廣東省四校2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考+英語(yǔ)試卷（含答案）

華附、省實(shí)、廣雅、深中2022級(jí)高二下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分，共12頁(yè)，滿(mǎn)分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的校名、姓名、考號(hào)、座位號(hào)等相關(guān)信息填寫(xiě)在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案；不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新的答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。第一部分選擇題（共95分）一、單項(xiàng)選擇（共15個(gè)小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）根據(jù)題意，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。1.Aftermonthsofhardworkandpreparation,thecompanyfinallysawitsbusiness________,attractingnumerousinvestments.A.takeup B.takeover C.takeoff D.takein【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)月的努力和準(zhǔn)備，該公司終于看到了生意的騰飛，吸引了大量投資。A.takeup占用；B.takeover接管；C.takeoff(事業(yè))騰飛；D.takein理解。根據(jù)句中“attractingnumerousinvestments”可知，公司吸引了大量投資，此處表示公司的生意騰飛了。故選C。2.________intheplanningprocessforthegroupprojectwillleaveteammembersfeelingdisconnectedandunproductive.A.Notinvolving B.NotinvolvedC.Nothavinginvolved D.Notbeinginvolved【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)和動(dòng)名詞。句意：不參與團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目的計(jì)劃過(guò)程會(huì)讓團(tuán)隊(duì)成員感到疏離和低效?！癰einvolvedin”意為“參與”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“willleave”，使用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞的否定形式是在它的前面加not。故選D。3.Itisreportedthatanewwildlifeconservationareahasbeenestablishedin________wasonceknownfordeforestationtoprotectendangeredspecies.A.what B.which C.how D.where【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，為了保護(hù)瀕危物種，在曾經(jīng)以砍伐森林而聞名的地區(qū)建立了一個(gè)新的野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)。本空引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)，指物，意為：……的地方，應(yīng)用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故選A。4.________ahealthyeatinghabit,andyoucanfeelmoreenergeticandimproveyourwell-being.A.Have B.Tohave C.Having D.Had【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查固定句型。句意：養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習(xí)慣，你會(huì)感到更有活力，改善你的健康狀況。本句使用“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”句型，所以逗號(hào)前為祈使句，省略主語(yǔ)you，將動(dòng)詞原形形式置于句首。故選A。5.________uniqueproject,________ofaseriesofexperiments,isdesignedtoinvestigatethepotentialofAIinidentifyingmedicalconditions.A.An;consists B.A;consists C.An;consisting D.A;consisting【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查冠詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：一個(gè)由一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)組成的獨(dú)特項(xiàng)目旨在研究人工智能在識(shí)別醫(yī)療狀況方面的潛力。unique是輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞，前邊應(yīng)用不定冠詞a，句中已有謂語(yǔ)isdesigned，第二空作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，consist與邏輯主語(yǔ)project之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)。故選D。6.Thethrillingmoment________Susancherishesmostis________shereachedthepeakofthemountainandappreciatedtheuntouchedwildernessbelow.A.that;when B.which;why C.where;when D.what;why【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。句意：蘇珊最珍惜的激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻是當(dāng)她到達(dá)山頂，欣賞下面未被觸及的荒野時(shí)。第一空引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞Thethrillingmoment，先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)從句，第二空引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)從句。故選A。7.ThenewGuangzhouCulturalMuseum,________acollectionofhistoricalrelicsfromvariousdynasties,________visitorswithitsrichculturalheritage.A.housing;collects B.featuring;attracts C.displayed;gathers D.contained;fascinates【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：新建的廣州文化博物館以收藏歷代歷史文物為特色，以其豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)吸引著游客。