Unit6DisasterandhopeUsinglanguageGrammar課件高中英語(yǔ)

1外研必修第三冊(cè)O(shè)NEforecastgrabtsunamireliablerescueemergencyv.預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)報(bào)v.攫取，抓住n.海嘯adj.可信賴(lài)的，可靠的v.營(yíng)救，解救n.

緊急情況，不測(cè)事件ReadafterthetapeandspeakouttheChineseimmediately.UsinglanguageGrammar-EllipsisDisasterandhopeUNITEllipsis省略-Excuseme!-Yes?-Isthisyourhandbag?-Pardon?-Isthisyourhandbag?-Yes,itis.-Thankyouverymuch.這段簡(jiǎn)短的對(duì)話(huà)中都省略了哪些詞呢？WatchandObserve-Excuseme!-Yes?-Isthisyourhandbag?-Pardon?-Isthisyourhandbag?-Yes,itis.-Thankyouverymuch.-(You)-(Ibegyour)pardon.myhandbag.-(I)Whydoweleavethemout?ObserveandsayLookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassage.a.It'sjusttypicalthatmyjourneyisononeoftheoldestlines,aswellasoneofthedeepest.b.Myofficeisonlyonthethirdfloorofthebuilding,soquitelow.P861Comparethemwiththefollowingsentencesandanswerthequestions.c.It'sjusttypicalthatmyjourneyisononeoftheoldestlines,aswellasoneofthedeepestlines.d.Myofficeisonlyonthethirdfloorofthebuilding,soitisquitelow.Whathasbeenleftoutin

sentences(a)and(b)?“Lines”hasbeenleftoutinsentence(a),and“itis”hasbeenleftoutinsentence(b).Whydoestheauthorleavethemout?Possibleanswer:

Theauthorleavesthemouttoavoidrepeatingthewordorexpressionthatistooobvious,andtomakethesentencesmoreconcise

(簡(jiǎn)潔的).Nowlet'slookformoresentenceswithellipsisinthereadingpassage.Ellipsis1.TheaveragehightemperatureinJulyisonly22degrees,soover30isnotusualforLondon.2.It'sjusttypicalthatmyjourneyisononeoftheoldestlines,aswellasoneofthedeepest.It'sthehottestonthewholeTubesystem.3.It'slovelyatthebeach,butnotsowhenyou'rewearingasuitandinacrowdofpassengers!4.EachsummerinLondondefinitelyseemshotterthanthelast.Findoutwhathavebeenleftout.1.TheaveragehightemperatureinJulyisonly22degrees,soover30________isnotusualforLondon.2.It'sjusttypicalthatmyjourneyisononeoftheoldestlines,aswellasoneofthedeepest.It'sthehottest______onthewholeTubesystem.3.It'slovelyatthebeach,but____notsowhenyou'rewearingasuitand______inacrowdofpassengers!4.EachsummerinLondondefinitelyseemshotterthanthelast________.degreesyou'reit'slinessummergo

Ready?Focuson基本用法Ellipsis定義：為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔化、并且為了避免重復(fù)，省略句中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)成分，這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)為省略（Ellipsis)?！?/p>

簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略·

并列句中的省略·

復(fù)合句中的省略·

其他省略簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略1.省略主語(yǔ):祈使句中的主語(yǔ)通常被省略;

其他省略主語(yǔ)的情況多限于少數(shù)固定的說(shuō)法。①(You)Comein,please.②(I)Seeyoutomorrow.③(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.④(I)Begyourpardon.2.省略主語(yǔ)和部分謂語(yǔ)①(Itis)Nicetoseeyou.②(Areyou)Ready?③(Wouldyoulike)Somethingtodrink?④(Youcome)Thisway,please.3.省略賓語(yǔ)①-DoyouknowMissHu?-Idon'tknow(her).②Tomenjoysdancing,butPeterhates(dancing).可以省略賓語(yǔ)的全部②

You'dbetternottakemedicineunlessyourdoctortoldyouto(takemedicine).②-HasMikefinishedhisproject?-Heseemstohave(finishedhisproject).在tobe或tohavedone結(jié)構(gòu)中，省略時(shí)往往保留be或have。①

