新教材英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題17 動(dòng)詞（二）

小升初語(yǔ)法第17講：動(dòng)詞（二）常見(jiàn)的容易混淆的行為動(dòng)詞辨析：（掌握）look—see—watch—read“看”辨析看辨析例句watch強(qiáng)調(diào)“專(zhuān)注地看，仔細(xì)觀看，注視”,有欣賞的意味，動(dòng)作要持續(xù)一段時(shí)間，常用于看電視、看球賽等，也可以用于看電影，如：watchamovieDoyou

watchTV

atnight?

你晚上看電視嗎？Tomlikes

watching

footballmatch.湯姆喜歡看足球比賽。Hedoesn’tlike

watching

amovie.他不喜歡看電影。see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，指人肉眼所能涉及的范圍，表示看的結(jié)果，意為“看見(jiàn)、看到”。Howmanybirdscanyou

see

inthetree?在樹(shù)上你能看到多少只鳥(niǎo)？Ican

see

abighorseinthepicture.在圖片中我看到一匹大馬。固定搭配:

看電影

seeafilmIwanttogoto

seeafilm.

我想去看電影。read指閱讀一類(lèi)的“看”，與紙張類(lèi)有關(guān)，如：看書(shū)readabook,readsomebooks；看報(bào)readnewspaper；看雜志readmagazine；看小說(shuō)readnovel等。Ilike

reading

books

inthebed.我喜歡在床上看書(shū)。Myfather

reads

newspaper

everymorning.我爸爸每天早上看報(bào)紙。Jimalways

reads

novel

onSunday.周天吉姆一直在看小說(shuō)。look

指集中注意力地看，是有意的，強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的動(dòng)作。單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，用來(lái)引起對(duì)方的注意；與at連用后加看的對(duì)象，表示看的動(dòng)作。Look!Tomisoverthere.

看！湯姆在那兒。Lookat

theblackboard,please.

請(qǐng)看黑板。Lookat

thispicturecarefully.認(rèn)真看這張圖片。look

看起來(lái)…（做系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)）He

looksveryhandsome.

他看起來(lái)很英俊。You

look

good.

你看起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。?總結(jié)：watch

觀看，仔細(xì)地看（電視、球賽、比賽、電影、戲等）；see

及物動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，意為“看到，看見(jiàn)”；read

看紙張類(lèi)閱讀物書(shū)（報(bào)紙，雜志，小說(shuō)，地圖等）；look

①不及物動(dòng)詞，單獨(dú)使用，用以引起對(duì)方的注意；②強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，與at連用后加看的對(duì)象；③看起來(lái)….（系動(dòng)詞+形容詞）記憶口訣:watch

觀看see

結(jié)果look

動(dòng)作read

紙張【例題】Heoften________newspaperonSaturday.A.sees

B.reads

C.watches

D.looks【解析】考題考查近義詞的辨析，找關(guān)鍵詞newspaper，理解句意：看報(bào)紙，newspaper屬紙張類(lèi)，口訣read紙張，often可以推斷出是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)he是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)后動(dòng)詞加s。答案：B【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】用look,lookat,see,watch,read填空。1.Kangkang'ssisterabookinherroom.2.Pleasetheblackboard,boysandgirls.3.Whatotherthingscanyouonthetable?4.!Whataretheydoingunderthetree?5.MybrotherandIareTV.6.Aretheyafootballgame?7.It'sgoodtoallmyfriendsagain.8.Letmehavea.9.LucyandLilyaretwins.Theythesame.10.Iwanttothedoctor.say—speak—talk—tell“說(shuō)”辨析說(shuō)辨析例句speak“講話、發(fā)言、演說(shuō)”作不及物動(dòng)詞vi.通常指說(shuō)話的能力和方式，后面跟人做賓語(yǔ)要加介詞to；作及物動(dòng)詞vt.時(shí)后面跟各種語(yǔ)言。CanyouspeakFrench?

你會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)嗎？Whowillspeakatthemeeting?

誰(shuí)將在會(huì)上發(fā)言？ThisisMary.Whoisspeaking?我是馬麗，你是誰(shuí)？MayIspeaktoJohn,please?

