2022年江西省中考英語復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解分析和技巧引導(dǎo)課件

12022-2023初中英語學(xué)考專項復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解分析和技巧引導(dǎo)

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解2022年中考新變化考情概覽技能講練即時訓(xùn)練Ⅰ2022年中考新變化由“5篇，18道小題，36分”變?yōu)椤?篇，18道小題，36分”；單個語篇題量分布由“3－3－4－4－4”調(diào)整為“3－5－5－5”；考點(diǎn)大體上沒有太多變化，但在推理判斷類的題型里增設(shè)了新的考察類型，要求考生推斷隱含信息（2022.62）。其次，標(biāo)題概括類還考察到了小標(biāo)題概括題（2022.69），這類題目學(xué)生平時涉獵較少，練習(xí)的較少。??Ⅱ考情概覽

分析江西近3年中考真題可知，選擇型閱讀分為兩類：文本式閱讀理解和表格型閱讀理解。主要有以下命題特點(diǎn)：1.表格型：(1)表格內(nèi)容：涉及學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)、興趣愛好、課外活動等；(2)設(shè)題特點(diǎn)：題干為特殊疑問句；考查點(diǎn)：1－3道細(xì)節(jié)理解題、0－1道數(shù)

字計算題。Ⅱ考情概覽文體話題A篇B篇C篇D篇E篇A篇B篇C篇D篇E篇2020年應(yīng)用文記敘文說明文說明文三則小廣告，關(guān)于邀請他人加入某個團(tuán)體人物傳記，傳遞正能量探討人們喜歡冒險的原因講述了大自然和健康之間的關(guān)系2021年應(yīng)用文記敘文說明文說明文說明夾議論三個小廣告，有關(guān)于藝術(shù)節(jié)相關(guān)信息人物傳記，傳遞正能量闡述不同種類犬在人類生活中扮演的角色有關(guān)科技發(fā)展，一個發(fā)明家及其成就講述遺傳基因及后天因素對雙胞胎的成長發(fā)育影響2022年應(yīng)用文記敘文說明文說明文一則關(guān)于一個博物館農(nóng)業(yè)主題的廣告宣傳以民間故事的形式傳遞正確的道理介紹印度尼西亞的三個慶?；顒咏榻B人們以前所使用過的一些東西年具體分析2.文本式：(1)詞數(shù)：230－390詞，平均約300；段落：2－9段；生詞：3－10個；(2)文體及話題等分析如下:Ⅲ技能講練1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題5.文章結(jié)構(gòu)題3.詞義、句義猜測題2.推理判斷題4.主旨大意題1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對閱讀材料中某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。近幾年江西中考對于細(xì)節(jié)理解題的考查角度有：選擇一個正確細(xì)節(jié)、選擇多個正確細(xì)節(jié)、多個細(xì)節(jié)排序、多個細(xì)節(jié)匹配、針對細(xì)節(jié)的計算等。細(xì)節(jié)理解題的設(shè)問方式：(1)Whichofthefollowingistrue/TRUE(accordingtothepassage/theads)？(2)Whichofthefollowingbelongtomicroadventures?(2021.58)(3)Howdoestheelephantclockwork?Putthestepsinthecorrectorder.

(2021.68)(4)PuttheeventsaboutIrvinginthecorrectorder.

(2020.65)(5)Putthethingsthathappenedtothemillinthecorrectorder.（2022.59）(6)Matchthecountriesorcitieswiththeinformationandchoosetheright

answer.