A.housing收藏；collects收集；B.featuring以……為特色；attracts吸引；C.displayed展示；gathers聚集，收集；D.contained包含；fascinates使……著迷。第一空需填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，ThenewGuangzhouCulturalMuseum和所填詞為邏輯主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)；第二空，根據(jù)“withitsrichculturalheritage”可知，表示吸引游客，排除A項(xiàng)。故選B。8.Bythetimeshe________nextyear,Sarah________threeinternships,givingherastrongfoundationforhercareerinfinance.A.graduate;willcomplete B.graduates;willhavecompletedC.graduated;willbecompleted D.graduating;willbecompleting【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：到明年畢業(yè)時(shí)，Sarah將完成三次實(shí)習(xí)，為她的金融職業(yè)生涯打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。bythetime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，從句主語(yǔ)是she，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式graduates，主句表示截止到將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用將來(lái)完成時(shí)，即willhavecompleted。故選B。9.________mutualunderstanding,culturalexchangeprograms________amongthecountriesparticipatinginthemeetingcurrently.A.Strengthening;isintroduced B.Strengthened;isbeingintroducedC.Havingstrengthened;areintroduced D.Tostrengthen;arebeingintroduced【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：為了加強(qiáng)相互了解，目前正在參加會(huì)議的國(guó)家之間引入文化交流項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)currently可知，句子描述現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，introduce與主語(yǔ)culturalexchangeprograms之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且主語(yǔ)culturalexchangeprograms是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞使用are，所以第二空填寫(xiě)arebeingintroduced，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，文化交流項(xiàng)目被引入是為了加強(qiáng)相互了解，所以第一空使用動(dòng)詞不定式形式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故選D。10.________theweatherislike,themarathonwillcontinueasplanned,withparticipants________toprepareforrainorshine.A.Whatever;advised B.However;advisedC.Nomatterwhat;beingadvised D.Nomatterhow;beingadvised【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：無(wú)論天氣如何，馬拉松比賽都將按計(jì)劃繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，建議參賽者做好風(fēng)雨無(wú)阻的準(zhǔn)備。第一空引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少like的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用whatever或nomatterwhat引導(dǎo)從句，第二空，with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，advise與賓語(yǔ)participants之間是邏輯被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示這一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故選A。11.Arecentsurvey________60%ofUSrespondentsbelievedsocialmediaplatformswereevolvingtoofast,________80%urgedcautioninintroducingnewfeatures.A.shows,since B.hasshown,so C.showed,while D.hadshown,as【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和連詞。句意：最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，60%的美國(guó)受訪(fǎng)者認(rèn)為社交媒體平臺(tái)發(fā)展太快，而80%的受訪(fǎng)者敦促在引入新功能時(shí)保持謹(jǐn)慎。A.shows,since顯示，自從；B.hasshown,so顯示，所以；C.showed,while顯示，而；D.hadshown,as顯示，由于。根據(jù)句中believed和urged可知，句子描述過(guò)去的情況，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，第一空動(dòng)詞使用過(guò)去式形式showed，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，60%ofUSrespondentsbelievedsocialmediaplatformswereevolvingtoofast和80%urgedcautioninintroducingnewfeatures之間是對(duì)比關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞while連接。故選C。12.________dataleakshavebecomemorecommon,worriesaboutprivacyaregrowing,andthechance________aperson’sprivatedetailsareatriskisgettinghigher.A.Giventhat;whether B.Nowthat;thatC.Butthat;whether D.Exceptthat;that【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查原因狀語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。