我能和約翰講話嗎？(此句常用于打電話用語(yǔ)中）say“說(shuō)話”及物動(dòng)詞vt.

著重強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容，它的賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞、代詞或賓語(yǔ)從句。也可與to連用，say(sth.)tosb.意為“對(duì)某人說(shuō)...”。Heoftensays"hello"tomewithasmile.他常笑著向我問(wèn)好。IcansayitinEnglish.我能用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)它。Hesaystome,"Ilikemyhometown.他對(duì)我說(shuō)：我喜歡我的家鄉(xiāng)。Hesaidhewouldcometojoinus.

他說(shuō)他回來(lái)加入我們。tell“講述，告訴”及物動(dòng)詞vt.

后面常跟雙賓語(yǔ)或復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。--Whatdidyourmothertellyoujustnow?剛才你媽媽告訴你什么了？--Shetoldmenottorideabikequickly.她告訴我不要快騎自行車(chē)。Pleasetellmesomethingaboutyourself.請(qǐng)告訴我關(guān)于你自己的一些事情。高頻考點(diǎn)：tellsb.sth.“告訴某人某事”tellsb.(not)todo“告訴某人（不）做某事”；tellthetruth說(shuō)實(shí)話；tellastory講故事；tellthedifference

講區(qū)別talk“談話、閑談”不及物動(dòng)詞vi.，后面跟人的時(shí)候用介詞with/to

等,后面跟事情要用到介詞about

,

強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)人之間的談話。Theyaretalkingonthephone.他們正在電話中交談。Mymotheristalkingwith/tomyteacher.我媽媽正在和我的老師談話。Whataretheytalkingabout?他們正在談?wù)撌裁?？高頻考點(diǎn)：talkwith/tosb.“與某人談話”；talkaboutsth./sb.“談?wù)撃澄?某事/某人”；talkwith/tosb.aboutsth./sb.“與某人談?wù)撃澄?某事/某人”；?總結(jié)：speak

①作Vi.指說(shuō)話的能力和方式；speak+to+人；②作Vt.+語(yǔ)言；say①作Vt.+名詞/代詞/賓語(yǔ)從句；②say(sth.)tosb.意為“對(duì)某人說(shuō)...”。telltellsb.sth.“告訴某人某事” tellsb.(not)todo“告訴某人（不）做某事”； tellthetruth說(shuō)實(shí)話； tellastory講故事； tellthedifference

講區(qū)別talkwith/tosb.“與某人談話”； talkaboutsth./sb.“談?wù)撃澄?某事/某人”；talkwith/tosb.aboutsth./sb.“與某人談?wù)撃澄?某事/某人”；【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】()1.--Whoistalkingyourfatherintheroom?--Myuncle.withataboutin()2.Teachersoftentellusintheriverafterschool.don'tswimnotswimnottoswimtonotswim()3.MysistercanalittleEnglish.sayspeaktalktell()4.They'reaboutthefootballmatchnow.talkingtellingspeakingsaying()5.Excuseme.Canyoumethewaytothepostoffice?sayspeaktalktell()6.Canyouitclearly?sayspeaktalktellborrow—lend—keep“借”辨析借辨析例句borrow對(duì)主語(yǔ)而言是“借入”，指從別人那里借東西，常與介詞from連用Iborrowedsomebooksfrommyteacher.我從我的老師那里借了一些書(shū)。lend對(duì)主語(yǔ)而言是“借出”，指借東西給別人，常與介詞to連用IlentsomemoneytoLiMing.我借給李明一些錢(qián)。keepkeep，指借閱或保留多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，常接“for+一段時(shí)間”，對(duì)時(shí)間提問(wèn)用howlongHowlongmayIkeepthebook?這本書(shū)我可以借多久？Youmaykeepitfortwoweeks.你可以借閱兩個(gè)星期?！緩?qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】()1.--Hi,Bob!I’mgoingtothezootomorrow.CouldI______yourcamera?--Sorry,I______ittoPeterthismorning.borrow;lentborrow;borrowedlend;lentlend;borrowed()2.--Canyou_______

meyourbike?