(7)Whatisthepriceofanadultticketfortheconcert？(2021.56)(8)WhatdopeopledoduringGalungan?Checkandchoosetherightanswer.細(xì)節(jié)理解題的選項特點(diǎn)(1)正確選項的特點(diǎn)

①對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換。把原文句子中的一些詞轉(zhuǎn)換為意思相近的

詞，變成正確選項。

②詞性或者語態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，或者改變原文句子

的語態(tài)，給考生制造障礙。③語言簡化。把原文中復(fù)雜的語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化，變成正確選項。

④正話反說。把原文句子的意思反過來表達(dá)，變成正確選項。(2)干擾選項的特點(diǎn)

①將原文內(nèi)容擴(kuò)大或縮小。

⑤文不對題。

②把未然當(dāng)已然。

⑥符合常識，但不是文章內(nèi)容。

③無中生有。

⑦正誤參半。

④偷換概念。細(xì)節(jié)理解題的考查方式考法1直接信息題

直接信息題的特點(diǎn)是在原文中可以找到和選項信息幾乎一樣的短語或句子，考題常常針對文中某一特定的信息，比如時間、地點(diǎn)、人物、機(jī)構(gòu)、名稱等來設(shè)題。這類信息多屬表層信息，多見于應(yīng)用文中。直接信息題可采用“題干定位法”進(jìn)行解題。典例剖析(2022江西閱讀C節(jié)選)

Indonesianslovetocelebrate.Theybelievethatcelebratingandeatingtogetherbringsgoodluck.

Let'spartyIndonesia-style.......WhileTurunTanahcelebratesthefutureofafamily,Galungancelebratesitspast.Ancestorswhohavediedreturn"home"duringthisten-daycelebration.Andlivingrelativesdotheirbesttomakethemhappy.Tallbamboopoleslinethestreet.Peopleattendtheceremoniesandvisittheirfamilyandvillagetemples.Actorsanddancersgiveperformancesthattellstoriesofgoodfightingagainstevil.......剖析：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“Galungan”定位至文章第四段，從而確定①、③、④正確；根據(jù)②“Discussnewbabies

future.”定位至文章第三段，從而確定②不屬于Galungan期間所做的事情。根據(jù)⑤的信息可定位至文章第一段，從而確定⑤也不屬于，排除②和⑤。故選C。64.WhatdopeopledoduringGalungan?Checkandchoosetherightanswer.①Watchperformances.②Discussnewbabies

future.③Visittheirfamilyandvillagetemples.④Putthebamboopolesalongthestreet.⑤Carryahugemonsteraroundthevillage.A.

①②⑤

B.

①③④

C.

②③④

D.

③④⑤小試牛刀(閱讀A節(jié)選改編)OtherroomsWehaveawell-equippedmusicroomformusiclessons,acomputerroomofthirty-twocomputersandalargestaffroomforteacherstohavearestduringlunchtime.（）2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Theschoolhas6classrooms.B.Theschoolhas700studentsnow.C.Teacherscanhavearestinthestaffroom.D.Everyonecanreadinthelibraryafterschool.C考法2間接信息題1、針對詞語替換、語句轉(zhuǎn)換類的間接信息題，可采用詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)法，具體步驟如下：(2021江西閱讀E節(jié)選)

TwinsJimSpringerandJimLewiswereadopted(領(lǐng)養(yǎng))asbabiesandraisedbydifferentcouples.WhentheJimsfinallymetatage39,theydiscoveredtheyhadplentyincommon.Bothweresixfeettall,180pounds.Theyhadthesamesmileandthesamevoice.WhenscientistThomasBouchardJr.invitedtheJimtwinstohislab,peopletherefounditveryhardtotellthemapart.典例剖析70.WhatdidBouchard'sstudyfindaboutthetwins?A.Eachseemedtobeastallastheirtwin.B.Eachhadthesamehobbyastheirtwin.C.Eachhadalmostthesameabilityastheirtwin.D.EachhadaboutthesameIQlevelastheirtwin.剖析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Bouchard'sstudyfindaboutthetwins”可知，題干詢問Bouchard關(guān)于這對雙胞胎的研究。A項“astallas”與原文“Bothweresixfeettall”為同義句，表示兩個人一樣高。故選A?？挤?間接信息題2、針對需要根據(jù)文章具體細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行簡單計算的間接信息題可采用查讀計算法，具體步驟如下：典例剖析Admission:Adults:$7Children(upto16):$5Children(3&under):FreeFamily(2adults&2children):$20FREECARANDCOACHPARK.TOILETFORTHEDISABLEDANDWHEELCHAIRACCESS(通道)INALLAREAS.(2022江西閱讀A節(jié)選)56.Howmuchisaticketfora15-year-oldboy?A.$5. B.$7.C.$12. D.$20.剖析：根據(jù)Admission中提到的"Children(upto16):$5"可知應(yīng)選A。3、針對需要對文章多項細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行排序或匹配的間接信息題可采用定位排序法或匹配法，具體步驟如下：考法

