職稱英語理工類a級模擬18

職稱英語理工類A級模擬18

第1部分：詞匯選項

下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子后面

所給的4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

1>Shewasapuzzle.

A.girlB.woman

C.problemD.mystery

2、Herspecialityisheartsurgery.

A.regionB.site

C.fieldD.platform

3、FrancehaskeptintimatelinkswithitsformerAfricanterritories.

A.friendlyB.private

C.strongD.secret

4、Youshouldhaveblendedthebutterwiththesugarthoroughly.

A.spreadB.mixed

C.beatenD.covered

5、TheindustrialrevolutionmodifiedthewholestructureofEnglishsociety.

A.destroyedB.broke

C.SmashedD.changed

6、Ticketsarelimitedandwillbeallocatedtothosewhoapplyfirst.

A.postedB.sent

C?givenD.handed

7>Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculous.

A.conservative,B.amazing

C.insignificantD.unforgettable

8、Customersoftendeferpaymentforaslongaspossible.

A,makeB.demand

C.postponeD.obtain

9、Canadawillprohibitsmokinginallofficeslaterthisyear.

A.banB.remove

C.eliminateD.expel

10、Shereadapoemwhichdepictsthesplendorofthesunset.

A.declaresB.asserts

C.describesD.announces

11>Frommystandpointfthisthingisjustridiculous.

A.fieldB.pointofview

C.knowledgeD.information

12>Thelatestcensusisencouraging.

A.statementB.assessment

C.evaluationD.count

13>Thecuriouslooksfromthestrangersaroundhermadeherfeeluneasy.

A.differentB.proud

C.uncomfortableD.unconscious

14、Readingthejobad,hewonderedwhetherhewaseligibletoapplyforit.

A.ableB.fortunate

C.qualifiedD.competent

15>Hewaselevatedtothepostofprimeminister.

A.pulledB.promoted

C.liftedD.treated

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句

提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信

息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

MonarchwithoutaKingdom

ThisNovember,ahundredmillionbutterflieswilldropfromtheskyover

Mexico,likeautumnleaves.Butforhowlong?Geneticallymodifiedmaize（玉

米）couldmeanextinctionforthisbeautifulbutterfly,RafaelRuizreports.

Althoughitsbodyisabout3cmlonganditonlyweighs1gm,theMonarch

butterflymanagestotravel5,000kmeachyear.Itseemstobesofragile,

butitslongjourneysareproofofitsamazingabilitytosurvive.Thisautumn,

theMonarchbutterflywilloncemoresetoutonitsjourneyfromtheUS.It

willkeepgoinguntilitreachesMexico.Ittravelsthesehugedistancesto

escapethecoldweatherinthenorth.

InNovember,millionsofMonarchsfalllikebrightzgoldenrainontothe

forestsinthemountainsofcentralMexico.Inthesilenceofthesemountains

youcanhearastrangeflapping（拍動）ofwingszastheMonarchsarriveat

theirdestination.Inthemountains,whichreachaheightof3,000metres,

thebutterfliesaresafe.

Beforereachingtheirjourney*sendtheyhavefacedstrongwinds,rain.

andsnowstormsandtheydonotallmanagetoreachtheirdestination.When

thewintersarereallybad,perhaps70percentofthemwillnotsurvive.

TheirlongjourneytoMexicoisthoughttobeoneofthemostamazingevents

inthewholeoftheAmericancontinent.Whentheygettheretheywillstay

untilthebeginningofAprilzwhentheirinternalcalendartellsthemthat

itistimetogoback.Thelongjourney,withallitsdangers,beginsagain.

Thesedelicatecreaturesnowfacedangerofanotherkind-fromscientific

progress.IntheUS,millionsoffarmsgrowgeneticallymodifiedmaizewhich

ispurepoisonforthebutterfly.Laboratoryexperimentshaveshownthathalf

ofthebutterflieswhichfeedontheleavesofgeneticallymodifiedmaize

diewithin48hours.Notallexpertsagreethatthisvarietyofmaizeis

responsibleforthethreattotheMonarchs.Inspiteofthesedoubts,the

EuropeanUnionhasrefusedtoapprovenewcropsofgeneticallymodifiedmaize

untilfurtherinvestigationshavebeencarriedout.

Greenpeaceiscampaigningagainstgeneticallymodifiedproducts（inSpain,

therearealready20,000hectaresofmodifiedmaize）.Theenvironmental

organizationrecentlypublishedalistof100speciesofbutterflyinEurope

alonewhicharethreatenedwithextinction.

