2024年歐盟商業(yè)報告（英）-88正式版

ListofEUandEFTAcountries

BEBelgiumESSpainHUHungarySKSlovakia

BGBulgariaFRFranceMTMaltaFIFinland

CZCzechiaHRCroatiaNLNetherlandsSESweden

DKDenmarkITItalyATAustria

DEGermanyCYCyprusPLPolandISIceland

EEEstoniaLVLatviaPTPortugalLILiechtenstein

IEIrelandLTLithuaniaRORomaniaNONorway

ELGreeceLULuxembourgSISloveniaCHSwitzerland

KEYFIGURESON

EUROPEANBUSINESS

2024EDITION

PrintedbyImprimerieBietlotinBelgium

ManuscriptcompletedinMay2024

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Luxembourg:PublicationsOfficeoftheEuropeanUnion,2024

?EuropeanUnion,2024

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data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2011/833/oj).

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indicated.

ForanyuseorreproductionofelementsthatarenotownedbytheEuropeanUnion,permission

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ownthecopyrightinrelationtothefollowingelements:

—maps,administrativeboundaries?EuroGeographics?UN-FAO?Turkstat

Kosovo-thisdesignationiswithoutprejudicetopositionsonstatus,andisinlinewithUNSCR

1244/1999andtheICJOpinionontheKosovodeclarationofindependence.

Theboundariesandnamesshownandthedesignationsusedonthemapsdonotimplyofficial

endorsementoracceptancebytheEuropeanUnion.

Theme:Industry,tradeandservices

Collection:Keyfigures

Print:ISBN978-92-68-15530-1ISSN:1830-9720doi:10.2785/561679KS-ET-24-001-EN-C

PDF:ISBN978-92-68-15531-8ISSN:2812-099Xdoi:10.2785/659794KS-ET-24-001-EN-N

Foreword

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusinesspresentsa

selectionofbusinessstatisticsfortheEuropean

Union(EU),EUcountriesandEuropeanFreeTrade

Association(EFTA)countries,drawingfromthe

richcollectionofdatathatareavailableatEurostat.

Businessstatisticscanbeusedtodescribethe

structure,conductandperformanceofbusinesses

intheEUatadetailedsectorallevel.Theycanalso

beusedtoidentifyemergingtrendswithintheEU’s

businesseconomy,tracingmonthlyorquarterly

developmentsforindicatorssuchasoutput,output

pricesorlabourinput.

partsofthebusinesseconomystartswithan

overviewoftheeconomicstructure(intermsof

valueaddedandemployment)andthenshows

developmentsthroughto2023.The2024edition

isenhancedwithdataonmultinationalenterprise

groupsaswellasonelectricandhybridcars.

Severalissueshaveimpactedbusinessesacross

theEUinrecentyears.TheseincludetheCOVID-19

pandemic,itsrelatedrestrictionsanditslonger-term

disruptionofsupplychains,aswellashigherlevelsof

inflationandtheRussianmilitaryaggressionagainst

Ukraineandtherelatedsanctions.

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusinessoffersabalanced

setofindicators.Itstartswithanoverviewofthe

businesseconomyandisfollowedbymoredetailed

presentationsofits4specificparts–industry,

construction,distributivetradesandothermarket

services.Thepublicationcloseswithachapteron

tourism.Eachofthechaptersfocusingondifferent

Eurostat’smostup-to-datestatisticsshowingthe

economicandsocialimpactsofvariousrecentevents

canbefoundonlineintheEuropeanStatistical

MonitorandtheEuroindicatorsdashboard.

Ihopethatyoufindthispublicationinterestingand

useful.

PetraSneijers

ActingDirectorofBusinessandTradeStatistics,

Eurostat

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition3

Abstract

Abstract

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusinesspresentsaselectionofbusinessstatisticsfortheEuropeanUnion

(EU),EUcountriesandEFTAcountries.Forsomereaders,thispublicationmayofferanintroduction

toEuropeanbusinessstatistics,whileotherscanuseitasastartingpointtoexplorefurtherawide

rangeofdataandinformation.ThesearefreelyavailableonEurostat’swebsiteandinStatistics

Explainedarticles.