2間接信息題CVCV典例剖析......Longago,apooroldcouplelivedonthecoast.Oneday,anoldstorytellercametotheirvillage.Theoldcouplegavehimameal.Inreturn,hegavethemacoffeemill(磨粉機(jī))andsaid,"Say,‘Mill,pleasegrind(磨粉)...’,andit’llmakewhateveryouwant;tostopit,say‘Mill,pleasecease(停止)grinding...’."Soontheoldcouplehadamuchbetterlife.They'dbeenhappypeople,andtheydidn'tneedmuchmore.Buttheyoungcouplenextdoorwereneversatisfied.Whentheysawtheoldcouplewearinggoodclothesandbuyinggoodfood,theyburntwithenvy(羨慕).Sooneday,theyounghusbandwenttotheoldcouple'shousesecretlyandheard,"Mill,pleasegrindhotchocolate!"Hewassurprisedtoseeitcomingout.Thentheyoungcouplestolethemillfromtheoldcouple.Withit,theyrodeahorseandsetoffdownthecoast,wherenoonewouldknowthem.Alongtheway,thehusbandshoweditproudlyandasked,"Whatdoyouwantittomake?""Oh,Idon'tknow.Whynotsalt?"thewifesaid."Mill,pleasegrindsalt!"hesaid."Itworks!"thewifeshouted.Butthentheynoticed(2022江西閱讀B節(jié)選)thesaltwenteverywhere."Makeitstop,"thewifesaid.Butthehusbanddidn'tknowhow."Mill,pleasestopgrindingsalt!Please,nomore!"Hiswordsdidn'twork.Themillkeptgrindingsalt.Finally,theyounghusbandthrewthemillintotheseaasfarashecould.......59.Putthethingsthathappenedtothemillinthecorrectorder.a.Itbegantoproducesalt.b.Theyounghusbandthrewit.c.Theyoungcouplestoleit.d.Theoldcouplegotit.A.b-d-a-c B.b-a-d-cC.d-a-c-b D.d-c-a-b剖析：根據(jù)第二段“hegavethemacoffeemill(磨粉機(jī))”可知，d為第一個；根據(jù)第四段第一句“theyoungcouplestolethemill...”可知c為第二個;根據(jù)第四段“Mill,pleasegrindsalt!"hesaid."Itworks!"”可知，a為第三個；根據(jù)第四段最后一句“theyounghusbandthrewthemill”可知b為第四個,故選D。小試牛刀

ThebatteriescanonlybechargedusingtheSolarCow,sochildrenhavetogotoschooltogettheelectricity.Everyday,childrenputtheirbatteriesintothebottomoftheirschool'sSolarCow.Theygotoclasswhilethebatteriesarebeingcharged.Attheendoftheday,theytakethechargedbatterieshome.()5.Whatisthecorrectorderforchildrentogettheelectricityfortheirfamilies?a.Childrengotoschoolwithbatteries.b.Childrentakethechargedbatterieshome.c.Childrenhaveclasseswhilethebatteriesarebeingcharged.d.Childrenputthebatteriesintothebottomoftheirschool'sSolarCow.A.a-d-c-bB.a-c-d-bC.b-d-c-aD.b-a-c-dA（閱讀C節(jié)選）2.推理判斷題