--Withpleasure.Butyoumustn’t____ittoothers.lend,borrowborrow,lendlend,lendborrow,borrow()3.Jack

apentoJimlastnight.lendslentborrowedborrows()4.--Couldyou_____

meyourbike,Tom?--OK.Andyoucan_____itforaweek.lend;keepborrow;lendlend;borrowborrow;keep()5.--CanI_____RobinsonCrusoe?

Mrs.Zhao!--Sure,it’sveryinteresting,butyoucanonly_____itfortwoweeks.borrow;lendlend;borrowborrow;keeplend;keep()6.--Couldyouplease

________meyournotebook,Grace?--Certainly.Hereyouare.borrowtoborrowlendtolend()7.--HowlongmayI___________thesebooks?--Foraweek.borrowtoborrowkeeplend()8.Althoughyoulikethebook,youmayonly______itfortwoweeks.borrowkeeplendstay()9.CouldI__________yourbike.Mineisbroken.lendgiveborrowtakebring—take“帶”辨析bring和take都可以用來(lái)表達(dá)物體從一個(gè)地方移動(dòng)到另一個(gè)地方。但是，take和bring到底應(yīng)該怎么區(qū)別呢？選擇bring和take取決于說(shuō)話者所處的位置。帶用法說(shuō)明例句bringbring意為“帶來(lái)，取來(lái)”，指從別處把某人或某物帶到或拿到說(shuō)話者所在的地點(diǎn)來(lái)。也可說(shuō)成“由遠(yuǎn)及近”Eddiebringsmesomebooks.埃迪給我?guī)?lái)了幾本書(shū)。taketake

意為“帶走，取走”，表示把某物或某人從說(shuō)話的地方帶到另一個(gè)地方去。也可說(shuō)成“由近及遠(yuǎn)”，經(jīng)常和介詞to搭配。Takehimtothehospitalnow.把他現(xiàn)在帶到醫(yī)院去?！驹囈辉嚒?)1.Please

thephotostoourclassroom.Letushavealook.A.bringB.takeC.tobringD.totake()2.--Tom,youshouldn't

yourcattoschool.--Sorry,Mr.Green.Iwon'tdothatagain.A.takeB.bringC.giveD.get()3.Don'tforgetto

yourumbrella.takeB.bringC.giveD.get()4.I'll

youhome.takeB.bringC.giveD.totakehear—listen—sound“聽(tīng)”辨析動(dòng)詞“hear”，“l(fā)isten”和“sound”都可以描述“聽(tīng)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，但它們的用法卻不同，所以不能互換使用。哪個(gè)詞可以表達(dá)“聽(tīng)音樂(lè)”的“聽(tīng)”？哪個(gè)詞的意思是“聽(tīng)到聲音”，哪個(gè)詞的意思是“聽(tīng)著、聽(tīng)起來(lái)”?聽(tīng)用法說(shuō)明例句listenlisten做及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示有意識(shí)地聽(tīng)、仔細(xì)聽(tīng),強(qiáng)調(diào)的是聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作。listen用作不及物動(dòng)詞,后面需要加上介詞to才能接人或物作賓語(yǔ)。Listen!Who'sthere?聽(tīng)！誰(shuí)在那？Youshouldlistentoyourparents.你應(yīng)該聽(tīng)你父母的話。hearhear可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)、聽(tīng)到”,但不一定是有意識(shí)地，往往強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的結(jié)果。hear作為感官動(dòng)詞，表示無(wú)意識(shí)地“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”，一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。但如果它表示一種有意識(shí)的動(dòng)作(如指“傾聽(tīng)”“聽(tīng)取”等)，則可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，此時(shí)hear與listento

基本同義，有時(shí)可互換。注：互換的場(chǎng)合多為賓語(yǔ)表示報(bào)告、演講、講課、音樂(lè)會(huì)等的名詞。Heheardsomethingandwokeup.他聽(tīng)到了什么并起床了。Icanheartheairconditioning.我可以聽(tīng)到空調(diào)的聲音。Icanhearmybosscallingme.我能聽(tīng)到我的老板在叫我。soundsound指“聽(tīng)起來(lái)“，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的效果，往往后面要搭配形容詞，即“聽(tīng)起來(lái)怎么樣”Soundsgood.聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。?總結(jié)：“hear”描述的是