16>TheMonarchbutterflytravels5z000kmeachyear.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>TheMonarchbutterflylooksfragile.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、TheMexicanslikebutterfliesverymuch.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Inbadwinterszabout70percentofthebutterfliescanstayalive.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、InearlyApril,thebutterfliesleavetheirwinterhomesflyingbacknorth.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Geneticallymodifiedmaizeisn1tpoisonoustothebutterflies.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、GeneticallymodifiedproductsarenotpopularinMexico.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有2項測試任務：⑴第23?26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2?5段每

段選擇1個最佳標題：（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選

項。

TheScienceofSport

1Atthe2004OlympicGamesinAthens,theChineseathleteLiuXiangequaled

theworldrecordforthe110metreshurdles（跨欄）whenherantheracein

12.91seconds.Thisrecordtimehadbeensetin1993byBritishsprinter（短

跑運動員）ColinJacksonand9yearswentbybeforeanotherathletewasable

torunasfast.

2Record-breakinginalltrackeventsisslowingdownandweappeartobe

movingmuchclosertothelimitsofhumanperformance.Nevertheless,every

fouryears,recordswhichwerepreviouslythoughttobeunbeatablearebroken.

Sowhat1sbehindthisnever-endingimprovementinperformance?Andhowlong

canwekeepbreakingrecords?istherealimittohumanperformanceorwill

athletescontinuetogainseconds?

3Mostexpertsagreethatitisn*ttheathletes*bodieswhichhavechanged

butthehugeadvancesinsportsciencewhichhaveenabledthemtoimprove

theirperformances.Theindividualathleteobviouslyhastohavethenecessary

skillanddeterminationtosucceed,butthehelpofscienceandtechnology

canbesignificant.Researchhasbroughtabetterunderstandingoftheathlete1s

bodyandmindbuttheadvancesinsportsequipmenttechnologyhavealsohad

animportantimpactonhumanperformance.

4Scientistshaveshownthatanathlete1sbody*sneedsvaryaccordingto

thetypeofsport.Thisresearchhashelpedtopsportspeopletoadapttheir

trainingprogrammeanddietbettertotheirparticularneeds.Runningthe

marathonandcycling,forexample,areendurance（耐力）sportsandrequire

adifferentparathion（硝苯硫磷月旨）tothatofa100-metrasprinter.Insome

sports,changesintechniqueshavesignificantlyimprovedperformance.

5Butinanysport,aplayer1ssuccessorfailureresultsfromacombination

ofbothphysicalandmentalabilities.Mostcoachesusepsychologicaltechniques

tohelptheirathletescopewithstressandconcentrateontheirperformance.

Forexample,theEnglishfootballteamlistenstomusicinthechangingrooms

beforeagametohelptheplayersrelaxandnotfeelsonervous.Beforea

difficultmatch,tennisplayersareencouragedtousevisualization（想象）

techniquestobuildconfidenceandthisisalmostasgoodaspractice.

6Butassciencebeginstodominatesportzareweindangeroflosingsight

oftheheartofthecompetition,thesportingchallenge?What1smore,are

alltheseadvantagesfair?

23、Paragraph2.

ADifferentsportsrequiredifferenttrainingprograms.

BSciencemaybetooimportanttoday.

CSportsequipmenthasbeenimprovedalot.

DAthletesarestillbreakingrecords.

ESportsciencehelpsimproveathletes1performances.

FMentaltrainingisasimportantasphysicaltraining.

24、Paragraph3.

25、Paragraph4.

26、Paragraph5.

27、Itismoredifficultfortoday1sathletes.

Atoavoidpsychologicaltechniques

Btobreakrecords

Ctobetterunderstandtheathlete1sbodyandmind

Dtotimeandspace

Etobereplacingthesportingchallenge

Ftohumanperformance

28、Wedon11knowifthereisalimit.

29、Researchhashelpedcoaches.

30>Scientificadvancesaresuspected.

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

第一篇

IstheTieaNecessity?

Ties,orneckties,havebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritain

forcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswith

them.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.

So,arethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties?

Maybe.Lastweek,theUK*sCabinetSecretaryJkndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomed

atielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest

12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives.

InfactzBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktail

party.Manyofthemwerecelebrities（知名人士）withoutties,whichwouldhave

beenunimaginableevenintherecentpast.

ForsomemoreconservativeBritish,thetieisamustforproperappearance.

Earlier,LaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhave

hischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghan,the

tiewasasignofbeingcomplete,ofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedto

wearatiewhengoingtochurch,toworkintheoffice,toaparty-almost

everysocialoccasion.

Buttoday,peoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformal

occasions.

Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimply

a"band".Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman1sneck.Itappearedin

finerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashion

statement.Theirneckwear（頸飾）impressedCharles工工，thekingofEngland

whowasexiled（流放）toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin

1660,hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim.

Itwasn*t,however,untilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmen

introducedamorecolorfulzflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecame

knownasthetie.Then,clubs,militaryinstitutionsandschoolsbeganto

usecoloredandpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer1smembershipinthe

late19thcentury.Afterthat,thetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothing

forBritishgentlemen.