推理判斷題主要考查考生在理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上，分析、推理、判斷的能力。近幾年江西中考對于推理判斷題的考查角度有：推斷細(xì)節(jié)隱含意義、推斷語義邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)、推斷作者對文中某個人物/某個事件的態(tài)度或評價、推斷作者的寫作意圖、推斷文章出處、推斷讀者身份等。推理判斷題的設(shè)問方式(1)Whatcanweget/inferfromthepassage？（2022.71）(2)Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthepassage？(2020.75)(3)WhatcanweknowaboutHumphrey's/Irving'spersonalityaccording

tothepassage？(2021.59,2020.66)(4)Choosethebestsentencetofillintheblank“________________”inParagraph3.(2021.66)(5)Whatdoweknowaboutthemuseum?(2022.57)(6)What'sthewriter'sopinionaboutgenesandenvironment？(2021.71)(7)What'sthepurposeofthepassage？(2021.63)(1)正確選項的特點(diǎn)①在文章中可以找到信息支撐，并且可以推斷出正確選項。②大多含義深刻，不是常識選項。(2)干擾選項的特點(diǎn)①顛倒是非

②照搬原文③推理過度

④無中生有推理判斷題的選項特點(diǎn)推理判斷題的考查方式考法1推斷隱含意義

推斷隱含意義的推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的某個或某些句子、段落或全文所提供的信息進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有明說的內(nèi)容、可能發(fā)生的事情或某事物的特征等，針對推斷隱含意義的推理判斷題的方法如下：推斷隱含意義Step1

先跳讀，找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)；Step2

接著細(xì)讀，理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意思；Step3在理解字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷，理解作者的言外之意，切勿拿文章中非關(guān)鍵的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容作為推理的依據(jù)；Step4最后結(jié)合選項，找到與文章信息點(diǎn)所表達(dá)意思相近的選項。......Doyouhavealandlineathome?Thesearephonesthatpeopleplug(插入)intotheirlivingroomwalls.Mobilephonesdidn'tusetobesocommonatthattime,somostfamilieshadalandline.Butlandlinesonlyworkedathome.Whatdidpeopledowhentheywereoutsideandneededtocallsomeone?Theylookedforapayphone!Then,mostpeoplehadtheirownmobilephonesandmanyhomesnolongerhadlandlines.......It'seasytotakephotostoday.Peopleoftenhavethousandsjustontheirphones!Butphotosusedtobeexpensive,andpeopletookfewerofthem.Totakeaphoto,youhadtobuyarolloffilm.Thisallowedyoutotakeabout30photos.Afterfinishingtheroll,youleftitatashop.Theshopdevelopedthephotostomakethembeseen,whichyoucouldcollectafterafewdays.典例剖析(2022江西閱讀D節(jié)選)71.Whatcanwegetfromthepassage?A.Itwasconvenienttotakephotoswithfilm.B.Peopleoutsideusedlandlinestocallsomeone.C.Improvementsintechnologychangepeople'slife.D.Foratime,manypeoplehadpayphonesathome.

Technologychangesallthetime,andthegadgetsweusetodaywillonedaybeold.Whatdoyouthinkwillbethenexttodisappear?剖析：根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知A選項的convenient不符合文意；根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知B、D兩個選項均不符合原文；由最后一段可推知,科技進(jìn)步改變了人們的生活。故選C?？挤?推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的推理判斷題旨在考查考生是否了解作者或文中人物對某人/事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度，它要求考生具備在正確理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上，對觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度進(jìn)行分析、判斷的能力。推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的推理判斷題的解題方法如下：推理觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度通過文章主旨推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度通過細(xì)節(jié)描述推斷觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度作者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度一般與文章主旨相關(guān)，先通讀全文，結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容抓住文章的主旨，再結(jié)合作者提供的細(xì)節(jié)來判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。通常隱藏在對人物的語氣、肢體動作、面部表情或性格傾向等的描述中，或者隱藏在作者對文中事物進(jìn)行描述時所用的詞匯或句子中。通過分析文中的用詞、語氣或?qū)?xì)節(jié)的描述等來推斷作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。典例剖析(2021江西閱讀E節(jié)選)However,genescan'tcontroleverything,arguesgeneticistDanielleReed,whoalsostudiestwins.Reed'sresearchshowsthatthoughnothingcantrulychangeourDNA,environmentaldifferencesthatachildexperiencesbeforebirthandintheirfirstyearcansometimesaffectthewaytheDNAbehaves,makingevenidenticaltwinsintoverydifferentpeople.“WhatIliketosayisthatMotherNaturewritessomethingsinpencilandsomethingsinpen，”Sheexplains.“Thingswritteninpenyoucan'tchange.That'sDNA.Butthingswritteninpencilyoucan.”71.WhatisReed'sopinionaboutgenesandenvironment?A.OnlyDNAhasaneffectonourdevelopment.B.Environmentcouldpossiblychangesomethingsaboutus.C.Therearenoboundariesbetweengenesandenvironment.D.EnvironmentaldifferencescansometimeschangeourDNA.剖析：通讀本段可知，主要介紹了基因科學(xué)家Reed的觀點(diǎn)，尤其是第二句中“...environmentaldifferencesthatachildexperiencesbeforebirthandintheirfirstyearcansometimesaffectthewaytheDNAbehaves，”可知，環(huán)境的差異有時會影響DNA的表現(xiàn)方式，即環(huán)境可能會改變我們的一些東西。故選B。特別提醒