Editors

Eurostat,UnitB4–Disseminationandusersupport

Eurostat,UnitG3–Businesscycle;short-termstatistics

Contactdetails

Eurostat

BatimentJosephBech

5,rueAlphonseWeicker

2721Luxembourg

E-mail:estat-user-support@ec.europa.eu

Productionandlayout

INFORMAs.àr.l.workingundercontractforEurostat

Formoreinformation

Eurostat’swebsite:https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat

StatisticsExplained:https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained

Acknowledgements

TheeditorsofthispublicationwouldliketothankcolleaguesinEurostatwhowereinvolvedinits

preparation.

?EurostatUnitG1–Coordinationandinfrastructuredevelopment:IsabelleCollet,PauGayàRiera,

EnricaMorgantiandTatianaMrlianova

?EurostatUnitG2–Europeanbusinesses:GemmaAsero,Andreia-MihaelaD?nil?,Christophe

Demunter,Roxana-DianaIlisei,JukkaJalava,GregorKyi,RenataLewczuk,RenataMinich,Pierre

NinaneandSarmiteVisocka

?EurostatUnitG3–Businesscycle;short-termstatistics:JussiAla-Kihni?,AlexandruGherasim,

ValentinIvanov,ThomasJaegers,Constantin-AlinPopescu,PetraSneijersandZsoltV?lfinger

?EurostatUnitG4–Innovationanddigitalisation:UrskaArsenjuk,AlvaroDiezSoto,DimoDimov,

DanielaEnache,MichaelaGrell,MagdalenaKaminska,?tefaniaPanaitescuandSorina-CarmenVaju

?EurostatUnitG5–Tradeingoods:UlrichEidmann,MicheleMarottaandAntonRoodhuijzen

?EurostatUnitG6–Tradeinservices;globalisation:AgneBikauskaite,GeorgiosPapadopoulosand

IliyanaSavova

4

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition

Contents

Foreword3

Introduction6

Businessdynamics9

Sizeofbusinesses10

Multinationalenterprisegroups13

Entrepreneurship16

Researchanddevelopment21

Innovation24

Digitaltransformation27

Sectoraloverview29

Industry37

Structure38

Developments41

Focusonhigh-techindustry44

Focusonhybridandelectriccars46

Construction47

Structure48

Developments51

Focusonbuildingconstruction54

Distributivetrades57

Structure58

Developments62

Othermarketservices67

Structure68

Developments73

Focusoninformationandcommunicationservices75

Tourism79

Structure80

Tourismflows81

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition5

Introduction

EurostatisthestatisticalofficeoftheEuropeanUnion

(EU).Ourmissionistoprovidehigh-qualitystatistics

onEurope,offeringbothcitizensanddecision-makers

keyinformationontheEU’seconomy,societyand

environment.

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusinessdescribesthe

currentbusinesseconomyoftheEUandthe

EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation(EFTA)countries.

Short-termbusinessstatisticsandtourismstatistics

aregenerallypresenteduntiltheendof2023,

revealingtheimpactofrecenthigherlevelsof

inflation.Structuralbusinessstatisticsarenow

availableforthe2021referenceyear,stillreflecting

theimpactoftheCOVID-19pandemicand

containmentmeasures.

Structureofthepublication

ondifferentpartsofthebusinesseconomy(industry,

construction,distributivetradesandothermarket

services),andafinalchapterfocusingontourism.

Eachofthe4chaptersfocusingonpartsofthe

businesseconomystartswithanoverviewoftheir

structure.Theycontinuewithinformationonannual

developmentsfrom2015until2023(thelatestyear

forwhichannualindicesareavailableatthetimeof

writing);somequarterlydataareavailableforthe

firstquarterof2024.In3ofthesechapters,readers

canfindinformationonaparticularaspect:high-

techsectorsandproductsforindustry,buildingsfor

construction,andinformationandcommunication

servicesforothermarketservices.