Butnow,evengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anyway,thedayfeels

abiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyou

andyourmood.

31>Thetiesymbolizesallofthefollowingexcept

A.respect.

B.elegance.

C.politeness.

D.democracy.

32、WhydoesBlairsometimesshowupinaformaleventwithoutatie?

A.Becausehewantstomakeashow.

B.Becausehewantstoattractattention.

C.Becausetiesarecostly.

D.Becausehewantstoliveinacasualway.

33、WhichofthefollowingisNOTasocialoccasion?

A.Goingtochurch.

B.Goingtoworkintheoffice.

C.Stayingathome.

D.Goingtoaparty.

34、WhobroughttheFrenchmen1sneckweartoBritain?

A.TonyBlair.

B.CharlesII.

C.JimCallaghan.

D.AndrewTurnbull.

35、WhendidBritishgentlemenbegintoweartiesregularly?

A.Afterthelate19c"century.

B.Inthe1630s.

C.In1660.

D.Inthelate18c-century.

弟一^扁

WhereHaveAlltheFrogsGone?

Inthe1980s,scientistsaroundtheworldbegantonoticesomethingstrange：

Frogsweredisappearing.Morerecentresearchhasshownthatmanykindsof

amphibians（兩棲動物）aredecliningorhavebecomeextinct.Theyhavebeenaround

foralongtime-over350millionyears.Whyaretheydyingoutnow?

Scientistsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthisquestion.Firstofall,

amphibiansareanimportantsourceofscientificandmedicalknowledge.By

studyingamphibianszscientistshavelearnedaboutnewsubstancesthatcould

beveryusefulfortreatinghumandiseases.Furtherresearchcouldleadto

manymorediscoverieszbutthatwillbeimpossibleiftheamphibiansdisappear.

Themostseriousaspectofamphibianlosszhowever,goesbeyondthe

amphibiansthemselves.Scientistsarebeginningtothinkaboutwhatamphibian

declinemeansfortheplanetasawhole.Iftheearthisbecomingunlivable

foramphibians,isitalsobecomingunlivableforotherkindsofanimalsand

humanzbeingsaswell?

Scientistsnowbelievethatamphibiandeclineisduetoseveral

environmentalfactors.Oneofthesefactorsisthedestructionofhabitat,

thenaturalareawhereananimallives.Amphibiansareverysensitivetochanges

intheirhabitat.Iftheycannotfindtherightconditionsztheywillnot

laytheireggs.Thesedayszaswildareasarecoveredwithhouses,roads,

farmszorfactories,manykindsofamphibiansarenolongerlayingeggs.For

example,thearroyotoad（蟾蛛）ofsouthernCaliforniawillonlylayitseggs

onthesandybottomofaslow-movingstream.Thereareveryfewstreamsleft

insouthernCalifornia,andthosestreamsareoftenmuddybecauseofbuilding

projects.Notsurprisingly,thearroyotoadisnowindangerofextinction.

Thereareanumberofotherfactorsinamphibiandecline.Pollutionis

oneofthem.Inmanyindustrialareaszairpollutionhaspoisonedtherain,

whichthenfallsonpondsandkillsthefrogsandtoadsthatlivethere.In

farmingareas,theheavyuseofchemicalsoncropshasalsokilledoffamphibians.

Anotherfactoristhatairpollutionhasledtoincreasedlevelsofultraviolet

（UV）light.Thisendangersamphibians,whichseemtobeespeciallysensitive

toUVlight.Andfinally,scientistshavediscoveredanewdiseasethatseems

tobekillingmanyspeciesofamphibiansindifferentpartsoftheworld.

Allthesereasonsforthedisappearanceofamphibiansarealsogoodreasons

formoregeneralconcern.Thedestructionofland,thepollutionoftheair

andthewater,thechangesinouratmosphere,thespreadofdiseases-these

factorsaffecthumanbeings,too.Amphibiansareespeciallysensitiveto

environmentalchange.Perhapstheyarelikethecanary（金絲雀）birdthatcoal

minersonceusedtotakedownintotheminestodetectpoisonousgases.When

thecanarybecameiiiordied,theminersknewthatdangerousgaseswerenear

andtheirownliveswereindanger.

36、Losingamphibiansmeanslosing

A.knowledgeaboutfatalhumandiseases.

B.knowledgeaboutairandwaterpollution.

C.achancetodiscovernewmedicines.

D.anopportunitytodetectpoisonousgases.

37、Amphibianslaytheireggs

A.inanystreamtheycanfind.

B.inplaceswithoutUVlight.

C.onlyonsand.

D.onlyintherightconditions.

