2024年處理機(jī)調(diào)度實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告

專業(yè)：計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)年級(jí)/班級(jí)：08級(jí)計(jì)科二班—第一學(xué)期課程名稱計(jì)算機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)指導(dǎo)教師本組組員學(xué)號(hào)姓名試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)時(shí)間項(xiàng)目名稱進(jìn)程管理試驗(yàn)類型綜合性一、試驗(yàn)?zāi)康暮鸵?guī)定通過(guò)使用不一樣的算法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)程調(diào)度，運(yùn)用優(yōu)先級(jí)調(diào)度的時(shí)間片輪轉(zhuǎn)算法、先後次序的時(shí)間片輪轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)度算法和先來(lái)先服務(wù)算法來(lái)模擬進(jìn)程調(diào)度的過(guò)程，加深對(duì)進(jìn)程概念和進(jìn)程調(diào)度過(guò)程的理解。在Linux下用C語(yǔ)言編程模擬優(yōu)先級(jí)和時(shí)間片輪轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)程調(diào)度算法。為了清晰地觀測(cè)每個(gè)進(jìn)程的調(diào)度過(guò)程，程序應(yīng)將每個(gè)時(shí)間片內(nèi)的進(jìn)程狀況顯示出來(lái)。二、試驗(yàn)儀器或設(shè)備配有l(wèi)inux操作系統(tǒng)的微型計(jì)算機(jī)一臺(tái)三、總體設(shè)計(jì)（設(shè)計(jì)原理、設(shè)計(jì)方案及流程等）首先，用交互式的過(guò)程來(lái)動(dòng)態(tài)模擬進(jìn)程的調(diào)度過(guò)程。通過(guò)輸入數(shù)字來(lái)按特定的算法模擬處理機(jī)調(diào)度過(guò)程。輸入1時(shí)，按優(yōu)先級(jí)調(diào)度的時(shí)間片輪轉(zhuǎn)算法模擬進(jìn)程調(diào)度；輸入2時(shí)，按先後次序的時(shí)間片輪轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)度算法模擬進(jìn)程調(diào)度；輸入3時(shí)，按先來(lái)先服務(wù)算法模擬進(jìn)程調(diào)度；輸入4時(shí)，退出程序；輸入其他數(shù)字時(shí)，會(huì)顯示信息“YOUHAVENOTCHOOSEANYALGORITHM!”并退出程序。另一方面，為進(jìn)程的信息寄存和進(jìn)程的狀態(tài)設(shè)置必要的數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)造來(lái)寄存。進(jìn)程的信息包括進(jìn)程名、已經(jīng)執(zhí)行的cpu時(shí)間、還需要的cpu時(shí)間、進(jìn)程所處的狀態(tài)和在進(jìn)程隊(duì)列中指向此進(jìn)程的下一種進(jìn)程的指針。這些是上述三個(gè)算法都要用到的。尚有某些信息是某個(gè)算法所特有的，如優(yōu)先級(jí)時(shí)間片輪轉(zhuǎn)算法需要用到進(jìn)程優(yōu)先級(jí)，先後次序的時(shí)間片輪轉(zhuǎn)需要用到得到執(zhí)行的時(shí)間片的個(gè)數(shù)（有的是2個(gè)cpu為一種時(shí)間片，有的是1個(gè)cpu為一種時(shí)間片），先來(lái)先服務(wù)的算法需要用到進(jìn)程到來(lái)時(shí)間。尤其闡明，為了便于描述進(jìn)程所處的狀態(tài)，將進(jìn)程的狀態(tài)用枚舉類型來(lái)寄存。最終，執(zhí)行合適的算法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)調(diào)度過(guò)程。四、試驗(yàn)環(huán)節(jié)（包括重要環(huán)節(jié)、代碼分析等）試驗(yàn)分4次完畢第1次：完畢程序的主框架設(shè)計(jì)，進(jìn)行調(diào)試，驗(yàn)證其對(duì)的性；）第2次：詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)，進(jìn)行調(diào)試，驗(yàn)證其對(duì)的性；第3次：進(jìn)行整體調(diào)試；第4次：驗(yàn)證其設(shè)計(jì)的對(duì)的性，完畢試驗(yàn)匯報(bào)。