Thetourismchapterfirstpresentsastructural

overview,thenlooksatinformationonnightsspent

intouristaccommodationandnightsbookedthrough

mainbookingplatforms.

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusinessprovidesan

overviewofthewealthofinformationaboutthe

businesseconomy,whichisavailableonEurostat’s

websiteandinitsonlinedatabase.

Thepublicationisdividedintoanoverviewofthe

wholebusinesseconomy,apresentationofthe

businesseconomy’sstructure,4chaptersfocusing

Dataextractionandcoverage

Dataextraction

Thestatisticaldatapresentedinthispublication

wereextractedinAprilorMay2024.Eurostat’sonline

databasemaycontainreviseddata.

6

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition

Introduction

Spatialdatacoverage

ThispublicationpresentsinformationfortheEU

(asum/averagecoveringthe27EUcountries),its

individualcountries(MemberStates)andEFTA

countries.

Thecountriesinthefiguresareusuallyranked

accordingtothevaluesfortheindicator(s)illustrated.

Referencesinthepublicationtonorthern,eastern,

southernorwesternEuropearebasedongroupings

inEUvocabularies.

Timeseriesfromshort-termbusinessstatisticsare

presentedinmostchaptersofthispublication:the

entrepreneurshippartofChapter1;thedevelopments

partsofChapters3to6;andthefocuspartsof

Chapters4(focusonbuildingconstruction)and6

(focusoninformationandcommunicationservices).

Theindicespresentedinthesetimeserieswere

compiledwith2021astheirbaseyear.Reflectingthe

factthattimeseriesinthispublicationarepresented

from2015,thesetimeserieshavebeenre-referenced

to2015=100.

ThemapontheinsidecoverpageshowstheEUand

EFTAcountries,pinpointingtheircapitalcities.

Countrycodesandnames

BEBelgium

BGBulgaria

CZCzechia

DKDenmark

DEGermany

EEEstonia

IEIreland

ELGreece

ESSpain

FRFrance

HRCroatia

ITItaly

CYCyprus

LVLatvia

LTLithuania

LULuxembourg

HUHungary

MTMalta

NLNetherlands

ATAustria

PLPoland

PTPortugal

RORomania

SISlovenia

SKSlovakia

FIFinland

SESweden

ISIceland

LILiechtenstein

NONorway

CHSwitzerland

Temporaldatacoverage

Ifdataforareferenceyear(orreferenceperiod)aren’t

availableforacountry,theauthorsmadeeffortsto

completethecoveragewithdataforthenextmost

recentreferenceyear.Theseexceptionsarefootnoted.

Readersshouldpayparticularattentiontothese

deviationswhenthestandardreferenceyearis2020or

2021:forsomeindicators–particularlythoseimpacted

bytheCOVID-19crisis–largechangesin2020and/or

2021meanthatearlierdatamaynotbeagoodproxy

formissing2020or2021data.

Economicactivitycoverage

Thestatisticalclassificationofeconomicactivitiesin

theEuropeanCommunity(NACERev.2)isusedto

defineeconomicactivities.Withinthispublication,

thefollowingtermsforrangesofeconomic

activitiesareapplied–allbasedontheNACERev.2

classification.

?Alleconomicactivities/wholeeconomy–

SectionsAtoU.

?Businesseconomy–coversindustry,construction,

distributivetradesandothermarketservices(as

definedbySectionsBtoSexcludingSectionOand

Division94).Thiscoverageisusedforstructural

businessstatistics,businessdemography,and

businessregistrationsandbankruptcies.

?Coreinnovationactivities–coversindustry;

transportationandstorageservices;information

andcommunicationservices;financialand

insuranceactivities;wholesaletrade;architectural

andengineeringactivities,technicaltestingand

analysis;scientificresearchanddevelopment;

advertisingandmarketresearch(asdefinedby

SectionsBtoE,H,J,KandDivisions46and71to

73).