句意：由于數(shù)據(jù)泄露變得越來(lái)越普遍，對(duì)隱私的擔(dān)憂(yōu)也在增加，一個(gè)人的私人信息面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的可能性也越來(lái)越高。A.Giventhat;whether鑒于，是否；B.Nowthat;that由于，那；C.Butthat;whether但是，是否；D.Exceptthat；that除此之外，那。結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知，由于數(shù)據(jù)泄露變得普遍，所以對(duì)隱私的擔(dān)憂(yōu)在增加，所以第一空應(yīng)用nowthat引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，第二空引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明名詞chance的內(nèi)容，且從句中不缺少成分以及意義，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)從句。故選B。13.Theinformationboard________thatalldrones(無(wú)人機(jī))under250gramsmustberegisteredwiththelocalflightagencybefore________inpublicareas.A.reads;flew B.read;beingflown C.reads;flying D.read;flying【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和動(dòng)名詞。句意：信息板上寫(xiě)著，所有250克以下的無(wú)人機(jī)必須在當(dāng)?shù)仫w行機(jī)構(gòu)注冊(cè)后才能在公共區(qū)域飛行。read表示信息板上寫(xiě)著或顯示著某個(gè)內(nèi)容，句子描述的為法規(guī)，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)Theinformationboard為單數(shù)意義，read使用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式；before為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故選C。14.________governmentshaveaddressedtheproblemofaffordablehousing________theircommitmenttoprovidingaccessiblelivingoptionsforallcitizensA.What;reflects B.That;reflects C.There;reflected D.Whether;reflected【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：政府已經(jīng)解決了經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房問(wèn)題，這反映了他們?yōu)樗泄裉峁o(wú)障礙生活選擇的承諾。第一空引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且從句中不缺少成分以及意義，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)從句，置于句首，首字母大寫(xiě)，第二空作主句謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句中haveaddressed可知，主句描述現(xiàn)在的一般情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。故選B。公眾號(hào)：高中試卷君15.NovelsbyauthorssuchasDickensandAustenarewidelyread,someof________works,however,aresometimesdifficult________.A.which,tocomprehend B.whose,tocomprehendC.which,tobecomprehended D.whose,tobecomprehended【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：狄更斯和奧斯汀等作家的小說(shuō)被廣泛閱讀，但其中一些作品有時(shí)很難理解。第一空處為“someof+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞DickensandAusten，先行詞與works之間為所屬關(guān)系，所以空處應(yīng)用whose引導(dǎo)從句，“主語(yǔ)+be+形容詞+todo”為固定句型，表示“……做某事是……的”，所以第二空應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式形式，且本句型中不定式使用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。故選B。二、閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomenintheAntarctic.HerearefourlandmarksinAntarcticaandthefemalepioneersthey’renamedafter.JonesTerraceTheice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica’sVictoriaLandbearsJones’name.In1969,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhadcollected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley’sice-coveredlakes.MountFiennes8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedafterGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarcticwithhercolleagues.In1985,FiennesbecamethefirstfemaleinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarcticregion.FrancisPeakThe3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.PedenCliffsPedenCliffsnearAntarctica’sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,wheresheusedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavespreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.16.Whatdothefirsttwopioneershaveincommon?A.TheyanalyzeddifferentchemicalsofrocksinAntarctica.B.TheybothworkedwiththeirownteaminAntarctica.C.Theyconductedtheresearchintheice-freeareasinAntarctica.D.TheyjoinedtheAntarcticClubfortheirstayinAntarctica.17.WhoprovedtheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctic?A.LoisM.Jones. B.GinnyFiennes.C.DameJaneFrancis. D.IrenePeden.18.WhatisthescientificbreakthroughofIrenePeden?A.ShewasthefirstAmericanscientisttoexploretheAntarctic.B.Shemeasuredthespreadingfrequenciesofradiowaves.C.ShefoundoutthethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.D.Shediscoveredalotofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic.【答案】16.B17.C18.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了四位女性在探索南極洲方面取得的成就?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“In1969,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.(1969年，地球化學(xué)家LoisM.Jones帶領(lǐng)美國(guó)第一個(gè)全女性研究小組在南極洲工作。Jones和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究了南極洲無(wú)冰地區(qū)麥克默多干谷的化學(xué)風(fēng)化作用。)”和第三段的“Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarcticwithhercolleagues.(她和同事們?cè)谀蠘O建立并維護(hù)了80英尺高的無(wú)線(xiàn)電發(fā)射塔。)”可知，LoisM.Jones領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了第一個(gè)在南極洲工作的美國(guó)全女性研究小組，GinnyFiennes和她的同事們一起在南極洲建立和維護(hù)無(wú)線(xiàn)電發(fā)射塔。由此可知，前兩位先驅(qū)的共同之處在于她們都和自己的團(tuán)隊(duì)一起在南極洲工作。故選B?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“The3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.

HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.(這座位于南極洲阿德萊德島上的3727英尺高的山峰是以DameJaneFrancis的名字命名的，她是英國(guó)南極調(diào)查局的第一位女性主任。她在西摩島收集的化石幫助她在2021年的一篇論文中得出結(jié)論：南極洲豐富的植物化石表明，該大陸曾經(jīng)有過(guò)比現(xiàn)在溫暖得多的氣候。)”可知，DameJaneFrancis根據(jù)在西摩島收集的化石得出結(jié)論，南極洲曾經(jīng)的氣候比現(xiàn)在暖和得多，因此DameJaneFrancis證明了南極以前的高溫。故選C。【18題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavespreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.(Peden和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過(guò)測(cè)量冰中的路徑來(lái)確定低頻無(wú)線(xiàn)電波是如何在極長(zhǎng)距離傳播的。她們還使用不同的無(wú)線(xiàn)電波頻率來(lái)測(cè)量南極洲冰蓋的厚度。)”可知，IrenePeden利用無(wú)線(xiàn)電波得出南極洲冰蓋的厚度。故選C。BCanadianauthorAliceMunro,amasterofthecontemporaryshortstory,passedawayonMay13,2024,at92.Munro’stextsfeatureddepictionsofeverydaybutdecisiveevents,pullingvastthemesoutofordinarysettings.HercharactersoftenmirroredherownruralOntariolifestyle.InaninterviewafterwinningtheNobelPrize,shesaidthatlivinginasmalltowngaveherthefreedomtowrite.“Idon’tthinkIcouldhavebeensobraveifIhadbeenlivinginacity,competingwithpeopleonwhatcanbecalledagenerallyhigherculturallevel,”shesaid.“AsfarasIknew,atleastforawhile,IwastheonlypersonIknewwhowrotestories.”Munro’sfirstshortstorywaspublishedwhenshewas37,acollegedropoutsqueezinginwritingtimearoundherchildren’snaps.Bythetimeshewasinher60s,shehadbecomeoneofthemostcelebratedshort-storywritersintheworld.Throughoutherlongcareer,shehardlyeverfailedtowowreadersandcriticswithherquietlypowerfullanguage.Inreviewingherlastcollection,DearLife,NPRcriticAlanCheusewrote“AMunrostorygivesussomuchlifewithintheboundsofasingletalethatitnourishes(滋養(yǎng))usalmostasmuchasanoveldoes.”Inaliteraryculturethattendstocelebratenovelsovershorterfiction,Munrohasbeenaconstantadvocateforthepoweroftheshortstory.Intheinterview,Munroemphasizedthesignificanceofherwinnotforherself,butforherartform:“Ireallyhopethiswouldmakepeopleseetheshortstoryasanimportantart,notjustsomethingyouplayaroundwithuntilyougetanovelwritten.”Whenasked“Doyouwantyoungwomentobeinspiredbyyourbooksandfeelinspiredtowrite?”Munroreplied,“Idon’tcareaboutthat.Iwantpeopletofindnotsomuchinspirationasgreatjoy.Iwantthemtothinkofmybooksasrelatedtotheirownlivesinways.”19.WhydidMunrofeelfreetowritewhilelivinginruralareas?A.Shewasinspiredbyrurallandscapeandlifestyles.B.Shewasfreefromstressofamoreculturedsetting.C.Shehadmorecouragetocompetewithurbanwriters.DShehadaccesstoordinarypeopleanddecisiveevents.20.WhatdidAlanCheusesayaboutMunro’sstoriesinDearLife?A.Theypromotereaders’mentalwell-being.B.Theyhavebrokenthelengthlimitofshortstories.C.Theyimpressreaderswithquietlypowerfullanguage.D.Theyofferrichnessanddepthinshorterformat.21.HowdidMunroviewtheshortstoryinliteraryculture?A.Itismorepowerfulthannovels. B.Itisawayofentertainmentforyoungwriters.C.Itisasimportantanartformasnovels. D.Itisaninspirationforyoungwriters.22.WhatdidMunrowantreaderstogetbyreadingherbooks?A.Inspirationtobecomewritersthemselves.B.Enjoymentandconnectiontotheirownlives.C.Pleasureandmotivationtochangetheirlives.D.Informationaboutartformsandliteraryculture.【答案】19.B20.D21.C22.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了加拿大作家愛(ài)麗絲·門(mén)羅（AliceMunro）的生平和她在短篇小說(shuō)領(lǐng)域的卓越貢獻(xiàn)。【19題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“InaninterviewafterwinningtheNobelPrize,shesaidthatlivinginasmalltowngaveherthefreedomtowrite.“Idon’tthinkIcouldhavebeensobraveifIhadbeenlivinginacity,competingwithpeopleonwhatcanbecalledagenerallyhigherculturallevel,”shesaid.“AsfarasIknew,atleastforawhile,IwastheonlypersonIknewwhowrotestories.”(在獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)后的一次采訪(fǎng)中，她說(shuō)住在小鎮(zhèn)給了她寫(xiě)作的自由。她說(shuō)：“如果我生活在一個(gè)城市，與人們?cè)谒^的更高文化水平上競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，我想我不會(huì)這么勇敢?！薄皳?jù)我所知，至少在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，我是我認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一一個(gè)寫(xiě)故事的人?！?”可知，門(mén)羅在農(nóng)村生活時(shí)可以自由寫(xiě)作，這是由于她不需要與更高文化水平的人們競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，這免去了她的壓力。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Inreviewingherlastcollection,DearLife,NPRcriticAlanCheusewrote“AMunrostorygivesussomuchlifewithintheboundsofasingletalethatitnourishes(滋養(yǎng))usalmostasmuchasanoveldoes.”(在評(píng)論她的上一部作品集《親愛(ài)的生活》時(shí)，美國(guó)國(guó)家公共電臺(tái)評(píng)論家AlanCheuse寫(xiě)道：“門(mén)羅的故事在一個(gè)故事的范圍內(nèi)給了我們?nèi)绱硕嗟纳鼛缀鹾托≌f(shuō)一樣滋養(yǎng)著我們?！?”可知，AlanCheuse認(rèn)為門(mén)羅作品集《親愛(ài)的生活》中的故事即使在較短的篇幅中也提供了豐富的內(nèi)容和深度，幾乎像小說(shuō)一樣滋養(yǎng)讀者。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Ireallyhopethiswouldmakepeopleseetheshortstoryasanimportantart,notjustsomethingyouplayaroundwithuntilyougetanovelwritten.(我真地希望這能讓人們把短篇小說(shuō)視為一種重要的藝術(shù)，而不僅僅是你在寫(xiě)小說(shuō)之前玩的東西)”可知，門(mén)羅認(rèn)為短篇小說(shuō)也需要被視為一種重要的藝術(shù)，即它和小說(shuō)一樣重要。故選C?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Idon’tcareaboutthat.Iwantpeopletofindnotsomuchinspirationasgreatjoy.Iwantthemtothinkofmybooksasrelatedtotheirownlivesinways.(我不在乎。我希望人們找到的與其說(shuō)是靈感，不如說(shuō)是巨大的快樂(lè)。我希望他們認(rèn)為我的書(shū)在某種程度上與他們自己的生活有關(guān))”可知，門(mén)羅希望人們通過(guò)閱讀她的書(shū)獲得巨大的快樂(lè)，并且希望人們認(rèn)為她的書(shū)與自己的生活有關(guān)，即門(mén)羅希望讀者享受并與自己的生活產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系。故選B。CHandwritingnotesinclassmightseemold-fashionedasdigitaltechnologyaffectsnearlyeveryaspectoflearning.ButarecentstudyinFrontiersinPsychologysuggeststhattakingnoteswithpenandpaperisstillthebestwaytolearn,especiallyforyoungchildren.Thenewresearchbuildsona2014studythatsuggestedpeoplemaytypenotesquickly,withoutthinkingmuchaboutwhatthey’rewriting-butwritingbyhandisslowerandmakesthemactivelypayattentiontoandprocesstheincominginformation.Thisconsciousactionofbuildingonexistingknowledgecanmakeiteasierforstudentstostayengagedandgraspnewconcepts.Tounderstandspecificbrain-activitydifferencesduringthetwonote-takingapproaches,theauthorsofthenewstudysewed256electrodes(電極)intoahairnet.Thesesensorsletthescientistsrecord36students’brainactivityastheywroteortypedwordsdisplayedonascreen.Whenstudentswrotebyhand