2016年12月四級(jí)真題第2套

淘寶店鋪：光速考研工作室機(jī)密*啟用前大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandFour—(2016年12月第2套)試題冊(cè)敬告考生一、在答題前，請(qǐng)認(rèn)真完成以下內(nèi)容:1.請(qǐng)檢查試題冊(cè)背面條形碼粘貼條、答題卡的印刷質(zhì)量，如有問題及時(shí)向監(jiān)考員反映，確認(rèn)無誤后完成以下兩點(diǎn)要求。2.請(qǐng)將試題冊(cè)背面條形碼粘貼條揭下后粘貼在答題卡1的條形碼粘貼框內(nèi)，并將姓名和準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在試題冊(cè)背面相應(yīng)位置。3.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1和答題卡2指定位置用黑色簽字筆填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名和學(xué)校名稱，并用HB-2B鉛筆將對(duì)應(yīng)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)的信息點(diǎn)涂黑。二、在考試過程中，請(qǐng)注意以下內(nèi)容:1.所有題目必須在答題卡上規(guī)定位置作答，在試題冊(cè)上或答題卡上非規(guī)定位置的作答一律無效。2.請(qǐng)?jiān)谝?guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)在答題卡指定位置依次完成作文、聽力、閱讀、翻譯各部分考試，作答作文期間不得翻閱該試題冊(cè)。聽力錄音播放完畢后，請(qǐng)立即停止作答，監(jiān)考員將立即收回答題卡1，得到監(jiān)考員指令后方可繼續(xù)作答。3.作文題內(nèi)容印在試題冊(cè)背面，作文題及其他主觀題必須用黑色簽字筆在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。4.選擇題均為單選題，錯(cuò)選、不選或多選將不得分，作答時(shí)必須使用HB-2B鉛筆在答題卡上相應(yīng)位置填涂，修改時(shí)須用橡皮擦凈。三、以下情況按違規(guī)處理:1.未正確填寫(涂)個(gè)人信息，錯(cuò)貼、不貼、毀損條形碼粘貼條。2.未按規(guī)定翻閱試題冊(cè)、提前閱讀試題、提前或在收答題卡期間作答。3.未用所規(guī)定的筆作答、折疊成毀損答題卡導(dǎo)致無法評(píng)卷。4.考試期間在非聽力考試時(shí)間佩戴耳機(jī)。全國(guó)大學(xué)英語四、六級(jí)考試委員會(huì)

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistoworkinastate-ownedbusinessandtheotherinajointventure.Youaretomakeachoicebetweenthetwo.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourchoice.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A.Tosatisfythecuriosityoftourists.B.Toreplacetwooldstonebridges.C.ToenabletouriststovisitGoatIsland.D.Toimproveutilityservicesinthestate.2.A.Countlesstreelimbs.B.Afewskeletons.C.Lotsofwreckedboatsandships.D.Millionsofcoinsonthebottom.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A.ItsuspendeddiplomaticrelationswithLibya.B.IturgedtouriststoleaveTunisiaimmediately.C.ItshutdowntwobordercrossingswithLibya.D.ItlaunchedafierceattackagainstIslamicState.4.A.AdviseTunisianciviliansonhowtotakesafetyprecautions.B.Trackdowntheorganizationresponsiblefortheterroristattack.C.TrainqualifiedsecuritypersonnelfortheTunisiangovernment.D.DeviseamonitoringsystemontheTunisianborderwithLibya.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A.Anenvironment-friendlybattery.B.Anenergy-savingmobilephone.C.Aplant-poweredmobilephonecharger.D.Adevicetohelpplantsabsorbsunlight.6.A.Whilesittingintheirschool'scourtyard.B.Whileplayinggamesontheirphones.C.Whilesolvingamathematicalproblem.D.Whiledoingachemicalexperiment.7.A.Itincreasestheapplicationsofmobilephones.B.Itspeedsuptheprocessofphotosynthesis.C.Itimprovesthereceptionofmobilephones.D.Itcollectstheenergyreleasedbyplants.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A.HevisitedtheworkshopsintheGrimsbyplant.B.Hecalledthewomanandleftheramessage.C.Heusedstand-insasreplacementsonalllines.D.Heaskedatechniciantofixthebrokenproductionline.9.A.Itisthemostmodernproductionline.B.Itassemblessuper-intelligentrobots.C.Ithasstoppedworkingcompletely.D.Itisgoingtobeupgradedsoon.10.A.Toseekherpermission.B.Toplaceanorderforrobots.C.Torequesthertoreturnatonce.D.ToaskforTom'sphonenumber.11.A.Sheisonduty.B.Sheishavingherdayoff.C.Sheisonsickleave.D.Sheisabroadonbusiness.