?Industry–coversminingandquarrying;

manufacturing;electricity,gas,steamandair

conditioningsupply;watersupply,sewerage,

wastemanagementandremediationactivities

(asdefinedbySectionsBtoE).Fortheindustrial

productionindexasusedinChapter3(sectionon

‘Developments’),industryexcludeswatersupply,

sewerage,wastemanagementandremediation

activities(asdefinedbySectionE).

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition7

Introduction

?Manufacturing–SectionC.

?High-techmanufacturing–coversthe

manufactureofbasicpharmaceuticalproducts

andpharmaceuticalpreparations;themanufacture

ofcomputer,electronicandopticalproducts;the

manufactureofairandspacecraftandrelated

machinery(asdefinedbyDivisions21and26and

Group30.3).

?Construction–coverstheconstruction

ofbuildings;civilengineering;specialised

constructionactivities(asdefinedbySectionF).

?Non-financialservicesasusedforshort-term

businessstatisticsinChapter6(sectionon

‘Developments’)–generallycoversSectionsHto

JandLtoN.Someactivitiesaren’tcovered,such

asactivitiesofheadoffices,scientificresearchand

development,andveterinaryactivities.

?Othermarketservices–coversmarketservices

outsideofdistributivetrades(asdefined

bySectionsHtoSexcludingSectionOand

Division94).

?Coreinnovationservices–coverstransportation

andstorageservices;informationand

communicationservices;financialandinsurance

activities;wholesaletrade;architecturaland

engineeringactivities,technicaltestingand

analysis;scientificresearchanddevelopment;

advertisingandmarketresearch(asdefinedby

SectionsH,J,KandDivisions46and71to73).

?Distributivetrades–coverswholesaleandretail

trade;repairofmotorvehiclesandmotorcycles(as

definedbySectionG).

?Informationandcommunicationservices–covers

publishingactivities;motionpicture,videoand

televisionprogrammeproduction,soundrecording

andmusicpublishingactivities;programming

andbroadcastingactivities;telecommunications;

computerprogramming,consultancyandrelated

activities;informationserviceactivities(asdefined

bySectionJ).

?Touristaccommodation–covershotelsandsimilar

accommodation;holidayandothershort-stay

accommodation;campinggrounds,recreational

vehicleparksandtrailerparks(asdefinedby

Groups55.1to55.3).

FormoreinformationabouttheNACERev.2

classification,pleaserefertoEurostat’sdedicated

sectiononNACE.

Notesandflags

Notesandflagsareusedtoexplainanddefine

specificcharacteristicsofdata.Inthispublication,

thesehavebeenrestrictedasfaraspossibleinorder

toallowmorespaceforillustratingthedata.This

publicationincludesonlythemainnotesneeded

tointerpretthedataandtohighlightwhendatafor

1yearhavebeenreplacedbydataforanother.Data

notshowninindividualfiguresmaysimplynotbe

availableormaybeconfidential.Thefullsetofnotes

andflagsisavailableonEurostat’swebsiteviathe

onlinedatacode(s)presentedforeachmaporfigure.

AccessingEuropeanstatistics

ThesimplestwaytoaccessEurostat’swiderangeof

statisticalinformationisthroughEurostat’swebsite.

Eurostatprovidesuserswithfreeaccesstoits

databaseandpublications.Thewebsiteisupdated

dailyandpresentsthelatestandmostcomprehensive

statisticalinformationavailableontheEUaswellas

individualEU,EFTAandenlargementcountries(for

somedatasets,informationmaybeprovidedfora

widerrangeofnon-EUcountries).

Youcanuseonlinedatacodes,suchassbs_ovw_act,

tofindthemostrecentdatainEurostat’sonline

databaseorusingtheEurostatwebsite’ssearch

function.Thesedatacodesareincludedinthesource

beloweachmaporfigure.

