothesystemfaultinitiationorextinction.生詞adv.

具體地concretelyn.消滅[除]extinction翻譯具體地，電力系統(tǒng)常常遭受起源于大氣放電的過電壓，那種情況下稱為外部過電壓；或者（過電壓）在內部產生，由于連接或斷開系統(tǒng)，或是由于系統(tǒng)故障的產生和消除。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明that引導的定語從句修飾的主體是overvoltages。而inwhichcase引導的定語從句修飾的主體是整個that從句，其中whichcase指代that從句的具體內容，they指代overvoltages。在ortheyaregeneratedinternally中，they也指代overvoltages，而generated后面除了副詞internally之外還有兩個由or連接的介賓短語作為狀語，分別以by和dueto開頭。為了便于理解，該句子可以拆解為：Concretely,powersystemareoftensubjectedtoovervoltages;theovervoltageshavetheirorigininatmosphericdischarges;inthiscasetheyarecalledexternalovervoltages;orovervoltagesaregeneratedinternallybyconnectingordisconnectingthesystem;orovervoltagesaregeneratedinternallyduetothesystemfaultinitiationorextinction.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem2.Hence,withincreasingthesystem’soperatingvoltageapointisreachedwhentheswitchingovervoltagesbecamethedominantfactorindesigningthesystem’sinsulationuptoapproximately300kV.嘗試翻譯2.Hence,withincreasingthesystem’soperatingvoltageapointisreachedwhentheswitchingovervoltagesbecamethedominantfactorindesigningthesystem’sinsulationuptoapproximately300kV.生詞n.

主要因素dominantfactor

翻譯因此，隨著系統(tǒng)運行電壓提高，達到一點，此時操作過電壓成為高達300kV左右的系統(tǒng)絕緣設計的主要因素。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明出現(xiàn)在介詞with后面的動名詞短語increasingthesystem’soperatingvoltage在翻譯時可以按照主謂結構來理解，即thesystem’soperatingvoltageincreasing。由when引導的定語從句修飾的主體是point，在翻譯是可以進行適當?shù)恼Z序調整。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem3.Theamplitudesareveryhigh,usuallyintheorderof1000kVandevenmoreintothetransmissionline;eachstrokeisthenmaximuminsulationstrengthoftheoverheadline.嘗試翻譯3.Theamplitudesareveryhigh,usuallyintheorderof1000kVandevenmoreintothetransmissionline;eachstrokeisthenmaximuminsulationstrengthoftheoverheadline.生詞n.

架空線overheadline

翻譯幅度很大，通常進入輸電線的在1000kV量級甚至更多；每一擊都達到架空線的最大絕緣強度。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明詞組intheorderof表示“在……量級”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem4.Therateofvoltageriseofsuchatravelingwaveisatitsorigindirectlyproportionaltothesteepnessofthelightningcurrent,whichmayexceed100kA/μs,asthevoltagelevelsmaysimplebecalculatedbythecurrentmultipliedbytheeffectivesurgeimpedanceoftheline.嘗試翻譯4.Therateofvoltageriseofsuchatravelingwaveisatitsorigindirectlyproportionaltothesteepnessofthelightningcurrent,whichmayexceed100kA/μs,asthevoltagelevelsmaysimplebecalculatedbythecurrentmultipliedbytheeffectivesurgeimpedanceoftheline.生詞n.

陡度steepness

翻譯這種行波的電壓上升率起初直接與雷電電流的陡度（可能會超過100kA/μs）成正比這是因為電壓水平可以簡單地通過電流與線路的有效電涌阻抗相乘來計算。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明atitsorigin表示“最初”。beproportionalto表示“與…成比例”。which引導的定語從句修飾的主體是steepness，當其前后的內容聯(lián)系比較緊密時，翻譯時可以將這種定語從句的內容放在括號中說明。becalculatedby表示“通過…計算”，而multipliedby表示“與…相乘”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem5.ThesetypesofovervoltagesarealsoeffectiveintheLVdistributionsystems,wheretheyareeitherproducedbytheusuallysometimescurrent-limitingswitchesorwheretheyhavebeentransmittedfromtheHVdistributionsystems.嘗試翻譯5.ThesetypesofovervoltagesarealsoeffectiveintheLVdistributionsystems,wheretheyareeitherproducedbytheusuallysometimescurrent-limitingswitchesorwheretheyhavebeentransmittedfromtheHVdistributionsystems.生詞v.傳輸；使通過transmit翻譯這些種類的過電壓在低壓配電系統(tǒng)也有影響，在那里它們要么偶爾是由限流開關引起，要么是從高壓配電系統(tǒng)傳入。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明effective在此表示“有影響的”。either…or…表示“要么…要么…”。兩個由where引導的定語從句修飾的主體都是theLVdistributionsystems。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem6.Adefinitionadoptedbymanyauthorsdescribesatemporaryovervoltage(TOV)asanoscillatoryphase-to-groundorphase-to-phaseovervoltageofrelativelongdurationatagivenlocationwhichisundampedorweaklydampedincontrasttoswitchingandlightningovervoltageswhichareusuallyhighlyorveryhighlydampedandofshorttimes.嘗試翻譯6.Adefinitionadoptedbymanyauthorsdescribesatemporaryovervoltage(TOV)asanoscillatoryphase-to-groundorphase-to-phaseovervoltageofrelativelongdurationatagivenlocationwhichisundampedorweaklydampedincontrasttoswitchingandlightningovervoltageswhichareusuallyhighlyorveryhighlydampedandofshorttimes.生詞v.