代碼分析：#include<stdio.h>#include<stdlib.h>#defineP_NUM5#defineP_TIME50enumstate{ ready,//準(zhǔn)備好 execute,//執(zhí)行 block,//阻塞 finish//結(jié)束};structpcbb{ charname[4]; intcometime;//進(jìn)程到來(lái)時(shí)間 intpriority;//數(shù)越大優(yōu)先級(jí)越高 intcputime;//已占用CPU的時(shí)間，也就是該處理機(jī)開(kāi)始工作的時(shí)間 intneedtime;//執(zhí)行時(shí)間 intcount;//得到的時(shí)間片的次數(shù) enumstateprocess; structpcbb*next;};typedefstructpcbbpcb;voiddisplay_menu(){ printf("CHOOSETHEALGORITHM:\n"); printf("1PRIORITY\n"); printf("2ROUNDROBIN\n"); printf("3FIRSTCOMEFISETSERVER\n"); printf("4EXIT\n");}pcb*get_process(){//輸入各個(gè)進(jìn)程，并組合成鏈隊(duì)列處理,返回隊(duì)頭指針 pcb*q;inti=0; pcb*p;//隊(duì)頭指針 pcb*t;//隊(duì)尾指針 printf("inputnameandtime\n"); while(i<P_NUM){ q=(pcb*)malloc(sizeof(pcb)); scanf("%s",q->name); scanf("%d",&q->needtime); q->cputime=0;//cputime初始化為0 q->priority=P_TIME-q->needtime;//所需要的時(shí)間越少優(yōu)先級(jí)越高 q->process=ready;//process的狀態(tài)初始化為ready q->next=NULL; if(i==0){//隊(duì)列中的第一種 p=q; t=q;//隊(duì)尾指針也要處理 } else{//插入到隊(duì)列尾 t->next=q; t=q; } i++; } returnp;}voidfree_process(pcb*p){ pcb*q; while(p!=NULL){//隊(duì)列不空時(shí)，處理隊(duì)頭 q=p; p=p->next; free(q); }}voiddisplay(pcb*p){ printf("namecputimeneedtime priority state\n"); while(p){ printf("%s",p->name); printf(" "); printf("%d",p->cputime); printf(" "); printf("%d",p->needtime); printf(" "); printf("%d",p->priority); printf(" "); switch(p->process){ caseready:printf("ready\n");break; caseexecute:printf("execute\n");break; caseblock:printf("block\n");break; casefinish:printf("finish\n");break; } p=p->next; }}intprocess_finish(pcb*q){//判斷隊(duì)列中有無(wú)進(jìn)程，沒(méi)有返回1，有返回0 intb=1; while(q){ b=b&&q->needtime==0; q=q->next; } returnb;}voidcpuexe(pcb*q){//cputime指已經(jīng)執(zhí)行的時(shí)間，needtime指還需要的時(shí)間 pcb*tr=q; inttp=0; while(q){ if(q->process!=finish){//時(shí)間片到，修改上次執(zhí)行的進(jìn)程的狀態(tài) q->process=ready; if(q->needtime==0){ q->process=finish; } } if(tp<q->priority&&q->process!=finish){//讓tr指向優(yōu)先級(jí)最高的未完畢的進(jìn)程 tp=q->priority; tr=q; } q=q->next; } if(tr->needtime!=0){//執(zhí)行tr所指向的進(jìn)程 tr->priority-=3;//每執(zhí)行一次優(yōu)先級(jí)減少三個(gè)單位 tr->needtime--;//進(jìn)程還需要的時(shí)間減去1 tr->process=execute;//狀態(tài)為執(zhí)行 tr->cputime++;//進(jìn)程的已經(jīng)執(zhí)行的時(shí)間加上1 }}voidpriority_cal(){ pcb*p;intcpu; p=get_process();//輸入各個(gè)進(jìn)程，并組合成鏈隊(duì)列處理,返回隊(duì)頭指針 printf("輸出各個(gè)進(jìn)程的初始化信息：\n"); display(p); cpu=0;//表達(dá)目前執(zhí)行的cpu時(shí)間 while(!process_finish(p)){//就緒隊(duì)列中尚有進(jìn)程 cpu++; printf("cputime:%d\n",cpu); cpuexe(p);//選擇優(yōu)先級(jí)最高的進(jìn)程執(zhí)行一種時(shí)間單位 display(p);//每調(diào)度一次就顯示次 sleep(2); } free_process(p);//釋放所有進(jìn)程 printf("Allprocesseshavefinished\n");}pcb*get_process_round(){ pcb*q; pcb*p;//頭指針 pcb*t;//尾指針 inti=0; printf("inputnameandtime\n"); while(i<P_NUM){ q=(pcb*)malloc(sizeof(pcb)); scanf("%s",q->name); scanf("%d",&q->needtime); q->cputime=0; q->count=0; q->process=ready; q->next=NULL; if(i==0){ p=q; t=q; } else{ t->next=q; t=q; } i++; } returnp;}voidcpu_round(pcb*q){ if(q->needtime==1)q->cputime++;else q->cputime+=2; q->needtime-=2; if(q->needtime<0){ q->needtime=0; } q->count++; q->process=execute;}pcb*get_next(pcb*k,pcb*head){ pcb*t; t=k; do{ t=t->next; }while(t&&t->process==finish); if(t==NULL){ t=head; //k是剛剛被執(zhí)行的節(jié)點(diǎn),假如t->next=k,所明就緒隊(duì)列除了k和t以外都 //已結(jié)束,按照時(shí)間片輪轉(zhuǎn)算法,該t執(zhí)行 while(t->next!=k&&t->process==finish){ t=t->next; } } returnt;}voidset_state(pcb*p){ pcb*q; q=p; while(q){ if(q->needtime==0){ q->process=finish; } if(q->process==execute){ q->process=ready; } q=q->next; }}voiddisplay_round(pcb*p){//顯示各個(gè)進(jìn)程的信息 pcb*q; q=p; printf("namecputimeneedtime count state\n"); while(q){ printf("%s",q->name); printf(" "); printf("%d",q->cputime); printf(" "); printf("%d",q->needtime); printf(" "); printf("%d",q->count); printf(" "); switch(q->process){ caseready:printf("ready\n");break; caseexecute:printf("execute\n");break; caseblock:printf("block\n");break; casefinish:printf("finish\n");break; } q=q->next; }}voidround_cal(){ pcb*p; pcb*r;intcpu; p=get_process_round();//輸入各個(gè)進(jìn)程，并構(gòu)成鏈隊(duì)列,返回隊(duì)頭指針 printf("輸出各個(gè)進(jìn)程的初始化信息：\n"); display_round(p); cpu=0; r=p; while(!process_finish(p)){//就緒隊(duì)列中尚有進(jìn)程 if(r->needtime==1) cpu+=1; else //假如需要的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度不小于等于2 cpu+=2;//時(shí)間片長(zhǎng)度是2 cpu_round(r); r=get_next(r,p);//獲得下一種需要執(zhí)行的進(jìn)程 printf("cputime:%d\n",cpu); display_round(p);//每調(diào)度一次就顯示次 set_state(p); sleep(2); } free_process(p);//釋放所有進(jìn)程 printf("Allprocesseshavefinished\n");}pcb*get_process_fcfs(){//輸入各個(gè)進(jìn)程，并構(gòu)成鏈隊(duì)列處理,返回隊(duì)頭指針 pcb*q,*r,*f;inti=0; pcb*p;//隊(duì)頭指針 pcb*t;//隊(duì)尾指針 printf("inputname、cometimeandneedtime\n"); while(i<P_NUM) { q=(pcb*)malloc(sizeof(pcb)); scanf("%s",q->name); scanf("%d",&q->cometime); scanf("%d",&q->needtime); q->cputime=0;//cputime初始化為0 q->process=ready;//process的狀態(tài)初始化為ready q->next=NULL; if(i==0){//隊(duì)列中的第一種 printf("隊(duì)列中的第一種\n"); p=q; t=q;//隊(duì)尾指針也要處理 } else{ if(q->cometime>=t->cometime){//插到隊(duì)列尾 t->next=q; t=q; } else {//從隊(duì)頭開(kāi)始掃描 if(p->cometime>q->cometime) { q->next=p; p=q; } else { r=p; f=r; while(r) { if(r->cometime<=q->cometime) { f=r; r=r->next; } else {//插入到r前面 q->next=r; f->next=q; break; } } } } } i++; } returnp;}voiddisplay_fcfs(pcb*p,intcpu){//顯示各個(gè)進(jìn)程的信息 pcb*q; q=p; printf("namecputimeneedtimecometime state\n"); while(q&&cpu>=q->cometime){ printf("%s",q->name); printf(" "); printf("%d",q->cputime); printf(" "); printf("%d",q->needtime); printf(" "); printf("%d",q->cometime); printf(" "); switch(q->process){ caseready:printf("ready\n");break; caseexecute:printf("execute\n");break; caseblock:printf("block\n");break; casefinish:printf("finish\n");break; } q=q->next; }}voidfcfs_cal(){ pcb*p; pcb*r; intcpu; intcpufree; p=get_process_fcfs();//輸入各個(gè)進(jìn)程，并構(gòu)成鏈隊(duì)列,返回隊(duì)頭指針 printf("輸出各個(gè)進(jìn)程的初始化信息：\n"); display_fcfs(p,100); cpu=0; r=p; while(r&&r->process!=finish){//就緒隊(duì)列中尚有進(jìn)程 cpufree=0; if(cpu<=r->cometime){//cpu空閑 cpufree=r->cometime-cpu; cpu=r->cometime+r->needtime; } else{ cpu=cpu+r->needtime; } r->cputime=r->needtime; r->needtime=0; r->process=execute; printf("cputime:%dcpufree:%d\n",cpu,cpufree); display_fcfs(p,cpu);//每調(diào)度一次就顯示次 set_state(p); r=r->next; sleep(2); } free_process(p);//釋放所有進(jìn)程 printf("Allprocesseshavefinished\n");}intmain(){ intk; display_menu(); scanf("%d",&k); switch(k){ case1:priority_cal();break;//按優(yōu)先級(jí)的時(shí)間片輪轉(zhuǎn) case2:round_cal();break;//按先後次序的有條件的時(shí)間片輪轉(zhuǎn) case3:fcfs_cal();break;//按先來(lái)先服務(wù)執(zhí)行算法 case4:printf("退出！\n");break; default:printf("YOUHAVENOTCHOOSEANYALGORITHM!\n"); }}五、成果分析與總結(jié)成果與分析：成果1：CHOOSETHEALGORITHM:1PRIORITY2ROUNDROBIN3FIRSTCOMEFISETSERVER4EXIT1inputnameandtimea3b2c1d5e4輸出各個(gè)進(jìn)程的初始化信息：namecputimeneedtime priority statea 0 3 47 readyb 0 2 48 readyc 0 1 49 readyd 0 5 45 readye 0 4 46 readycputime:1namecputimeneedtime priority statea 0 3 47 readyb 0 2 48 readyc 1 0 46 executed 0 5 45 readye 0 4 46 readycputime:2namecputimeneedtime priority statea 0 3 47 readyb 1 1 45 executec 1 0 46 finishd 0 5 45 readye 0 4 46 readycputime:3namecputimeneedtime priority statea 1 2 44 executeb 1 1 45 readyc 1 0 46 finishd 0 5 45 readye 0 4 46 readycputime:4namecputimeneedtime priority statea 1 2 44 readyb 1 1 45 readyc 1 0 46 finishd 0 5 45 readye 1 3 43 executecputime:5namecputimeneedtime priority statea 1 2 44 readyB2 0 42 executec 1 0 46 finishd 0 5 45 readye 1 3 43 readycputime:6namecputimeneedtime priority statea 1 2 44 readyb 2 0 42 finishc 1 0 46 finishd 1 4 42 executee 1 3 43 readycputime:7namecputimeneedtime priority statea 2 1 41 executeb 2 0 42 finishc 1 0 46 finishd 1 4 42 readye 1 3 43 readycputime:8namecputimeneedtime priority statea 2 1 41 readyb 2 0 42 finishc 1 0 46 finishd 1 4 42 readye 2 2 40 executecputime:9namecputimeneedtime priority statea 2 1 41 readyb 2 0 42 finishc 1 0 46 finishd 2 3 39 executee 2 2 40 readycputime:10namecputimeneedtime priority