Someoftheindicatorspresentedinthispublication

canbecomplex.TheStatisticsExplainedwebsite

providesacomprehensiveonlineglossarycontaining

definitionsofabroadrangeofstatisticalindicators,

conceptsandterms.Wheneveraspecialisttermis

usedinthetext,it’slinkedtoitsglossarydefinition.

8

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition

1

Businessdynamics

1

Businessdynamics

Sizeofbusinesses

Businessstatisticscoverindustry,construction,distributivetradesandothermarket

services.Theyexcludesomeeconomicactivities,suchasagriculture,forestryandfishing

aswellaspublicadministration.

Keybusinessstatisticsforthebusinesseconomy

(EU,2021)

In2021,therewere31.0millionenterprisesintheEU’sbusinesseconomy.

Togethertheyemployed156.1millionpersonsandcreated€9.4trillionof

wealthasmeasuredbyvalueadded.

Note:thebusinesseconomycovers

industry,construction,distributive

tradesandothermarketservices.

Source:Eurostat(onlinedatacode:

sbs_ovw_act)

10

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition

1Businessdynamics

Keybusinessstatisticsinthebusinesseconomy

(%,shareforeachenterprisesizeclass,EU,2021)

Note:enterprises,estimatesmadeforthepurposeofthis

publication.Somesharesdonotsumto100.0%forreasonsof

rounding.

Source:Eurostat(onlinedatacode:sbs_sc_ovw)

In2021,theoverwhelmingmajority(99.1%)ofactive

EUbusinessesweremicroorsmallenterprises

employingfewerthan50persons.Theireconomic

weightwaslowerintermsoftheircontribution

toemploymentorvalueadded:microandsmall

enterprisesemployedjustunderhalf(49.0%)of

theEU’sbusinesseconomyworkforce,whilethey

contributedjustoveronethird(35.4%)ofthevalue

added.

In2021,therewere51000largeenterprises(with250

ormorepersonsemployed(1))intheEU’sbusiness

economy.Theselargeenterprisesrepresentedless

than1%(just0.2%)ofthetotalnumberofenterprises.

However,theireconomicweightwasconsiderably

greater:largeenterprisesemployedmorethanone

third(35.6%)oftheEU’sbusinesseconomyworkforce

andgeneratedanevenhighershareofitswealth

(47.5%ofvalueadded).

(1)Employeesandself-employedpersons.

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition11

1

Businessdynamics

Valueaddedinthebusinesseconomy

(%,shareofthetotalvalueaddedforeachenterprisesizeclass,2021)

Note:rankedontheshareforlarge.PT:excludingrealestate

activities.CY:excludingminingandquarrying;electricity,gas,

steamandairconditioningsupply;realestateactivities;arts,

entertainmentandrecreation.

Source:Eurostat(onlinedatacode:sbs_sc_ovw)

Overall,largeenterprisescontributedthemostvalue

addedintheEU’sbusinesseconomyin2021(47.5%),

followedbymicroandsmallenterprises(35.4%).

In2021,microandsmallenterprisescontributed

morethanhalfofthevalueaddedinthebusiness

economiesofEstoniaandCyprus.Bycontrast,large

enterpriseswereresponsibleforapproximatelyhalf

ofvalueaddedinthebusinesseconomiesofSweden

andPoland,51.5%inGermanyand55.9%inFrance;

thissharepeakedat63.1%inIreland.

12

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition

1Businessdynamics

Multinationalenterprisegroups

Multinationalenterprisegroups

(%,shareforaggregatedcountriesofcontrol,EUandEFTA,2022)

Source:Eurostat(onlinedatacodes:egr_mneandegr_mne_empw)

Therewere146000multinationalenterprise(MNE)

groupsoperatinginEUand/orEFTA(hereafterEU-

EFTA)countriesin2022.Nearlytwothirds(64%)of

theseMNEgroupswerecontrolledfromEUcountries,

9%fromEFTAcountriesand27%fromcountries

outsideofEU-EFTA.In2022,morethan130countries

outsideEU-EFTAcontrolledatleast1MNEgroup

operatinginEU-EFTA.Amongthem,thecountries

thatcontrolledthelargestnumbersoftheseMNE

groupsweretheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStates

andChina(includingHongKong).