38^Thearroyotoadisdisappearingbecause

A.ithasbeenthreatenedbyfrogs.

B.itislosingitshabitat.

C.adiseasehasbeenkillingitseggs.

D.itcan11bearthecoldofwinter,

39、Coalminersonceusedthecanarybirdtodetect

A.poisonousgases.

B.airpollution.

C.waterleakage.

D.radiation.

40、Scientiststhinkthatthedeclineofamphibianscould

A.causeenvironmenta1change.

B.causeadeclineinotherkindsofanimals.

C.beawarningsignalforhumanbeings.

D.beagoodsignforhumanbeings.

XR------^植

ControllingRobotswiththeMind

Belle,ourtinymonkey,wasseatedinherspecialchairinsideachamber

atourDukeUniversitylab.Herrighthandgraspedajoystick（操縱桿）asshe

watchedahorizontalseriesoflightsonadisplaypanel.Sheknewthatif

alightsuddenlyshoneandshemovedthejoystickleftorrighttocorrespond

toitsposition,shewouldbesentadropoffruitjuiceintohermouth.

Belleworeacapgluedtoherhead.Underitwerefourplasticconnectorsz

whichfedarraysofmicrowires-eachwirefinerthanthefinestsewingthread-

intodifferentregionsofBelle*smotorcortex（腦皮層）,thebraintissuethat

plansmovementsandsendsinstructions.Eachofthe100microwireslaybeside

asinglemotorneuron（神經(jīng)元）.Whenaneuronproducedanelectricaldischarge,

theadjacentmicrowirewouldcapturethecurrantandsenditupthrougha

smallwiringbundlethatranfromBelle1scaptoaboxofelectronicsona

tablenexttothebooth.Thebox,inturn,waslinkedtotwocomputerszone

nextdoorandtheotherhalfacountryaway.

Aftermonthsofhardwork,wewereabouttotesttheideathatwecould

reliablytranslatetherawelectricalactivityinalivingbeing1sbrain-

Belle*smerethoughts-intosignalsthatcoulddirecttheactionsofarobot.

Wehadassembledamultijointedrobotarminthisroom,awayfromBelle1s

view,whichshewouldcontrolforthefirsttime.AssoonasBelle*sbrain

sensedalitspotonthepanel,electronicsintheboxrunningtworeal-time

mathematicalmodelswouldrapidlyanalyzethetinyactionpotentialsproduced

byherbraincells.Ourlabcomputerwouldconverttheelectricalpatterns

intoinstructionsthatwoulddirecttherobotarm.Sixhundredmilesnorth,

inCambridge,Mass,adifferentcomputerwouldproducethesameactionsin

anotherrobotarmbuiltbyMandayamA.Srinivasan.Ifwehaddoneeverything

correctly,thetworobotarmswouldbehaveasBelle'sarmdid,atexactly

thesametime.

Finallythemomentcame.WerandomlyswitchedonlightsinfrontofBelle,

andsheimmediatelymovedherjoystickbackandforthtocorrespondtothem.

OurrobotarmmovedsimilarlytoBelle1srealarm.SodidSrinivasan1s.Belle

andtherobotsmovedinsynchrony（同步），likedancerschoreographed（設計

舞蹈動作）bytheelectricalimpulsessparkinginBelle1smind.

Inthetwoyearssincethatday,ourlabsandseveralothershaveadvanced

neuroscience,computerscienceandmicroelectronicstocreatewaysforratsz

monkeysandeventuallyhumanstocontrolmechanicalandelectronicmachines

purelyby"thinkingthrough,norimaginingthemotions.Ourimmediategoal

istohelpapersonwhohasbeenunabletomovebyaneurological（神經(jīng)的）

disorderorspinalcord（脊髓）injury,butwhosemotorcortexisspared,to

operateawheelchairoraroboticlimb.

41>Bellewouldbefedsomefruitjuiceifshe

A.graspedthejoystick.

B.movedthejoysticktothesideofthelight.

C.satquietlyinaspecialchair.

D.watchedlightsonadisplaypanel.

42、ThewiresfixedunderBelle1scapwereconnectedto

A.aplasticboxnextdoor.

B.acomputeratCambridgeUniversity.

C.aboxofelectronicsinthebooth.

D.aboxwhich,inturn,waslinkedtotwocomputers.

43、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftherobotbuiltbySrinivasan?

A.Itwasdirectedbysignalsconvertedfromtheelectricalactivityin

Belle*sbrain.

B.Itconvertedtheelectricalpatternsintoinstructionsfortheother

robot.

C.ItwassixhundredmilesawayfromwhereBellewas.

D.ItcouldperformthesamefunctionasBelledid.

44、Whichofthefollowingstatementsindicatesthesuccessoftheexperiment?

A.Bellerespondedtotherobotssuccessfully,