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A.Hesavedababyboy'slife.B.Hewantedtobeasuperhero.C.Hepreventedatraincrash.D.Hewasawitnesstoanaccident.13.A.Hehasa9-month-oldboy.B.Heiscurrentlyunemployed.C.Heenjoystheinterview.D.Hecommutesbysubway.14.A.Arockonthetracks.B.Amisplacedpushchair.C.Astrongwind.D.Aspeedingcar.15.A.Shestoodmotionlessinshock.B.Shecriedbitterly.C.Shecalledthepoliceatonce.D.Sheshoutedforhelp.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A.Sheinheritedherfamilyice-creambusinessinBillings.B.Shelovedtheice-creambusinessmorethanteachingprimaryschool.C.Shestartedanice-creambusinesstofinanceherdaughter'seducation.D.Shewantedtohaveanice-creamtruckwhenshewasalittlegirl.17.A.Topreserveatradition.B.Toamuseherdaughter.C.Tohelplocaleducation.D.Tomakesomeextramoney.18.A.Toraisemoneyforbusinessexpansion.B.Tomakehertruckattractivetochildren.C.Toallowpoorkidstohaveice-creamtoo.D.Toteachkidsthevalueofmutualsupport.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A.Thereasonsforimposingtaxes.B.Thevariousservicesmoneycanbuy.C.Thevariousburdensonordinarycitizens.D.Thefunctionofmoneyinthemodemworld.20.A.Educatingandtrainingcitizens.B.Improvingpublictransportation.C.Protectingpeople'slifeandproperty.D.Buildinghospitalsandpubliclibraries.21.A.Byaskingfordonations.B.Bysellingpubliclands.C.Bysellinggovernmentbonds.D.Byexploitingnaturalresources.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A.ItislocatedatthecenteroftheEuropeancontinent.B.Itreliesontourismasitschiefsourceofrevenues.C.Itcontainslessthanasquaremileofland.D.ItissurroundedbyFranceonthreesides.23.A.ItsbeautyisfrequentlymentionedinAmericanmedia.B.ItsrulerPrinceRainiermarriedanAmericanactress.C.ItiswheremanyAmericanmoviesareshot.D.ItisafavoriteplaceAmericansliketovisit.24.A.Tobacco.B.Potatoes.C.Machinery.D.Clothing.25.A.Europeanhistory.B.Europeangeography.C.SmallcountriesinEurope.D.TouristattractionsinEurope.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theoceanisheatingup.That'stheconclusionofanewstudythatfindsthatEarth'soceansnow26heatattwicetheratetheydid18yearsago.Aroundhalfofoceanheatintakesince1865hastakenplacesince1997,researchersreportonlineinNatureClimateChange.Warmingwatersareknownto27tocoralbleaching(珊瑚白化)andtheytakeupmorespacethancoolerwaters,raisingsea28Whilethetopoftheoceaniswellstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto29Theresearchersgathered150yearsofoceantemperaturedatainordertogetabetter30ofheatabsorptionfromsurfacetoseabed.Theygatheredtogethertemperaturereadingscollectedbyeverythingfroma19thcentury31ofBritishnavalshipstomodemautomatedoceanprobes.Theextensivedatasources,32withcomputersimulations(計(jì)算機(jī)模擬),createdatimelineofoceantemperaturechanges,includingcoolingfromvolcanicoutbreaksandwarmingfromfossilfuel33About35percentoftheheattakeninbytheoceansduringtheindustrialeranowresidesata34ofmorethan700meters,theresearchersfound.Theysaythey're35whetherthedeep-seawarmingcanceledoutwarmingatthesea'ssurface.A.absorbB.CombinedC.ContributeD.depthE.emissionsF.excursionG.exploreH.floorI.heightsJ.indifferentK.levelsL.mixedM.pictureN.unsureO.voyageSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheSecrettoRaisingSmartKidsA)Ifirstbegantoinvestigatethebasisofhumanmotivation--andhowpeoplepersevereaftersetbacks--asapsychologygraduatestudentatYaleUniversityinthe1960s.AnimalexperimentsbypsychologistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniahadshownthatafterrepeatedfailures,mostanimalsconcludethatasituationishopelessandbeyondtheircontrol.Aftersuchanexperienceananimaloftenremainspassiveevenwhenitcaneffectchange--astatetheycalledlearnedhelplessness.B)Peoplecanlearntobehelpless,too.Whydosomestudentsgiveupwhentheyencounterdifficulty,whereasotherswhoarenomoreskilledcontinuetostriveandlearn?Oneanswer,Isoondiscovered,layinpeople'sbeliefsaboutwhytheyhadfailed.C)Inparticular,attributingpoorperformancetoalackofabilitydepressesmotivationmorethandoesthebeliefthatlackofeffortistoblame.WhenItoldagroupofschoolchildrenwhodisplayedhelplessbehaviorthatalackofeffortledtotheirmistakesinmath,theylearnedtokeeptryingwhentheproblemsgottough.Anothergroupofhelplesschildrenwhoweresimplyrewardedfortheirsuccessoneasierproblemsdidnotimprovetheirabilitytosolvehardmathproblems.Theseexperimentsindicatedthatafocusoneffortcanhelpresolvehelplessnessandgeneratesuccess.D)Later,Idevelopedabroadertheoryofwhatseparatesthetwogeneralclassesoflearners--helplessversusmastery-oriented.Irealizedthesedifferenttypesofstudentsnotonlyexplaintheirfailuresdifferently,buttheyalsoholddifferent"theories"ofintelligence.Thehelplessonesbelieveintelligenceisafixedcharacteristic:youhaveonlyacertainamount,andthat'sthat.Icallthisa"fixedmind-set(思維模式)."Mistakescracktheirself-confidencebecausetheyattributeerrorstoalackofability,whichtheyfeelpowerlesstochange.Theyavoidchallengesbecausechallengesmakemistakesmorelikely.Themastery-orientedchildren,ontheotherhand,thinkintelligenceisnotfixedandcanbedevelopedthrougheducationandhardwork.Suchchildrenbelievechallengesareenergizingratherthanintimidating(令人生畏);theyofferopportunitiestolearn.Studentswithsuchagrowthmind-setweredestined(注定)forgreateracademicsuccessandwerequitelikelytooutperformtheircounterparts.E)WevalidatedtheseexpectationsinastudyinwhichtwootherpsychologistsandImonitored373studentsfortwoyearsduringthetransitiontojuniorhighschool,whentheworkgetsmoredifficultandthegradingmorestrict,todeterminehowtheirmind-setsmightaffecttheirmathgrades.Atthebeginningofseventhgrade,weassessedthestudents'mind-setsbyaskingthemtoagreeordisagreewithstatementssuchas"Yourintelligenceissomethingverybasicaboutyouthatyoucan'treallychange."Wethenassessedtheirbeliefsaboutotheraspectsoflearningandlookedtoseewhathappenedtotheirgrades.F)Aspredicted,thestudentswithagrowthmind-setfeltthatlearningwasamoreimportantgoalthangettinggoodgrades.Inaddition,theyheldhardworkinhighregard.Theyunderstoodthatevengeniuseshavetoworkhard.Confrontedbyasetbacksuchasadisappointingtestgrade,studentswithagrowthmind-setsaidtheywouldstudyharderortryadifferentstrategy.Thestudentswhoheldafixedmind-set,however,wereconcernedaboutlookingsmartwithlessregardforlearning.Theyhadnegativeviewsofeffort,believingthathavingtoworkhardwasasignoflowability.Theythoughtthatapersonwithtalentorintelligencedidnotneedtoworkhardtodowell.Attributingabadgradetotheirownlackofability,thosewithafixedmind-setsaidthattheywouldstudylessinthefuture,trynevertotakethatsubjectagainandconsidercheatingonfuturetests.G)Suchdifferentoutlookshadadramaticimpactonperformance.Atthestartofjuniorhigh,themathachievementtestscoresofthestudentswithagrowthmind-setwerecomparabletothoseofstudentswhodisplayedafixedmind-set.Butastheworkbecamemoredifficult,thestudentswithagrowthmind-setshowedgreaterpersistence.Asaresult,theirmathgradesovertookthoseoftheotherstudentsbytheendofthefirstsemester--andthegapbetweenthetwogroupscontinuedtowidenduringthetwoyearswefollowedthem.H)Afixedmind-setcanalsohindercommunicationandprogressintheworkplaceanddiscourageorignoreconstructivecriticismandadvice.Researchshowsthatmanagerswhohaveafixedmind-