Youdon'thavetodoitifyoudon'twantto(doit).動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，在后句的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，常省略與前句重復(fù)的to后面的內(nèi)容。①

IambusiernowthanIusedtobe(busy).4.省略表語(yǔ)①-Areyouthirsty?-Yes,Iam(thirsty).②Hisbrotherisn'tlazy.Norishissister(lazy).5.同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分①

-Areyoufeelingbetternow?-(I'mfeeling)Better(now).②

-Whendidyoureadthenovel?-(Ireadit)Longago.③

Let'smeetattheschoolgateasthesameas(wemet)yesterday.并列句中的省略①

Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn't(cometoschooltoseemethenextday).②

Lin'sfatherwasnotathome,buthismotherwas(athome).③

WhatIsaidmadeJackhappybut(whatIsaidmade)Janeangry.并列句中，后一個(gè)分句與前一個(gè)分句中相同的成分一般可以省略。復(fù)合句中的省略1.主句中的省略(It'sa)Pityyoucouldn'tcome.(1)主句的省略多見(jiàn)于句首，多用于口語(yǔ)。-ShallIgotoplay?-Ifyoulike(youcangotoplay).(2)在對(duì)話(huà)中答句省去整個(gè)主句只用從句。2.定語(yǔ)從句中的省略①Thebook(which/that)Iborrowedyesterdaywashers.關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。②Whoisthatman(who/whom)youweretalkingto？3.賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略PleasepassmeoneofthesebooksandIdon'tcarewhich(youpassme).(1)由which,when,where,how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，

可全部或部分省去，只保留引導(dǎo)詞。-Doyouthinkitwillrain?-Ihope(thatitwill)not(rain).(2)在I'mafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess等開(kāi)頭

的作答句中，后面跟so與not分別用于肯定或否定賓

語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可省去。①Theboybelieves(that)hewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.(3)賓語(yǔ)從句中常省略that,但多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句并列時(shí),通常

只省略第一個(gè)that。②Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.4.狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略①Youdon'thavetoswimifyoudon'twantto(swim).(1)狀語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在句末時(shí)，一般都可以作句尾省略。Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(ifIhadwantedto).(2)有時(shí)條件從句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。②Youcanaskmequestionsif(thereare)any(questions).Afterhalfanhour,shebecamequieter(thanshehadbeen).(3)以as,than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句可以全部或部分省去。①

When(youare)crossingtheroad,you'dbetterlookatbothsides.②

Unless(Iam)invitedIwillnotgo.③

While(hewas)onawalkingtourwithhiswife,

hestoppedtotalktoaworkman.(4)狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)如與主句的主語(yǔ)

指同一人或同一事，且從句里動(dòng)詞是be的某種形式時(shí)，

這時(shí)可省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。其他省略1.不定式符號(hào)to的省略Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的to。①

Iwillhelp(to)doitforyou.②

Iwillhelpyou(to)doit.(2)help當(dāng)“幫助”講時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)的不定式符號(hào)

to可帶可不帶。Theboydidnothingbutplay.(3)介詞but前若有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，后面不定式不帶to。①I(mǎi)sawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.②

Thebossmadeuswork12hoursaday.

Weweremadetowork12hoursaday.(4)某些使役動(dòng)詞(let,make,have)及感官動(dòng)詞(see,watch,hear,

notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等)后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

的不定式一定要省去to，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中須將to復(fù)原。Whatwecandonowis(to)wait.(5)主語(yǔ)從句中有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，后面作表語(yǔ)的不定式的to可帶

可不帶。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.2.條件從句中有should,were或had時(shí),可以省略if，

但要將should,were或had提至句首。3.一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略。Noparking.(Parkingisnotallowedhere.)Quiet!(Youshouldbequiethere.)(1)signs

/

labelsTurandotonstage.(TheoperaTurandotisbeingperformedonstage.)(2)newspaperheadlinesBestwishes.(Igiveyoumybestwishes.)(3)postcards