statea 3 0 38 executeb 2 0 42 finishc 1 0 46 finishd 2 3 39 readye 2 2 40 readycputime:11namecputimeneedtime priority statea 3 0 38 finishb 2 0 42 finishc 1 0 46 finishd 2 3 39 readye 3 1 37 executecputime:12namecputimeneedtime priority statea 3 0 38 finishb 2 0 42 finishc 1 0 46 finishd 3 2 36 executee 3 1 37 readycputime:13namecputimeneedtime priority statea 3 0 38 finishb 2 0 42 finishc 1 0 46 finishd 3 2 36 readye 4 0 34 executecputime:14namecputimeneedtime priority statea 3 0 38 finishb 2 0 42 finishc 1 0 46 finishd 4 1 33 executee 4 0 34 finishcputime:15namecputimeneedtime priority statea 3 0 38 finishb 2 0 42 finishc 1 0 46 finishd 5 0 30 executee 4 0 34 finishAllprocesseshavefinished進(jìn)程調(diào)度的時(shí)間片輪轉(zhuǎn)次序?yàn)椋篶baebdaedaededd,可以看出進(jìn)程c結(jié)束時(shí)間為cpu=1時(shí)，進(jìn)程b結(jié)束時(shí)間為cpu=5時(shí)，進(jìn)程a結(jié)束時(shí)間為cpu=10時(shí)，進(jìn)程e結(jié)束時(shí)間為cpu=13時(shí)，進(jìn)程d結(jié)束時(shí)間為cpu=15時(shí)。成果2：CHOOSETHEALGORITHM:1PRIORITY2ROUNDROBIN3FIRSTCOMEFISETSERVER4EXIT2inputnameandtimea3b2c1d5e4輸出各個(gè)進(jìn)程的初始化信息：namecputimeneedtime count statea 0 3 0 readyb 0 2 0 readyc 0 1 0 readyd 0 5 0 readye 0 4 0 readycputime:2namecputimeneedtime count statea 2 1 1 executeb 0 2 0 readyc 0 1 0 readyd 0 5 0 readye 0 4 0 readycputime:4namecputimeneedtime count statea 2 1 1 readyb 2 0 1 executec 0 1 0 readyd 0 5 0 readye 0 4 0 readycputime:5namecputimeneedtime count statea 2 1 1 readyb 2 0 1 finishc 1 0 1 executed 0 5 0 readye 0 4 0 readycputime:7namecputimeneedtime count statea 2 1 1 readyb 2 0 1 finishc 1 0 1 finishd 2 3 1 executee 0 4 0 readycputime:9namecputimeneedtime count statea 2 1 1 readyb 2 0 1 finishc 1 0 1 finishd 2 3 1 readye 2 2 1 executecputime:10namecputimeneedtime count statea 3 0 2 executeb 2 0 1 finishc 1 0 1 finishd 2 3 1 readye 2 2 1 readycputime:12namecputimeneedtime count statea 3 0 2 finishb 2 0 1 finishc 1 0 1 finishd 4 1 2 executee 2 2 1 readycputime:14namecputimeneedtime count statea 3 0 2 finishb 2 0 1 finishc 1 0 1 finishd 4 1 2 readye 4 0 2 executecputime:15namecputimeneedtime count statea 3 0 2 finishb 2 0 1 finishc 1 0 1 finishd 5 0 3 executee 4 0 2 finishAllprocesseshavefinished進(jìn)程調(diào)度的執(zhí)行次序?yàn)椋篴bcdeaded,可以看出進(jìn)程b結(jié)束時(shí)間為cpu=4時(shí)，進(jìn)程c結(jié)束時(shí)間為cpu=5時(shí)，進(jìn)程a結(jié)束時(shí)間為cpu=10時(shí)，進(jìn)程e結(jié)束時(shí)間為cpu=14時(shí)，進(jìn)程d結(jié)束時(shí)間為cpu=15時(shí)。成果3：CHOOSETHEALGORITHM:1PRIORITY2ROUNDROBIN3FIRSTCOMEFISETSERVER4EXIT3inputname、cometimeandneedtimea14b73c52d03e151隊(duì)列中的第一種輸出各個(gè)進(jìn)程的初始化信息：namecputimeneedtimecometime stated 0 3 0 readya 0