setarelesslikelytoseekorwelcomefeedbackfromtheiremployeesthanaremanagerswithagrowthmind-set.I)Howdowetransmitagrowthmind-settoourchildren?Onewayisbytellingstoriesaboutachievementsthatresultfromhardwork.Forinstance,talkingaboutmathematicalgeniuseswhoweremoreorlessbornthatwayputsstudentsinafixedmind-set,butdescriptionsofgreatmathematicianswhofellinlovewithmathanddevelopedamazingskillsproduceagrowthmind-set.J)Inaddition,parentsandteacherscanhelpchildrenbyprovidingexplicitinstructionregardingthemindasalearningmachine.Idesignedaneight-sessionworkshopfor91studentswhosemathgradesweredecliningintheirfirstyearofjuniorhigh.Forty-eightofthestudentsreceivedinstructioninstudyskillsonly,whereastheothersattendedacombinationofstudyskillssessionsandclassesinwhichtheylearnedaboutthegrowthmind-setandhowtoapplyittoschoolwork.Inthegrowthmind-setclasses,studentsreadanddiscussedanarticleentitled"YouCanGrowYourBrain."Theyweretaughtthatthebrainislikeamusclethatgetsstrongerwithuseandthatlearningpromptsthebraintogrownewconnections.Fromsuchinstruction,manystudentsbegantoseethemselvesasagentsoftheirownbraindevelopment.Despitebeingunawarethatthereweretwotypesofinstruction,teachersreportedsignificantmotivationalchangesin27%ofthechildreninthegrowthmind-setworkshopascomparedwithonly9%ofstudentsinthecontrolgroup.K)Researchisconverging(匯聚)ontheconclusionthatgreataccomplishmentandevengeniusistypicallytheresultofyearsofpassionanddedicationandnotsomethingthatflowsnaturallyfromagift.36.Theauthor'sexperimentshowsthatstudentswithafixedmind-setbelievehavingtoworkhardisanindicationoflowability.37.Focusingoneffortiseffectiveinhelpingchildrenovercomefrustrationandachievesuccess.38.Wecancultivateagrowthmind-setinchildrenbytellingsuccessstoriesthatemphasizehardworkandloveoflearning.39.Students'beliefaboutthecauseoftheirfailureexplainstheirattitudetowardsetbacks.40.Intheauthor'sexperiment,studentswithagrowthmind-setshowedgreaterperseveranceinsolvingdifficultmathproblems.41.Theauthorconductedanexperimenttofindoutabouttheinfluenceofstudents'mind-setsonmathlearning.42.Afterfailingagainandagain,mostanimalsgiveuphope.43.Informingstudentsaboutthebrainasalearningmachineisagoodstrategytoenhancetheirmotivationforlearning.44.Peoplewithafixedmind-setbelievethatone'sintelligenceisunchangeable.45.Intheworkplace,feedbackmaynotbesowelcometomanagerswithafixedmind-set.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.AndD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage."Sugar,alcoholandtobacco,"economistAdamSmithoncewrote,"arecommoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecomeobjectsofalmostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,therefore,extremelypopularsubjectsoftaxation."Twoandahaftcenturieson,mostcountriesimposesomesortoftaxonalcoholandtobacco.Withsurgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrainonpublichealthsystems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoywiththeideaoftaxingsugaraswell.Whethersuchtaxesworkisamatterofdebate.ApreliminaryreviewofMexico'staxationfoundafallinpurchasesoftaxeddrinksaswellasariseinsalesofuntaxedandhealthierdrinks.Bycontrast,aDanishtaxonfoodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amidclaimsthatconsumerswereavoidingitbycrossingthebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesireforcheaper,fattierfare.Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyopposedtosuchdirectgovernmentaction.Nonetheless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesmeansthatindustrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsarehealthyaswellastasty.Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortstoimprovethequalityofitsofferings.Forexample,somedrinkmanufacturershavecuttheamountofsugarintheirbeverages.Manyofthereductionsoverthepast30yearshavebeenachievedeitherbyreducingtheamountofsugar,saltorfatinaproduct,orbyfindinganalternativeingredient.Morerecently,however,somecompanieshavebeeninvestingmoneyinamoreambitiousundertaking:learninghowtoadjustthefundamentalmake-upofthefoodtheysell.Forexample,havingsaltontheoutside,butnoneontheinside,reducesthesaltcontentwithoutchangingthetaste.Whilereformulatingrecipes(配方)isonewaytoimprovepublichealth,itshouldbepartofamulti-sidedapproach.Thekeyistorememberthatthereisnotjustonesolution.Todealwithobesity,amixtureofapproaches--includingreformulation,taxationandadjustingportionsizes--willbeneeded.Thereisnosilverbullet.46.WhatdidAdamSmithsayaboutsugar,alcoholand.tobacco?A.Theywereprofitabletomanufacture.B.Theywereinever-increasingdemand.C.Theyweresubjecttotaxationalmosteverywhere.D.Theywerenolongerconsiderednecessitiesoflife.47.Whyhavemanycountriesstartedtoconsidertaxingsugar?A.Theyareundergrowingpressuretobalancetheirnationalbudgets.B.Theyfinditeverhardertocopewithsugar-inducedhealthproblems.C.Thepracticeoftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopularandprofitable.D.Thesugarindustryisovertakingalcoholandtobaccobusinessingeneratingprofits.48.WhatdowelearnaboutDanishtaxationonfat-richfoods?A.Itdidnotworkoutaswellaswasexpected.B.Itgaverisetoalotofproblemsontheborder.C.ItcouldnotsucceedwithoutGermancooperation.D.Itmetwithfirmoppositionfromthefoodindustry.49.Whatisthemorerecenteffortbyfoodcompaniestomakefoodsanddrinksbothhealthyandtasty?A.Replacingsugarorsaltwithalternativeingredients.B.Settingalimitontheamountofsugarorsaltintheirproducts.C.Investinginresearchtofindwaystoadapttoconsumers'needs.D.Adjustingthephysicalcompositionoftheirproducts.50.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying,attheendofthepassage,"Thereisnosilverbullet"(Line4,Para.7)?A.Thereisnosingleeasyquicksolutiontotheproblem.B.Thereisnohopeofsuccesswithoutpubliccooperation.C.Thereisnohurryinfindingwaystosolvetheobesityproblem.D.Thereisnoeffectivewaytoreducepeople'ssugarconsumption.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youmayhaveheardsomeofthefashionindustryhorrorstories:modelseatingtissuesorcottonballstoholdoffhunger,andmodelscollapsingfromhunger-inducedheartattacksjustsecondsaftertheystepofftherunway.Excessivelyskinnymodelshavebeenapointofcontroversyfordecades,andtworesearcherssayamodel'sbodymassshouldbeaworkplacehealthandsafetyissue.InaneditorialreleasedMondayintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth,KatherineRecordandBrynAustinmadetheircaseforgovernmentregulationofthefashionindustry.Theaverageinternationalrunwaymodelhasabodymassindex(BMI)under16--lowenoughtoindicatestarvationbytheWorldHealthOrganization'sstandard.AndRecordandAustinareworriednotjustaboutthemodelsthemselves,butaboutthevastnumberofgirlsandwomentheirimagesinfluence."Especiallygirlsandteens,"saysRecord."Seventypercentofgirlsaged10to18reportthattheydefineperfectbodyimagebasedonwhattheyseeinmagazines."That'sespeciallyworrying,shesays,giventhatanorexia(厭食癥)resultsinmoredeathsthandoesanyothermentalillness,accordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalH