Unit1PeopleofAchievement詞匯用法與單句練習課件高中英語人教版選擇性

UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENTTrytobecomenotamanofsuccess,buttryrathertobecomeamanofvalue.—AlbertEinstein努力不是為了功成名就，而是為了成為有價值的人?！柌亍垡蛩固筽art11.crucial關(guān)鍵的---crucially關(guān)鍵地2.vitaladj必不可少的---vitallyadv生死攸關(guān)地3.commitv.承諾；保證---committedadj堅定的；堅信的---commitmentn忠誠；獻身4.objectiveadj.客觀的；n目標---objectn物體；目標；v反對---objectionn反對objectto(doing)sth反對(做)某事---subjectiveadj.主觀的5.evaluatevt.評價，評估--evaluationn.評估，評價6.distinctadj清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的---distinctlyadv.清楚地；明顯地---distinctionn區(qū)別；差別---distinctiveadj.獨特的；特別的；有特色的派生詞總結(jié)7.obtainvt贏得；獲得；vi規(guī)章、習俗的存在---obtainableadj可得到的8.acknowledgevt承認；公開感謝---acknowledgedadj公認的---acknowledgementn承認；感謝9.defeatvt擊??；戰(zhàn)勝；n挫敗---defeatedadj被擊敗的；受挫的10.analysevt分析---analystn分析者---analysisn分析；化驗分析；心理分析11.insistv堅持；堅決要求---insistencen堅決要求；堅持主張---insistentadj堅持的；堅決要求的12.scientificadj科學的；關(guān)于科學的---sciencen科學---scientistn科學家---scientificallyadv.合乎科學地派生詞總結(jié)1.botanicaladj.植物學的---botanicallyadv.植物學地---botanyn.植物學---botanistn.植物學家2.academyn.

研究院；學會；?？圃盒?--academicadj.

學業(yè)的；學術(shù)的---academicallyadv.學術(shù)上派生詞總結(jié)

1.crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵性的①becrucialto/for對.....至關(guān)重要

②acrucialfactor/issue/decision關(guān)鍵性的因素/問題/決③Itiscrucialtodo..做......是至關(guān)重要的。④Itiscrucialthat....(should)do...是至關(guān)重要的同義詞：important;significant;vital;essential(本質(zhì)的，必不可少的，極其重要的)①Theearlylearningiscrucialto/forachild'seducationaldevelopment.早期學習對孩子的教育發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。②Itiscrucialthatallstudents(should)developthesebasicskills.所有學生都要提高這些基本技能，這是極其重要的。詞匯用法與例題①What'sworse,somedriversdonotthinkthatitisvitaltoobeytrafficrules.更糟糕的是，一些司機認為遵守交通規(guī)則并不重要。②Itisvitalthatwe(should)beinagoodstateofmindinthefaceoffailure.面對失敗，我們要有良好的心態(tài)，這很重要2.vitaladj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機的①beofvitalimportance至關(guān)重要②bevitalto/for對......至關(guān)重要③Itisvitaltodosth.做某事很重要④Itisvitalthat...(should)do..至關(guān)重要的是...(應(yīng)該)做詞匯用法與例題①MrLiisacommittedteacherwhoisverypopularamongstudents.②Thoughjournalistsarecommittedto

presentingthetruth,itisbettertouseourownjudgementthanrelyentirelyonnewsreports.

③

TheNationalModelWorkerwasawardedtoYuanLongpingforhiscommitment

andcontributiontoChineseagriculture.3.committed

adj.盡心盡力的，堅定的，堅信的

①becommittedto(doing)sth.