“可以聽(tīng)到”的能力，表示聲音進(jìn)入耳朵是無(wú)意識(shí)的動(dòng)作，與這個(gè)人的意愿無(wú)關(guān);“l(fā)isten”強(qiáng)調(diào)有意識(shí)的“去聽(tīng)，注意聽(tīng)”，或“傾聽(tīng)”，后常接介詞“to”;“sound”可以表達(dá)

“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的效果。【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】()1.--Let'sgotothemuseumthisweekend.--______good.hearslistensSounds()2._______!

Mysisterissingingnow.HearListenSound()3.Sorry.

Ican't________you.Wouldyoupleasesayitagain?hearlistensound()4.Ilike

_______toJayChou’ssongsverymuch.Howaboutyou?hearinglisteningsounding()5.--Canyou_______whatheissaying?--Sorry,Ican't.hearlistensound()6.Theyare_______totheteachercarefully(認(rèn)真地).hearinglistenlistening()7.Listen!Canyou_______thebird’ssinging?hearhearstohear()8.Lucy_____theteachercarefullyeveryday,buttodayshecan’t____anything.listensto,tohearhears,listenstolistensto,hearputon—wear—dress“穿”辨析穿用法說(shuō)明例句puton穿上；戴上，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，賓語(yǔ)可為服裝、鞋、帽、眼鏡等。高頻考點(diǎn)：puton是動(dòng)詞加副詞結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，必須放在put和on之間；反義短語(yǔ)為takeoff脫下（動(dòng)詞加副詞結(jié)構(gòu)）。It'scoldoutside.Putonyourcoat,please.外面很冷。請(qǐng)穿上你的外套。Hereisyourcoat.Putiton,please.這是你的外套。請(qǐng)把它穿上。It'stoohot.Hetakesoffhiscoat.太熱了。他脫下了外套。wearwear穿；戴v.

強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài),

賓語(yǔ)可為服裝、鞋、帽、眼鏡等。能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。Shewearsawhiteskirttoday.=Sheiswearingawhiteskirttoday.今天他穿著一件白色的裙子。dressdress

給…穿衣服(n.衣服,連衣裙)表示穿的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)通常是人。高頻考點(diǎn)：①dresssb./oneself意為“給某人/某人自己穿衣服”；②dressup(as)意為“裝扮(成)”③dressuplike“裝扮得像”Shedressedhisdaughterandwentout.她給他的女兒穿好衣服，就出去了。Hedressedupasatiger.

他裝扮成一只老虎。Mulandresseduplikeaboy.木蘭女扮男裝?！緩?qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】()1.WhenTomwas3yearsold,hecouldherself.wearputondress()2.Mostchildrenareuniforms（校服）atschool.

dressingupputtingonwearing()3.Afterhearingthenews,hehiscoatandwentout.

wearsdressedputonspend—take—cost—pay“花費(fèi)”辨析花費(fèi)用法說(shuō)明例句spend“spendtime/moneyonsth./(in)doingsth.”某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢(qián)做.....（主語(yǔ)是人、時(shí)間、金錢(qián)）Hespends5hoursdoinghomework.他花五個(gè)小時(shí)做作業(yè)。take“Ittakessb.+時(shí)間+todosth.”做某事花掉某人多少錢(qián)Ittakesme15minutestogettoschool.我上學(xué)要花15分鐘。cost“sth.costsb.+金錢(qián)”某物花掉某人多少錢(qián)（主語(yǔ)是物）Thecomputercostme6000yuan.這個(gè)電腦花了我6000元。pay“sb.pay(錢(qián))forsth.”某人為某物付多少錢(qián)（主語(yǔ)是人）Ipaid6000yuanforthecomputer.解題技巧spend后跟doing或onsth.

take后面跟todo.cost主語(yǔ)為物。payfor

為固定短語(yǔ)【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】