,thesensorspickedupwidespreadbrainconnectivitythroughoutvisualregionsthatreceiveandprocesssensoryinformation,andthemotorcortex(運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層)thathelpsthebrainuseenvironmentalinputstoinformaperson’snextaction.Typing,however,resultedinminimalactivityinthesebrainregions.VanderbiltUniversityeducationalneuroscientistSophiaVinci-Boohersaystherecentstudyhighlightsthecleartiebetweenphysicalactionsandconceptunderstanding,“Asyou’rewritingaword,you’retakingthiscontinuousunderstandingofsomethingandusingmotorsystemtocreateit.”Thatcreationthenaffectsthevisualsystem,whereit’sprocessedagain-strengtheningtheconnectionbetweenanactionandthewordsassociatedwithit.Vinci-Boohernotesthatthenewfindingsdon’tmeantechnologyisalwaysadisadvantageintheclassroom.Digitaldevicescanbemoreefficientforwritingessaysandoffermoreequalaccesstoeducationalresources.However,there’sagrowingtrendofrelyingondigitaldevicestoperformcognitive(認(rèn)知的)tasks,suchastakingphotosinsteadofmemorizinginformation.YadurshanaSivashankar,anresearcherattheUniversityofWaterloosays,“Ifwe’renotactivelyusingtheseareas,thentheyaregoingtobecomeworseovertime,whetherit’smemoryormotorskills.”23.Whydoestheauthormentionthe2014study?A.Topresentdifferentresearchfindings. B.TomakethenewresearchmoreconvincingC.Tocomparetwonotetakingapproaches. D.Toshowtheadvantageofwritingslowly24.WhatcanbelearnedfromtheexperimentinParagraph3?A.Sensorswereusedtoprocessvisualinformation.B.Electrodeswereconnectedtostudents’hairdirectly.C.Writingbyhandactivatedmorebrainactivitythantyping.D.Typingstimulatedthemotorcortextoinformfollowingaction.25.WhatwouldSophiaVinci-Booherprobablyadvisestudentstodo?A.Makebetteruseofmotorsystem. B.Takeadvantageofdigitaldevices.C.Adoptanewapproachtotakingnotes. D.Memorizewordsbywritingessays.26.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Technologyisnotadisadvantageinclassroom.B.Writingbyhandcomeswithlearningbenefits.C.Takingnotesenhancesstudents’brainactivity.D.Twonote-takingapproacheshavecleardifferences.【答案】23.B24.C25.D26.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究表明手寫(xiě)筆記能增強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)效果，尤其是對(duì)兒童而言。手寫(xiě)可激活大腦視覺(jué)和運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)域，促進(jìn)信息加工與概念理解，優(yōu)于鍵盤(pán)輸入。然而科技在教育中仍有其價(jià)值，關(guān)鍵在于平衡使用?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thenewresearchbuildsona2014studythatsuggestedpeoplemaytypenotesquickly,withoutthinkingmuchaboutwhatthey’rewriting-butwritingbyhandisslowerandmakesthemactivelypayattentiontoandprocesstheincominginformation.(這項(xiàng)新的研究建立在2014年的一項(xiàng)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，該研究表明，人們可能會(huì)快速打字，而不會(huì)過(guò)多考慮自己在寫(xiě)什么，但手寫(xiě)速度較慢，會(huì)讓他們積極關(guān)注和處理收到的信息。)”可知，新的研究建立在2014年的研究的基礎(chǔ)上，所以作者提及2014年的研究是為了讓新的研究更具說(shuō)服力。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Whenstudentswrotebyhand,thesensorspickedupwidespreadbrainconnectivitythroughoutvisualregionsthatreceiveandprocesssensoryinformation,andthemotorcortex(運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層)thathelpsthebrainuseenvironmentalinputstoinformaperson’snextaction.Typing,however,resultedinminimalactivityinthesebrainregions.(當(dāng)學(xué)生用手寫(xiě)字時(shí)，傳感器在接收和處理感官信息的視覺(jué)區(qū)域以及幫助大腦利用環(huán)境輸入來(lái)通知一個(gè)人下一步行動(dòng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層中發(fā)現(xiàn)了廣泛的大腦連接。然而，打字導(dǎo)致這些大腦區(qū)域的活動(dòng)極小。)”