盡力做某事;致力于做某事【=bedevotedtodoing】commit：v.承諾；保證；忠于；全身心的投入；犯錯誤；花(錢或時間)①commitanerror/amistake犯錯

②commitacrime犯罪③commitsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.承諾某人(做)某事④commitsth.tosth.把某物投入某事上⑤committosb./sth.忠于某人/某事⑥commitanhourtoreadingEnglish花一小時讀英語commitment:投入，奉獻，承諾

①makeacommitmentto

do/doingsth.保證/承諾做某事②carryoutone’scommitment履行某人的承諾③makeacommitmenttosb./sth.對某人/某物作出承諾呈現(xiàn)真相，我們最好還是運用自己的判斷力，而非完全依賴新聞報道。

全國勞動模范awardsb.sth.=awardsth.tosb.(for原因)4.objectiven.目標；目的adj.客觀的(1)n.目標；目的①withtheobjectiveof...以...為目標②setanobjective制定目標同義詞:target;goal;aim;purpose(2)adj.客觀的①anobjectiveassessment客觀評價②objectivedescription客觀描述①asubjectiveimpression主觀印象②asubjectivejudgement/opinion主觀判斷/觀點①Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience.大多數(shù)演講的目的是使聽眾受益。②Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives.另一種設(shè)定實際目標的方法是分析你的短期和長期目標。③Anoutsidercangiveamoreobjective

assessmentthanafriend.外人可以給出比朋友更客觀的評價。5.obtainvt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得；贏得vi.(規(guī)章、習俗等)存在；流行①obtain...from/out

of/through...從……中得到……②obtainone'spermission得到某人許可

③get/obtainadmissionto獲準進入/加入④obtainemployment就業(yè)，找到工作

⑤obtaininformation獲得信息①Scientistshave

obtained

moreevidencethatplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.科學家們獲得了更多的證據(jù)，證明塑料正在進入人體。

un.證據(jù)6.distinctadj.清晰的，清楚的，有區(qū)別的①bedistinctfrom與.....截然不同②Itisdistinctthat...很明顯......distinction:[C]差別，區(qū)別；[U]區(qū)分，辨別，優(yōu)秀①makeadistinction區(qū)分開來；區(qū)別對待②makenodistinction沒有區(qū)別③distinctionbetween...and........和......之間的差別④asinger/writerofdistinction一名杰出的歌手/作家①Idistinctly(distinct)heardsomeonecallingme.我清楚地聽到有人在叫我。②Thetwoflowersarequitedistinctfromoneanother,soitiseasytomakeadistinction(distinct)betweenthem.兩種花很不相同，所以很容易把它們區(qū)分開來。distinctiondistinction7.acknowledgevt.承認(屬實、權(quán)威等);(公開)感謝①acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth承認做了某事②acknowledgesb/sthtobe..../as...承認某人/某物是……③acknowledgethat...承認……④it’sgenerally/universally/widelyacknowledgedthat...人們公認……⑤inacknowledgementofsth對某事表示感謝①Heisacknowledged

asoneofthegreatestpianists.他被認為是最杰出的鋼琴家之一②It'sgenerallyacknowledgedthateducationshouldn'tbemeasuredonlybyexaminationresults.人們普遍認為教育不應(yīng)該單純用考試成績來衡量。Iwassentafreecopyinacknowledgementofmycontribution.我收到一本贈刊，表示對我投稿的謝意。Heacknowledgedmygreetingwithanod.他點頭答謝我的問候acknowledge...with用....（表達）感謝8.defeatn.失??；挫敗vt.擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使(計劃、希望等)落空；使受挫

n.失?。淮鞌?/p>

①acknowledge/admit/accept/facedefeat承認失敗/認輸/接受失敗/面臨失?、赼narrow/heavydefeat惜敗/慘敗

vt.擊??；戰(zhàn)勝；使(計劃、希望等)落空；使受挫①defeattheenemy擊敗敵人②defeatallthecompetitors擊敗所有的競爭對手①Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointment,weweredefeated作為新隊的教練，我很興奮，因為我知道我們會贏，但讓我失望的是，我們被打敗了。①Apparently,blindlyfollowingothers'advicewillaffectourownjudgment.顯然，盲目地聽從別人的建議會影響我們自己的判斷。②Itwasapparentfromherfacethatshewasreallymiserable.從面容上明顯可以看出她非常痛苦。9.apparentlyadv.顯而易見;看來;顯然

apparentadj.顯而易見的;顯然的;表面上的①anapparentreason明顯的原因

②Itisapparentthat..顯而易見的是.....③Itisapparentfromsth.that..某事表明......