In2022,aroundafifthofMNEgroupsinEU-EFTA

countrieswereinvolvedindistributivetrades(19.1%).

Thenextlargestshareswereinmanufacturing

(18.2%),scientificandtechnicalactivities(13.3%),and

financialandinsuranceactivities(10.5%).

However,intermsofemployment,manufacturing

hadthelargestshare,employing33.5%ofthepersons

workinginMNEgroupsinEU-EFTA,followedby

distributivetradeswith16.7%.

EmploymentinMNEgroupsoperatinginEU-EFTA

totalled48million:76%ofpersonsworkedin

groupscontrolledfromanEUcountry,7%ingroups

controlledfromEFTAcountriesand17%ingroups

controlledfromcountriesoutsidetheseareas.

MNEgroupshaveasignificantimpactonemployment:

28%ofthetotalnumberofpersonsemployedinthe

EUbusinesseconomyin2022workedforMNEgroups.

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition13

1

Businessdynamics

Personsemployedinmultinationalenterprisegroups

(%,shareforeachmultinationalenterprisegroupsizeclass,2022)

Source:Eurostat(onlinedatacode:egr_mne_empw)

Acrossthewholeeconomy,MNEgroupsoperatingin

EU-EFTAcountriesareverypolarisedintermsofsize,

witharelativelysmallnumberofthembeinglargeor

verylargeandeconomicallyrelevant.In2022,86%of

theMNEgroupsweresmallormedium-sized(fewer

than250persons)andemployedonly7%ofthetotal

numberofpersonsemployedbyMNEgroupsinEU-

EFTA.Bycontrast,the8%oflargeMNEgroups(250to

999persons)andthe6%ofverylargeones(atleast

1000persons)accountedfor82%and11%respectively

ofthetotalnumberofpersonsemployedbyMNE

groupsinEU-EFTA.

TheshareofpersonswhoworkedforverylargeMNE

groupswashighestinFrance(90%),Spain(88%)and

Germany(85%).Bycontrast,thissharewaslowestin

severalofthesmallerEUcountries,andwasbelow50%

inEstonia,Cyprus,Latvia,MaltaandSlovakia.

14

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition

1Businessdynamics

Personsemployedinmultinationalenterprisegroups

(%,shareforeachmultinationalenterprisegroupsizeclass,EUandEFTA,2022)

Source:Eurostat(onlinedatacode:egr_mne_empw)

Amongthe3activitieswiththelargestnumbersofMNE

groups,83%ofpersonsemployedinMNEgroupsin

distributivetradesworkedinlargeMNEgroups(250to

999persons).Formanufacturing,thissharewas77%,while

forprofessional,scientificandtechnicalactivitiesitwas

69%.Bothmanufacturingaswellasprofessional,scientific

andtechnicalactivitieshadaboveaveragesharesof

employmentinlarge(ratherthanverylarge)MNEgroups.

Theshareofpersonsemployedinsmallormedium-

sizedMNEgroups(fewerthan250persons)was16%in

professional,scientificandtechnicalactivities,justover

doubletheaverageshareforthewholeeconomy(7%).

Employmentconcentrationinthe4largestmultinationalenterprisegroups

(%,EU,2022)

Theindustryconcentration

isdefinedasameasureof

theextenttowhichindustry

salesaredominatedby

1ormorebusinesses.Using

theemploymentofenterprises

withintheMNEgroups,and

aggregatingitbyactivity,one

Source:Eurostat(onlinedatacode:egr_conc)

In2022,thehighestconcentrationratiointheEUwasinelectricity,

gas,steamandairconditioningsupplyactivities:21%ofallpersons

employedinthisactivitywereemployedinenterprisesbelongingto

4MNEgroups.Thenexthighestconcentrationratioswererecordedfor

miningandquarrying(13%),transportationandstorage(9%),andwater

supply,sewerage,wastemanagementandremediationactivities(also

9%).

canmeasuretheshareofthe

totalemploymentconcentrated

inthelargest4MNEgroups.