可知，手寫(xiě)可以激活大腦更廣泛區(qū)域的活動(dòng)，相比之下，打字只在這些區(qū)域產(chǎn)生了最小的活動(dòng)，由此可知，手寫(xiě)比打字更能激活大腦活動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“VanderbiltUniversityeducationalneuroscientistSophiaVinci-Boohersaystherecentstudyhighlightsthecleartiebetweenphysicalactionsandconceptunderstanding,“Asyou’rewritingaword,you’retakingthiscontinuousunderstandingofsomethingandusingmotorsystemtocreateit.”Thatcreationthenaffectsthevisualsystem,whereit’sprocessedagain-strengtheningtheconnectionbetweenanactionandthewordsassociatedwithit.(范德比爾特大學(xué)教育神經(jīng)科學(xué)家SophiaVinciBooher表示，最近的研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了身體動(dòng)作和概念理解之間的明確聯(lián)系，“當(dāng)你寫(xiě)一個(gè)單詞時(shí)，你正在對(duì)某物進(jìn)行持續(xù)的理解，并使用運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)來(lái)創(chuàng)造它。”然后，這種創(chuàng)造會(huì)影響視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)，在視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)中，它被再次處理，加強(qiáng)了動(dòng)作與相關(guān)單詞之間的聯(lián)系。)”可知，SophiaVinciBooher認(rèn)為寫(xiě)單詞可以增進(jìn)持續(xù)的理解，所以SophiaVinciBooher可能會(huì)建議學(xué)生通過(guò)寫(xiě)文章來(lái)記憶單詞。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ButarecentstudyinFrontiersinPsychologysuggeststhattakingnoteswithpenandpaperisstillthebestwaytolearn,especiallyforyoungchildren.(但《心理學(xué)前沿》最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明，用筆和紙做筆記仍然是最好的學(xué)習(xí)方式，尤其是對(duì)兒童來(lái)說(shuō)。)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了手寫(xiě)筆記能增強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)效果，有助于學(xué)習(xí)。故選B項(xiàng)。DThemorescientistsinvestigatethemicrobes(微生物)livinginsideus,themoretheylearnaboutthesurprisingimpactofthetinyorganismsonhowwelook,act,think,andfeel.Areourhealthandwell-beingreallydrivenbythebacteria,virusesandfungithatliveinourintestines(腸),inourlungs,onourskin,onoureyeballs?Whataweirdconcept—thatthebugswecarryaroundappeartobeessentialtoestablishingthebasicnatureofwhoweare.Theeffectsofthemicrobiome,themicroorganismsthatexistinhumanbody,canbeprofoundandcanstartincrediblyearly.Inastudy,scientistsshowedthatsomethingsupposedlyasnaturalasachild’scharactermightberelatedtothebacteriainaninfant’sdigestivesystem;themoreBifidobacterium(雙歧桿菌)thereare,thesunnierthebabyis.Thisobservation,fromtheUniversityofTurkuinFinland,isbasedonananalysisofsamplesfrom301babies.ThosewiththehighestproportionofBifidobacteriumorganismsattwomonthsoldweremorelikelytoexhibitatraittheresearcherscalled“positiveemotionality”atsixmonthsold.Microbiomescienceisstillrelativelyyoung.Moststudiessofarhavebeeninitialandsmall-scale,involvingonlyadozenorsomiceorhumans.Scientistshavefoundassociationsbetweenthemicrobiomeanddiseasebutcan’tyetdrawclearcause-and-effectconclusionsaboutourextensivecollectionofmicroorganismsandtheireffectsonusashosts.Still,thecollectionitselfismind-boggling—it’snowthoughttobearound38trillionmicrobesforatypicalyoungadultmale,slightlymorethanthenumberofactualhumancells.Andtheprospectsforputtingthatcollectiontousearemorethanpromising.Inthenot-too-distantfuture,accordingtothemostenthusiasticresearchers,itmightbearoutineforustotakeadoseofhealthymicrobesinvariousforms.Hopefully,withthehelpofnewmedicaladvances,wewillbeabletoachieveourfullpotentialbyfunctioningatpeaklevelsinternallyandexternally.27.Whatcanwelearnaboutmicrobiome?A.Thedevelopmentofmicrobiomeisquitematurenowadays.B.ThemoreBifidobacteriumanadulthas,thehealthieroneis.C.Moremicrobesthanhumancellsarepresentinyoungmen.D.Microbeshavelittleinfluenceonshapingouridentity28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mind-boggling”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Weakening. B.Astonishing. C.Disturbing. D.Misleading.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.It’snecessarytoremovecertainfungifromourbody.B.2-month-oldbabiesareoftenmorepositivethan6-month-oldones.C.NewsupplementsrelatedtomicrobiomearelikelybeingdevelopedD.Therelationshipbetweenmicroorganismsanddiseaseremainsunclear.