④Itisapparenttosb.that...某人明白....advisev.adviceUn.

10.insistvi.&Vt.堅持；堅決要求①insiston/upon(doing).堅決要求(做).....②堅決要求(從句用虛擬語氣)_______________________

堅持說;堅持認為(從句用陳述語氣):_________________①Mymominsistsonuseatinghealthyfoodratherthanjunkfood.我媽媽堅持要我們吃健康的食品而不是垃圾食品。②Thedoctorinsistedthatmymother(should)stayathomeforatleastthreemonths.醫(yī)生堅持要求我母親至少在家休息三個月。③Aliceinsistedthatshehaddonenothingwronginplayingthejoke.艾麗絲堅持說她開玩笑并沒有什么錯。insist(that)+(should)doinsist(that)

11.boilvt.&vi.(使)沸騰；煮開；燒開vi.大怒n.沸騰；沸點①boilwithanger怒火中燒，非常憤怒②Awatchedpotneverboils.心急吃不了熱豆腐。

③boiledwater燒開的水(可指涼開水)

④boilingwater沸騰的水12.academyn.

(藝術(shù)，文學，科學等的)研究院；學會；?？圃盒cademyn.

研究院；學會；專科院校---academicadj.

學業(yè)的；學術(shù)的---academicallyadv.學術(shù)上Theauthorhassettledforamoreacademic

(academy)approach那位作者已確定采用更為學術(shù)的方法。part21.concludevt.斷定;推斷出→conclusionn.結(jié)論;推論→conclusiveadj.結(jié)論性的;毋庸置疑的2.noveln.(長篇)小說adj.新穎的;珍奇的→novelistn.小說家3.foundvt.創(chuàng)建;建立→foundationn.創(chuàng)建;基金會→foundern.創(chuàng)建者;創(chuàng)始人4.infervt.推斷;推定→inferencen.推斷;推論5.politiciann.從政者;政治家;政客→politicsn.政治→politicaladj.與政治有關(guān)的→policyn.政策6.numerousadj.眾多的;許多的→numerouslyadv.無數(shù)地【詞根是number】7.theory

n.理論;學說→theoreticaladj.理論的;假設(shè)的派生詞總結(jié)8.relatev.敘述;有關(guān)聯(lián)→relativityn.相對論;相對性→relationn.聯(lián)系→relativeadj.相對的n.親戚→relativelyadv.相當?shù)?相對地9.gentleadj.溫柔的→gentlyadv.溫柔地→gentlenessn.溫柔10.passionn.酷愛;激情→passionateadj.有激情的→passionatelyadv.激情地11.extraordinaryadj.非凡的;意想不到的→extraordinarilyadv.非常;格外地12.gradualadj.逐漸的;平緩的→graduallyadv.逐漸地;逐步地13.consequencen.結(jié)果;后果→consequentadj.隨之發(fā)生的→consequentlyadv.結(jié)果;因此;所以派生詞總結(jié)14.professorn.教授→professionn.職業(yè);行業(yè)→professionaladj.職業(yè)的n.專業(yè)

人士15.mournv.哀悼;憂傷→mournern.哀悼者→mournfuladj.哀痛的;悲傷的→mournfullyadv.悲哀地16.remarkv.&n.談?wù)?評論→remarkableadj.非凡的;顯著的→remarkablyadv.不同尋常地;驚人地派生詞總結(jié)①Icanconcludefrom

whatyouhavesaidthatyouareunhappyaboutthenews.