解答此類題目時應(yīng)注意：①要區(qū)分開作者的態(tài)度和作者闡述的他人的態(tài)度；②切勿用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)；

GeorgeDawsonlivedfrom1898to2001.Hewasbornin1898inTexas,thegrandsonofslaves.Hisfamilywasverypoor,soGeorgehadtoworktohelphisfamily.Asaresult,hedidn'thaveachancetogetaneducation.Hedidn'tlearntoreadandwrite.WhenDawsonwasninety-eightyearsold,hedecidedtogotoschool.Hewantedtolearntoreadandwrite.Hewenttoadultliteracyclasses.Overthenextfewyears,histeachertaughtDawsontoreadandwrite.In1998,RichardGlaubman,helpedDawsonwriteabookaboutDawson'life,calledLifeisSoGood.Dawsonwroteaboutwhatmakesapersonhappy.WasGeorgeDawsonasuccess?Hecertainlywas.Becauseheenjoyedlifeandlearnedtoreadandwrite.()9.WhatcanweknowaboutDawson'spersonalityaccordingtothepassage?A.Cleverandhonest.B.Humorousandresponsible.C.Hard-workingandpersistent.D.Politeandpowerful.小試牛刀C考法3推斷寫作意圖(2021.63,2022.67)

推斷寫作意圖類的推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測作者的寫作意圖及作者運(yùn)用某種寫作手法的目的。這類題目不僅要理解文章的大意，還要具備對作者闡述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力，因為作者一般不直接表明自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地向讀者傳達(dá)某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。推斷寫作意圖類的推理判斷題的解題方法如下：推斷寫作意圖通過文章主旨來推斷作者的寫作目的通過文章的文體推斷作者的寫作意圖通常議論文和說明文的主旨在文章開頭，用略讀法找出文章的主旨，可以快速推斷出作者的寫作目的。作者寫文章的目的可分為三類：教育引導(dǎo)，常見于故事類記敘文；吸引讀者參與或表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)，常見于廣告類應(yīng)用文或議論文；開拓讀者的視野，常見于文化類、社會類、科普類說明文。考法2

Indonesianslovetocelebrate.Theybelievethatcelebratingandeatingtogetherbringsgoodluck.Let'spartyIndonesia-style.......Ayearoffestivalshascometoanend.Don'tworry:nextyear,Indonesiawillbebuzzing(喧鬧)againwithcelebrations,sowelcometotheparty!典例剖析(2022江西閱讀C節(jié)選)67.Whatisthewriter'spurposeaccordingtothepassage?A.Towelcomeustothefestivals.B.Toshowushowtotreattheancestors.C.Totellushowtoholdtheparty.D.Toteachushowtofightagainsttheevil.剖析：根據(jù)文章最后一句"Don’tworry:nextyear,Indonesiawillbebuzzing(喧鬧)againwithcelebrations,sowelcometotheparty!"可推知,作者在文末邀請讀者到印度尼西亞參加節(jié)日慶?；顒?這是作者寫本文的目的。故選A。小試牛刀