Inthisway,aproxyforthe

industryconcentrationis

obtained.

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition15

1

Businessdynamics

Entrepreneurship

Enterprisebirthanddeathrates

inthebusinesseconomy

(%,2021)

Source:Eurostat(onlinedatacodes:bd_l_form)

Businessdemographyisatermusedforstudyingthe

characteristicsofthepopulationofenterprises.The

creation(orbirth)ofnewenterprisesandtheclosure

(ordeath)ofenterprisesareimportantindicatorsfor

businessdynamics.

In2021,theEUenterprisebirthrate(thenumber

ofbirthsasapercentageofthenumberofactive

enterprises)inthebusinesseconomywas10.7%.This

ratiorangedfromahighof20.2%inLithuaniadown

to3.1%inEstonia.

Enterprisedeathsconcernthepermanentclosure

ofanenterprise.In2021,thepreliminaryenterprise

deathrateintheEU’sbusinesseconomywas8.5%,

rangingfromhighsof23.4%and22.6%inEstonia

andLithuania,respectively,downtoalowof2.2%in

Greece.

Byfarthelargestdifferencebetweentheenterprise

birthanddeathratesin2021wasinEstonia,withthe

deathrate20.3percentagepointsabovethebirth

rate.Bycontrast,inMaltatheenterprisebirthratewas

9.2pointsabovethedeathrate.

16

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition

1Businessdynamics

Employmentgrowthrateforsurvivingenterprisesinthebusinesseconomy

(%,2021)

Source:Eurostat(onlinedatacode:bd_size)

Whilebusinessdynamicsarerelevantfortheoverallperformance

ofaneconomy,acrucialaspectforindividualentrepreneursand

employeesisthesurvivalanddevelopmentoftheirbusiness.

Thenumberofpersonsemployedin1-year-oldenterprisesinthe

EUin2021was37%higherthaninthesameenterprisesinthe

yearoftheirbirth.Forenterprisesthatwere5yearsoldin2021,the

employmentincreasewas88%.

AmongtheEUcountries,the5-yeargrowthrateofthenumberof

personsemployedforsurvivingenterprisesin2021washighestin

Austria(up282%)andFinland(up239%).

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition17

1

Businessdynamics

High-growthenterprises

(%,shareofthetotalnumberofenterprisesineachactivity,EU,2021)

Enterprisecreationand

subsequentbusinessgrowthcan

haveaconsiderableimpacton

employment.

In2021,high-growthenterprises

accountedfor9.2%ofallenterprises

with10ormoreemployeesinthe

EU’sbusinesseconomy.These

enterpriseswereparticularlycommonintheinformationand

communicationsector(16.4%),while

attheotherendoftherange,other

serviceactivities(exceptactivitiesof

membershiporganisations)hadthe

lowestshare(4.5%).

€

Ahigh-growthenterprise

isdefinedwithinbusiness

demographystatisticsasonethat

hadatleast10employeesatthe

beginningoftheperiodstudied

andwhosenumberofemployees

grew,onaverage,bymorethan

10%peryearovera3-yearperiod.

Note:miningandquarryingandelectricity,gas,

steamandairconditioningsupply,notavailable.

Source:Eurostat(onlinedatacode:bd_hg)

18

KeyfiguresonEuropeanbusiness–2024edition

1Businessdynamics

High-growthenterprises

(%,shareofthetotalnumberofenterprisesinthebusinesseconomy,2021)

Note:seeearlierforthedefinitionofahigh-growthenterprise.

Source:Eurostat(onlinedatacode:bd_hg)

In2021,high-growthenterprisesaccountedfor

around1in6ofallenterpriseswith10ormore

employeesintheSwedishbusinesseconomy.There

were12EUcountrieswherehigh-growthenterprises

accountedforfe