從你所說的話中，我可以推斷出你對這個消息不高興。②Weknowwellwhatdifficultieswehavetocopewithtobringourworktoasuccessful

conclusion

(conclude).我們很清楚，要使我們的工作圓滿結(jié)束，我們必須克服什么樣的困難。③Inconclusion,wehavelearnedalotfromtheactivity.總之，我們從這次活動中學到了很多。1.conclusionn.[C]結(jié)論;推論

①inconclusion總而言之=inaword,insummary,allinall,inbrief,inshort,tosum

up,insum②bring...toaconclusion使得......結(jié)束

concludevt.得出結(jié)論，推斷出v.(使)結(jié)束，終止①(從......)推斷出／斷定…concludesth.(fromsth.)；conclude(fromsth.)that...②以……結(jié)束：conclude(sth.)bydoing/withsth③toconclude最后（作結(jié)論用語）=inaword,inbrief,allinall,inshort,onthe

wholedowith;handle;manage①Undernocircumstancesis(be)anyoneallowedtousethetelephoneintheofficefor

personalaffairs.任何人在任何情況下都不允許為了個人事務(wù)而去使用辦公室的電話。②Rememberthatgoalsareflexible(靈活的).Theycanchangeaccordingto

circumstances

(circumstance).

記住目標是靈活的，它們可以根據(jù)情況而改變。③Itisusedincircumstanceswhere

banksarereluctanttolendforpropertypurchases.

它用于銀行不愿意為購買房產(chǎn)提供貸款的情況。2.circumstancen.條件;環(huán)境;狀況

①under/inthecircumstances在這種情況下，既然如此②under/innocircumstances絕不，無論如何不【放在句首時句子要部分倒裝】

=innosense;innoway;onnoaccount;bynomeans;innocase

Eg:Under/Innocircumstancescanyougoout.你絕對不可以出去?！就卣埂竣偃绻闆r允許:ifcircumstancesallow/permit②circumstance作先行詞時，后面的定語從句常用where引導，where在定語從句中作地點狀語。anyoneisallowedtousethetelephoneflexible=adaptableflexibilityn.①bereluctanttodo=beunwillingtodo

不愿意做某事②propertyn.財產(chǎn)③purchasen.&v.購買personaladj.個人的

personalityn.性格①Thecouple’smarriageisfoundedon

loveandrespect.

這對夫婦的婚姻建立在愛和尊重的基礎(chǔ)上。②MrSmith,thefounderoftheamusementpark,foundedabusinessschoollater,

whichlaidasolidfoundationfortheeconomicdevelopmentofthelocalarea.

史密斯先生是那個游樂園的創(chuàng)建者，后來他創(chuàng)辦了一所商學院，這為當?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟發(fā)展打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。3.foundvt.創(chuàng)建;建立;把......建立在（founded-founded-founding）①befoundedon=bebasedon建立在......基礎(chǔ)上

②foundationn.地基；基礎(chǔ)

laya(firm/solid)foundationfor...為...打下(堅實的)基礎(chǔ)③易混：findv.找到;查明(found-found-finding)

findingn.發(fā)現(xiàn)物

respectedadj.受尊敬的respectfuladj.表示敬意的respectableadj.值得尊敬的respectfullyadv.尊敬地local:adj.地方的;當?shù)氐膎.當?shù)厝?本地人4.infervt.推斷;推定(inferred-inferred-inferring)①infer...from...從......中推斷出......②Itcanbeinferredthat...可推斷出......②inferencen.[U]推斷[C]推斷的結(jié)果，結(jié)論draw/makeinferences推斷出結(jié)果③refer[r?'f?:(r)]v.

—referencen.

['ref(?)r?ns]prefer[pr?'f?:(r)]v.—preferencen.['pref(?)r?ns]infer[?n'f?:(r)]v.—inferencen.['?nf(?)r?ns]occur[?'k?:(r)]v.—occurrencen.[?'k?r?ns]①Muchofthemeaningmustbeinferred

from

thecontext.

許多意思必須從上下文中推斷出來。②Fromthepassageitcan

beinferred

(infer)thattheauthorhasapositive

attitudetothematter.

從文章中可以推斷出作者對此事持積極態(tài)度。③Myteacheraskedmewhat

inferences

(infer)Ihaddrawnfromthosefacts.