AccordingtothefindingofanewUNreport,theworldwastesaboutone-sixthofthefoodeachyear.That'sabout1，030，000，000tons,or121kilogramsforeachpersonontheEarth....Thenwhatcanwedotostopfoodwaste?Smallactionsmakeadifference.Eachofuscanplayapart.Nexttime,beforeyouthrow,thinktwice!(2021安徽閱讀D節(jié)選)()10.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocollectmoney.B.Tocallforaction.C.Togetsomeadvice.D.Toexpressthanks.B考法2考法4推斷文章出處或讀者對象

推斷文章出處或讀者對象的推理判斷題要求考生能夠根據(jù)文章特點(diǎn)推斷文章的出處或文章的讀者對象的身份。解題方法如下：推斷文章出處看內(nèi)容看關(guān)鍵詞推銷新產(chǎn)品→廣告；人物生平→傳記；科普知識→科學(xué)報告/雜志；介紹和評價書籍→書評；介紹旅游圣地→旅游雜志/旅游指南click及網(wǎng)址→網(wǎng)站；research，experiment等→科學(xué)報告/學(xué)術(shù)論文；food，health→健康雜志/報紙健康；文章前有日期、地點(diǎn)、或通訊名稱→新聞報道典例剖析Whyistheseasalt?Longbeforewediscoveredscientificwaysofthinkingaboutit,weexplaineditinastory.Eventhoughtheanswerisn'tscientific,itholdssomeothertruthinit—especiallyaboutthehumanheart.Longago,apooroldcouplelivedonthecoast.Oneday,anoldstorytellercametotheirvillage.Theoldcouplegavehimameal.Inreturn,hegavethemacoffeemill(磨粉機(jī))andsaid,"Say,‘Mill,pleasegrind(磨粉)...’,andit’llmakewhateveryouwant;tostopit,say‘Mill,pleasecease(停止)grinding...’."......Andthereit'sbeen,forhundredsofyears,endlesslygrindingsalt.That'swhytheseaissalt.(2022江西閱讀B節(jié)選)58.Thepassageisprobablya(n)

.A.folkstoryB.instructionC.science-fictionstory D.sciencereport剖析：本文主要講了一個關(guān)于海水為什么是咸的的故事,由此可推知文章可能是一則民間故事。故選A?？挤?推斷語義關(guān)聯(lián)(2021.66)

推斷語義邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)的考查方式有：句子還原題。它主要考查學(xué)生在理解文章細(xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上，選出符合行文邏輯和語義銜接的句子。解答句子還原類試題的方法可有結(jié)構(gòu)突破法和關(guān)鍵詞突破法等。注：此類題型在2022年未出現(xiàn)相同題目，且與閱讀理解B）部分相類似，因此著重在B）部分講解。(2021江西閱讀D節(jié)選)Weknowaboutal-Jazarimostlyfromabookthathewrote.____Theyincludeclocksandhand-washingmachines.Thebookalsohasdrawingsthatshowhoweachmachineworks.66.Choosethebestsentencetofillintheblank“____”inthisparagraph.A.Hebecamefamouswhenhewasayoungman.B.Heinventedalotofeverydaymachinesinhistory.C.Itdescribesanumberofmachinesofallshapesandsizes.D.PeopleinTurkeyenjoyreadinghisbooksintheirfreetime.典例剖析剖析：分析本段內(nèi)容，可知主要講的是醫(yī)院特別培訓(xùn)一些狗來幫助照顧病人，故選B。3.詞義、句義猜測題分析江西近幾年中考真題可知，針對詞義/句義猜測題的考查角度有：猜測生詞的含義、猜測代詞的指代內(nèi)容、猜測句子的含義。詞義/句義猜測題的設(shè)問方式(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“X”(inParagraphX)mean？(10年10考)(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This/They/That/It/Other”inParagraphXreferto？(10年10考)(3)Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthepassage？(2020.75)詞義/句義猜測題的選項特點(diǎn)(1)正確選項的特點(diǎn)