阻尼；使衰減damp

BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem被很多作者采用的一個定義將暫態(tài)過電壓描述為：在指定位置，具有相對較長的持續(xù)時間，振蕩的，無阻尼或弱阻尼的，相對地或相間過電壓，與通常強阻尼或很強阻尼且為期較短的操作過電壓和雷電過電壓相反。翻譯BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明句中出現(xiàn)了兩處相同詞語省略情況。在switchingandlightningovervoltages中省略了switching后面的overvoltages，在highlyorveryhighlydamped中省略了第一個highly后面的damped。詞組incontrastto表示“與……相反，與相對”。句子的復雜之處在于，phase-to-phase后面那個overvoltage同時帶有5個不同結構的定語，分別是①oscillatory，②phase-to-groundorphase-to-phase，③ofrelativelongduration，④atagivenlocation，⑤whichisundampedorweaklydamped。在譯成中文時，一定要保證句子通順，并盡量符合中文表述習慣。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem7.Examplesaretheneutraldisplacementinbadlydesignedstar-connectedvoltagetransformers,arcinggroundphenomenainsystemswithinsulatedneutralsandtheresonancephenomenaappearingasaresultoftheopen-circuitingofoneortwophasesinathree-phasesystemwhichcanbeinitiatedbyfaultycircuitbreakersorbrokenconductors.嘗試翻譯7.Examplesaretheneutraldisplacementinbadlydesignedstar-connectedvoltagetransformers,arcinggroundphenomenainsystemswithinsulatedneutralsandtheresonancephenomenaappearingasaresultoftheopen-circuitingofoneortwophasesinathree-phasesystemwhichcanbeinitiatedbyfaultycircuitbreakersorbrokenconductors.生詞n.

諧振，共振resonanceBasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明句子的主語很短，而謂語部分be動詞帶了三個并列的賓語，每一個賓語都有各自的定語。這種情況下，如果仍按原來的句子結構翻譯，不易保證三個賓語都與主語有正確的連接關系。因此，可以Examplesare把就譯為“例如：”，可以涵蓋三個賓語。翻譯例如：設計粗糙的星接電壓互感器的中性點位移，中性點不接地的系統(tǒng)中的電弧接地現(xiàn)象，三相系統(tǒng)中由斷路器故障或導體損壞引起的一相或兩相斷路導致的諧振現(xiàn)象。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem8.Thearcextinguishingabilityoftubetypearresterisrelatedtothesizeofpowerfrequencycontinuouscurrent,whichismostlyusedforlightningprotectiononpowersupplylines.嘗試翻譯8.Thearcextinguishingabilityoftubetypearresterisrelatedtothesizeofpowerfrequencycontinuouscurrent,whichismostlyusedforlightningprotectiononpowersupplylines.生詞n.

管型避雷器tubulararrester翻譯管型避雷器的滅弧能力與工頻續(xù)流的大小有關，大多用在供電線路上作避雷保護。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明“powerfrequencycontinuouscurrent”是工頻續(xù)流的意思，句子“whichis..”是which引導的非限制性定語從句，起到補充說明的作用。本課程參考教材：朱永強《電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯》機械工業(yè)出版社2024-06電力專業(yè)英語(14)FaultsonPowerSystem參考教材：朱永強.電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯.機械工業(yè)出版社，2024-06BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem1.Intermsoftheseriousnessofconsequencesofafault,shortcircuitsareoffargreaterconcernthanopencircuits,althoughsomeopencircuitsmaypresentapotentialhazardtopersonnel.嘗試翻譯1.Intermsoftheseriousnessofconsequencesofafault,shortcircuitsareoffargreaterconcernthanopencircuits,althoughsomeopencircuitsmaypresentapotentialhazardtopersonnel.生詞n.