老師問我從這些事實中推斷出了什么結(jié)果。positive,optimisticwhat引導賓語從句，在從句中作定語，修飾inferencesIhaddrawnwhatinferencesfromthosefacts.matter:n.事情；麻煩；事項v.要緊，有關(guān)系Eg.Thechildrenmattermoretoherthananythingelseintheworld.5.passionn.酷愛；激情①developapassionfor對......產(chǎn)生愛好；培養(yǎng)......的熱情②haveapassionfor酷愛......

③haveapassiontodosth做某事的熱情④outofastrongpassionfor出于對......的熱情⑤withpassion充滿激情地=passionately;befilledwithpassionpassionateadj.熱情的bepassionateabout....對...熱情①Beinggoodatsomethingandhavingapassionforitarenotenough.僅僅擅長某件事并有激情是不夠的。②Myfirstrecommendationistopursuethetypeofpracticeyouare

passionate(passion)about.我的第一個建議是追求你所熱愛的實踐類型。③Theyareallpassionately(passion)interestedinenvironmentalissues.

他們都對環(huán)境問題非常感興趣。begoodat/dowellin(doing)sth.兩個動名詞短語作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)adj:beinterestedinn:haveastronginterestinpursue(v.)—pursuit(n.)befilled/crowded/packedwith;befullof6.consequencen.[C]結(jié)果;成果

①asaconsequence/inconsequence(=asaresult)結(jié)果②asaconsequenceof/inconsequenceof(=asaresultof)由于

③consequentadj.隨之發(fā)生的，作為結(jié)果的

consequentlyadv.因此，所以原因：resultfrom...;onaccountof;owingto;dueto;becauseof;asaresultof結(jié)果：resultin;bringabout;leadto;contributeto;asaresult

④易混：sequencen.順序sequentialadj.連續(xù)的sequentiallyad.從而;繼續(xù)地①Asevereearthquakestruckthecity,causingaconsequent(consequence)

shortageoffood.一場強烈的地震襲擊了這座城市，造成了隨之而來的糧食短缺。②Drunkdrivinghasbeenbanned.Consequently

(consequent),thetraffic

accidentsaredecreasing.酒后駕駛已被禁止。因此，交通事故正在減少。③Inconsequenceof

beingovertheagelimit,herapplicationwasrejected.

由于超過年齡限制，她的申請被拒絕了。strike—struck—struck/strickenflood-strickenarea洪災(zāi)區(qū)導致：cause/leadto/resultin/contributeto/bringabout/giveriseto/gooffdecrease減少increase增加berejected/refused被拒絕7.takeup拿起；接受；開始從事；繼續(xù)；占用(時間)；占據(jù)(空間)

①takeupaposition/post(as...)擔任（......）職位takeupachallenge接受挑戰(zhàn)

takeupalotoftime占用大量時間takeupspace/room占據(jù)空間takeupwriting開始從事寫作②takeapart拆開,拆卸takeover接管;接任takein吸收;收留;領(lǐng)會

takeon呈現(xiàn);承擔takedown拿下;記下takeoff脫下;起飛;突然開始成功;休假①Infact,surfingtheInternettakesupmostofhertime._占用__事實上，上網(wǎng)占用了她的大部分時間。②Afterstudyinginamedicalcollegeforfiveyears,Janetookupapostasa

doctorinthecountryside._擔任__

在醫(yī)學院學習五年后，Jane在鄉(xiāng)村當了一名醫(yī)生。③Theteachertookupthelessonwhereheleftofflastweek._繼續(xù)__老師接著上星期停下來的地方，繼續(xù)把課講下去。④Theextremeathletetookupthechallengeoftestinghermentalstrength.

__接受___極限運動員接受了考驗她精神力量的挑戰(zhàn)。8.encountern.[C]邂逅；遭遇vt.偶然碰到;遇到

①vt.遭遇(尤指困難的事)：encounterproblems/difficulties遇到問題/困難②n.相遇；經(jīng)歷(后常跟介詞with)：haveanencounterwith與......相遇③偶然碰到，碰見：comeacross;runacross;runinto④遇到（困難）:runinto;meetwith①Onara