①相應(yīng)詞語的同義詞語。②對相應(yīng)語句的解釋、復(fù)述或概括。(2)干擾選項的特點(diǎn)①信息不全。②半對半錯。③曲解原意。④對原表達(dá)方式的不正確改寫。詞義、句義猜測題的考查方式考法1猜測生詞的含義根據(jù)上下文語境猜測詞義(10年10考)考法2猜測代詞的指代內(nèi)容考法3猜測句子含義通過前后句猜測代詞的指代內(nèi)容(10年10考)聯(lián)系上下文猜測句子含義(2020.75)典例剖析

Whyistheseasalt?Longbeforewediscoveredscientificwaysofthinkingaboutit,weexplaineditinastory.Eventhoughtheanswerisn'tscientific,itholdssomeothertruthinit—especiallyaboutthehumanheart.Longago,apooroldcouplelivedonthecoast.Oneday,anoldstorytellercametotheirvillage.Theoldcouplegavehimameal.Inreturn,hegavethemacoffeemill(磨粉機(jī))andsaid,"Say,‘Mill,pleasegrind(磨粉)...’,andit’llmakewhateveryouwant;tostopit,say‘Mill,pleasecease(停止)grinding...’."Soontheoldcouplehadamuchbetterlife.They'dbeenhappypeople,andtheydidn'tneedmuchmore.Buttheyoungcouplenextdoorwereneversatisfied.....(2022江西閱讀B節(jié)選)62.Whatdoestheword"truth"inParagraph1imply(暗指)?A.Beingpatient. B.Workingproperly.C.Beingsatisfied. D.Listeningcarefully.剖析：根據(jù)第三段中的"Soontheoldcouplehadamuchbetterlife...wereneversatisfied"可知,故事中的老夫妻倆很知足,所以生活幸福,而年輕夫妻不知足,偷了磨粉機(jī)后也沒能如愿。由此可推知truth暗指"要知足"。Afterleavingtheearthlastsummer,ZhuRongcircledMarsforseveralmonthsandlandedonitinMay.Inrecentyears,ourcountryhassentuptheworld'sfirstquantumsatellite(量子衛(wèi)星),andChang'e-4hasmadeasoftlandingonthemoon.Wehavemadegreatprogressinspacetechnologyandwillsoonstartbuildingourownspacestation.()13.Theunderlinedword“it”intheparagraphrefersto________.A.theearth B.Mars C.themoon D.thesun小試牛刀(閱讀C節(jié)選)B4.主旨大意題