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Howmicrobesbenefitourhealth.B.Howmicrobesshapeourlives.C.Whataffectsearlychildhood.D.WhatTurkuUniversityrevealsaboutmicrobes.【答案】27C28.B29.D30.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了微生物對(duì)于身體的影響以及科學(xué)家對(duì)微生物研究發(fā)展?fàn)顩r?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Still,thecollectionitselfismind-boggling—it’snowthoughttobearound38trillionmicrobesforatypicalyoungadultmale,slightlymorethanthenumberofactualhumancells.(盡管如此，這些收集本身是令人難以置信的——現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)典型的年輕成年男性大約有38萬(wàn)億個(gè)微生物，比實(shí)際的人類(lèi)細(xì)胞數(shù)量略多。)”可知，年輕男性身上的微生物比人類(lèi)細(xì)胞數(shù)量略多。故選C?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段劃線(xiàn)詞后的句子“it’snowthoughttobearound38trillionmicrobesforatypicalyoungadultmale,slightlymorethanthenumberofactualhumancells.(現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)典型的年輕成年男性大約有38萬(wàn)億個(gè)微生物，比實(shí)際的人類(lèi)細(xì)胞數(shù)量略多。)”得出的結(jié)論是成年男性有38萬(wàn)億個(gè)微生物，數(shù)量非常的大，比實(shí)際的人類(lèi)細(xì)胞數(shù)量略多；“Still,thecollectionitselfis

mind-boggling(盡管如此，微生物的自身數(shù)量還是mind-boggling)”指的是數(shù)量之大是非常驚人的，mind-boggling意為“驚人的”，與astonishing意思相近。故選B?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Scientistshavefoundassociationsbetweenthemicrobiomeanddiseasebutcan’tyetdrawclearcause-and-effectconclusionsaboutourextensivecollectionofmicroorganismsandtheireffectsonusashosts.(科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了微生物群和疾病之間的聯(lián)系，但還不能就我們廣泛收集的微生物及其對(duì)我們作為宿主的影響得出明確的因果關(guān)系結(jié)論。)”可知，科學(xué)家雖然發(fā)現(xiàn)微生物群和疾病之間有聯(lián)系，但是沒(méi)有證據(jù)證明其中的因果關(guān)系；因此，微生物與疾病之間的關(guān)系尚不清楚。故選D?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文、尤其根據(jù)文章第一段“Themorescientistsinvestigatethemicrobes(微生物)livinginsideus,themoretheylearnaboutthesurprisingimpactofthetinyorganismsonhowwelook,act,think,andfeel.Areourhealthandwell-beingreallydrivenbythebacteria,virusesandfungithatliveinourintestines(腸 ),inourlungs,onourskin,onoureyeballs?Whataweirdconcept—thatthebugswecarryaroundappeartobeessentialtoestablishingthebasicnatureofwhoweare.(科學(xué)家對(duì)生活在我們體內(nèi)的微生物(微生物)研究得越多，他們就越了解這些微小的有機(jī)體對(duì)我們的外表、行為、思維和感覺(jué)的驚人影響。我們的健康和幸福真的是由生活在我們的腸道、肺部、皮膚和眼球上的細(xì)菌、病毒和真菌驅(qū)動(dòng)的嗎？多么奇怪的概念——我們隨身攜帶的細(xì)菌似乎是建立我們是誰(shuí)的基本本質(zhì)所必需的。)”以及第二段“Theeffectsofthemicrobiome,themicroorganismsthatexistinhumanbody,canbeprofoundandcanstartincrediblyearly.(微生物群，即存在于人體內(nèi)的微生物，其影響可能是深遠(yuǎn)的，而且可能在很早的時(shí)候就開(kāi)始了。)”可知，本文主要闡述研究表明，存在與人體內(nèi)的微生物群數(shù)量驚人，對(duì)人類(lèi)的外表、行為、思維和感覺(jué)的驚人影響，這種影響可能產(chǎn)生較早且是深遠(yuǎn)的，而且微生物群和疾病之間的聯(lián)系；選項(xiàng)B“Howmicrobesshapeourlives.(微生物如何塑造我們的生活。)”能夠概括文章主旨，適合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Onalargescale,makingtheworldabetterplacecanseemchallenging.___31___Asaleader,yourperspectivesandideascandirectlyimpactyourcommunityforthebetter.Herearesomewaystomakeanimpactandgrowyourleadershipthroughemotionalintelligence.___32___Beingabletoprovideasafespacethroughdeeplisteningcreatestrust,whichlaysthefoundationformeaningfulrelationshipsandfruitfulpartnerships.Asaresult,peoplearemorelikelytoshareopenlyandhonestly.Empathyandlisteningwillincreasethequalityofyourrelationshipsandskyrocketyourresults.Makingapositiveimpactcanalsobeassimpleastakingthetimetoacknowledgeandinspiresomeoneintoaction.Takingtimetoacknowledgesomeonebylettingthemknowyouseetheireffortsandtalents.___33___Anexampleofwhatthiscouldsoundlikeis,“Wow!Iamblownawaybyyourproject.WhatIseepossibleforyouistosharewiththerestoftheteamhowtodoittoo.”Getinvolvedwithyouralreadyexistingcommunitiesandnetworkingcircles.Startbyconnectingwithyourpeersandaskthemabout