/

diariesOperaOK,costumesgreat.(TheoperawasOK,andthecostumesweregreat.)(4)notesReadtheparagraphandfindoutwhatwordshavebeenremovedbeforeoraftertheunderlinedwords.P862Technologyisn'ttheonlywaytoforecasttheweather.Naturehasitsways,too.Unusualanimalbehaviour,forexample,canindicatewhetherit'scold,wetweatherthat'sonthewayorahot,dryperiod.Iffisharejumpinghigherthanusualorfrogsarecroakingmore

loudly,itmayrain.Andnexttimeyoulookupatthesky,don'tjustlookforrainclouds,butalsoforbirds.Iftheyareflyinglow,grabyourumbrella.Itisalsosaidthatmiceandsnakesheadforsafergroundseveraldaysbeforeanearthquake,whiledogsavoidingthebeachmaybeasignthatatsunamiisapproaching.Ofcourse,althoughthesethingsmaysuggestsomethingbadisgoingtohappen,theywon'ttelluswhenandwhere.So,foraccurateandreliablepredictions,it'sbesttocheckanofficial,scientificreport.Possibleanswers:1.itsways(to

forecasttheweather)2.dryperiod(that'sontheway)

3.more

loudly

(thanusual)

4.butalso(look)forbirds

5.when(somethingbadis

goingtohappen)

and

where(somethingbadis

goingtohappen)^^^^^^CHINA’SRESCUEEFFORTSINNEPALThe8.1-magnitudeearthquakethathitNepalon25April2015,wasoneoftheworstearthquakesinhistory.Onhearingthenews,Chinawasquicktostartorganisingemergencyaid.Internationalrescueteamssoonbegantoarriveinthecountry.Amongstalltheinternationalheavyrescueteams,theChinaInternationalSearchandRescueTeam(CISAR)wasthefirstinternationalheavyrescueteamtoarrive.Consistingof62people,itnotonlyincludedrescuersandmedicalstaff,butalsoincludedearthquakeexperts.ByearlyMay,emergencyaidworth9.7millionUSdollarshadbeendonatedbyChina,withafurtherroundofemergencyaidtofollow.Removewordsfromthenewsreporttomakeitmoreconcise.P873()()()()1.省略的概念：為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔或避免重復(fù)，省略句中

的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)句子成分。2.省略的情況(1)簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略：①

省略主語(yǔ)

②省略主語(yǔ)和部分謂語(yǔ)

③省略賓語(yǔ)

④省略表語(yǔ)

⑤同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分(2)并列句中的省略：并列句中，后一個(gè)分句與前一個(gè)分句中相同的成分一般可以省略。(3)復(fù)合句中的省略：①主句中的省略

②定語(yǔ)從句中的省略③賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略④狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略(4)其他省略：①不定式符號(hào)to的省略②條件從句中有should,were或had時(shí),可以省略if，但要將should,were或had提至句首③一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略Ⅰ.實(shí)戰(zhàn)高考。[2022·全國(guó)新高考Ⅰ卷·聽(tīng)力]M:Helen,busydoinganything?W:Oh,Kevin.I'mpreparingapresentationforthecitylibrary.It'saboutagirlnamedTracyWoods.___________________________________________(areyou)busydoinganything?1.找出下面句子的省略部分。[2021·全國(guó)乙卷·短文改錯(cuò)]That'smyviewonhousework.Andhopesthiscaninspiremorethinkingonthetopic!_________________________________________________【解析】考察省略句。分析題目可知，此處表示(I)hopethiscaninspiremorethinkingonthetopic!故hope應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形形式。故把hopes改為hope。hopes→hope2.短文改錯(cuò)。Ⅱ.根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~

或用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(每空限一詞)。1.When_________(ask)aboutthereasonwhyshe

hadleftthecompany,shesaidnothing.2.IfPeterdoesn'twanttostayinbed,we'dbetternot

forcehim_________.3.Iwillmakeacalltoyouafterschool.If_________,

youshouldcallmeupassoonaspossible.4.Somecamebyland,andsome_________water.askedtonotby5.—Isyourbrothercomingbacktonight?

—Ihope_________.Imisshimverymuch.6.Hundredsofpeoplehavebeenkilledinthewarand

thou