主旨大意題旨在考查考生把握全文主題、理解中心思想、歸納與概括信息的能力。近幾年江西中考對于主旨大意題的考查角度有：總結(jié)段落大意、概括文章大意、歸納文章標(biāo)題。主旨大意題的設(shè)問方式(1)WhatisthemainideaofParagraphX？(2)What'sthemainideaoftheXparagraph？(3)WhatdoesParagraphXmainlytalkabout？(4)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？(2021.72)(5)What'sthemainideaofthis/thepassage？(6)What/Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？主旨大意題的選項特點(diǎn)(1)正確選項的特點(diǎn)①通常不含細(xì)節(jié)信息和表示絕對意義的詞。②能概括文章或段落的主要內(nèi)容。(2)干擾選項的特點(diǎn)①以偏概全②斷章取義③主題擴(kuò)大④似是而非⑤張冠李戴主旨大意題的考查方式考法1總結(jié)段落大意(2021江西閱讀C節(jié)選)Today,manyhospitalsletspeciallytraineddogsintobringloveandcheertopatients.Shayneeisatherapy(治療)dog.Shevisitschildrenwhoareinhospital.DogslikeShayneehelppatientsfeelcalmandatpeace,whichcanbehardinabusyhospital.Theyhelpbothchildrenandadultsstaystrongduringlonghospitalstays,and,somesuggest,evenhelpthemgetbetter.61.Whatisthemainideaoftheparagraph?A.Hospitalsneedmanyspecialdogs.B.Dogscantakecareofpatients.C.Patientsneedloveinthehospital.D.Doctorsaretoobusytoseepatients.典例剖析剖析：分析本段內(nèi)容，可知主要講的是醫(yī)院特別培訓(xùn)一些狗來幫助照顧病人，故選B?？挤?概括文章大意Manyscientistsoncebelievedthatphysicalsimilaritiesbetweenidenticaltwinsaregenetic（基因的）,whiletheirpersonalities,intelligenceandotherdifferencesbetweenthemareaneffectoftheirenvironment.Nowscientistsarediscoveringthattheboundaries（界限）betweengenesandenvironmentarenotsoclear.......72.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ThewaytheDNAbehaves.B.ThesimilaritiesbetweentheJimtwins.C.Theconnectionbetweenintelligenceandfamilies.D.Theeffectsofgenesonpersonalityandintelligence.典例剖析(2021江西閱讀E節(jié)選)通讀全文并根據(jù)首段"theirpersonalities,intelligenceandotherdifferencesbetweenthemareaneffectoftheirenvironment"可知，本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家對基因?qū)﹄p胞胎的外貌、性格、智力等方面的影響的研究?？挤?歸納文章標(biāo)題Improvementsintechnologyoftenhappenovernight.Somegadgetsgetsmallerandfaster.Othersarereplaced(代替)bynewerthingslikesmartphones.Theycandohundredsofthings.Herearesomeoldgadgetsthatpeopleusedtouse.......Technologychangesallthetime,andthegadgetsweusetodaywillonedaybeold.Whatdoyouthinkwillbethenexttodisappear?72.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheChangingPhonesB.TheProductsofTomorrowC.OldThingsWeUseTodayD.TheThingsWeUsedtoUse典例剖析(2022江西閱讀D節(jié)選)剖析：根據(jù)第一段中的"Herearesomeoldgadgetsthatpeopleusedtouse"及全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要介紹了人們過去使用的工具,故"TheThingsWeUsedtoUse"最適合作文章標(biāo)題。

選定標(biāo)題的四大標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：精—概括文章中心思想的語言要精練。準(zhǔn)—注意文章內(nèi)涵和外延，作者觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)得要準(zhǔn)確。統(tǒng)—標(biāo)題要能統(tǒng)領(lǐng)文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息。新—標(biāo)題要新穎，對讀者有吸引力，能激發(fā)讀者興趣。小試牛刀

InChineseculture,manypeoplebelievethatthecolorpurplestandsforgoodluck.ThisbeliefbeganwithLaozi,theancientphilosopher(哲學(xué)家)andfounderofTaoism(道教)wholivedaround2，500yearsago.Oneday,whenLaoziwastravelingthroughthe

HanguPass(函谷關(guān))inHenanfromtheeast,apurplemist(薄霧)suddenlyappearedintheair.ItisbelievedthatthismistwasconnectedtoLaoziinsomeway.This“purpleairfromtheeast”storymadepeoplebelievethecolorwasasymbolofgreatsaintsfromthatpointon.()15.Whatisthemainideaoftheparagraph?A.WhereLaozilikedtraveling.B.WhyLaoziwasthefounderofTaoism.C.What“purpleairfromtheeast”means.D.Howthestorymadepeoplebelievecolor'smeaning.C5.文章結(jié)構(gòu)題文章結(jié)構(gòu)題主要考查學(xué)生對于語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的理解。常見設(shè)問方式：Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?文章結(jié)構(gòu)題的解題步驟如下：Step1通讀全文，理清文章脈絡(luò)，明確文章結(jié)構(gòu)①常見的文章結(jié)構(gòu)有總—分結(jié)構(gòu)、分—總結(jié)構(gòu)、總—分—總結(jié)構(gòu)。②找出段落的中心詞/句，了解段落大意；將表達(dá)相近意義的段落放在一起，進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)劃分。Step2分析4個選項，確定答案Indonesianslovetocelebrate.Theybelieve