全體人員，職員personnel

翻譯盡管某些斷路會給人們帶來潛在危害，但根據故障后果的嚴重性，短路遠遠比斷路更值得關注。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明Intermsof表示“根據，按照，在……方面”。farmorethan表示“遠勝于”，其中more代指形容詞的比較級形式。offargreaterconcernthan表示“遠比…重要，遠比…值得關注”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem2.Explosionswhichmayoccurinequipmentcontaininginsulatingoilduringashortcircuitandwhichmaycausefireresultinginaserioushazardtopersonnelanddamagetootherequipment.嘗試翻譯2.Explosionswhichmayoccurinequipmentcontaininginsulatingoilduringashortcircuitandwhichmaycausefireresultinginaserioushazardtopersonnelanddamagetootherequipment.生詞n.

爆炸；爆破explosion翻譯含有絕緣油的設備在短路時會引發(fā)爆炸和火災，這會對人們造成嚴重危害，也會破壞其他設備。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明名詞短語中，當短語主體名詞所帶的定語較長、較多或較為復雜時，可以轉為主謂結構的句子進行翻譯，某些或全部定語不再當作定語，而作為謂語使用。為便于理解，上述句子可以分別拆解為下述兩種形式：Explosionsmayoccurinequipmentcontaininginsulatingoilduringashortcircuitandmaycausefireresultinginaserioushazardtopersonnelanddamagetootherequipment.Explosions,whichmayoccurinequipmentcontaininginsulatingoilduringashortcircuit,maycausefireresultinginaserioushazardtopersonnelanddamagetootherequipment.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem3.Disruptionintheentirepowersystemserviceareabyasuccessionofprotectiveactiontakenbydifferentprotectionsystems,anoccurrenceknownascascading.嘗試翻譯3.Disruptionintheentirepowersystemserviceareabyasuccessionofprotectiveactiontakenbydifferentprotectionsystems,anoccurrenceknownascascading.生詞一連串asuccessionof

翻譯由不同保護系統(tǒng)采取的一連串保護動作引起的整個電力系統(tǒng)供電區(qū)的斷電，即大家知道的級聯(lián)現(xiàn)象。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明詞組asuccessionof表示“一連串”。knownas表示“作為……被人所知”，可以譯為“大家知道的，眾所周知的”。anoccurrence是disruption的同位語。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem4.Asageneralrule,thefaultclearancetimewillincreasethelowerthedistributionvoltagelevel.嘗試翻譯4.Asageneralrule,thefaultclearancetimewillincreasethelowerthedistributionvoltagelevel.生詞n.

間隙；清除；清理clearance翻譯通常，配電電壓水平越低，故障切除時間越長。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明詞組asarule表示“通常，一般”。這個句子是句型themore1…themore2…的變形，其中more1和more2代指形容詞或副詞的比較級。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem5.ThesePILSSWAcablesaresteadilybeingreplacedbyplasticinsulatedcables,whichwillresultinageneralincreaseinearthimpedancesforsuchurbansystems.嘗試翻譯5.ThesePILSSWAcablesaresteadilybeingreplacedbyplasticinsulatedcables,whichwillresultinageneralincreaseinearthimpedancesforsuchurbansystems.生詞adv.有隔熱(或隔音、絕緣)保護的insulated翻譯這些PILSSWA電纜被塑料絕緣電纜逐步替換，能夠全面提高城市系統(tǒng)對地阻抗。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明steadily表示“穩(wěn)定地,有規(guī)則地”。replacedby表示“取代,以...代替”。ageneralincrease意思是全面提高。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem6.Oncetheionizedpathtogroundisestablished,theresultantlowimpedancetogroundallowstheflowofpowercurrentfromtheconductortogroundandthroughthegroundtothegroundedneutralofatransformerorgenerator,thuscompletingthecircuit.嘗試翻譯6.Oncetheionizedpathtogroundisestablished,theresultantlowimpedancetogroundallowstheflowofpowercurrentfromtheconductortogroundandthroughthegroundtothegroundedneutralofatransformerorgenerator,thuscompletingthecircuit.生詞v.

(使)電離，離子化ionized

翻譯接地電離通道一旦建立，其對應的對地低阻抗會使電流從導線流入大地，并經過大地流入變壓器或者發(fā)電機的接地中線，從而形成一個完整回路。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem7.Thebusimpedancematrixispreferredbysomeengineersforload-flowstudiesbutfindsitsgreatestvalueinfaultcalculations.嘗試翻譯7.Thebusimpedancematrixispreferredbysomeengineersforload-flowstudiesbutfindsitsgreatestvalueinfaultcalculations.生詞阻抗矩陣impedancematrix翻譯一些工程師喜歡用結點阻抗矩陣研究電力潮流，但是阻抗矩陣的最大價值在于故障計算。或者：結點阻抗矩陣被一些工程師首選用在潮流研究上，但卻在故障計算中找到了其最大價值。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明Busimpedancematrix是整個句子的主語，is…和finds分別做表語和謂語。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSyst