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第第頁(yè)1.2集合間的基本關(guān)系課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)①理解集合之間包含與相等的含義,能識(shí)別給定集合的子集、真子集;②理解與掌握空集的含義,在解題中把握空集與非空集合、任意集合的關(guān)系。1.能利用集合間的包含關(guān)系解決兩個(gè)集合間的問題。2.在解決集合問題時(shí),易漏集合的特殊形式,比如集合是空集時(shí)參數(shù)所具備的意義。3.能利用Venn圖表達(dá)集合間的關(guān)系。4.判斷集合之間的關(guān)系時(shí),要從元素入手。知識(shí)點(diǎn)01:SKIPIF1<0圖(韋恩圖)在數(shù)學(xué)中,我們經(jīng)常用平面上封閉曲線的內(nèi)部代表集合,這種圖形稱為SKIPIF1<0圖。SKIPIF1<0圖和數(shù)軸一樣,都是用來(lái)解決集合問題的直觀的工具。利用SKIPIF1<0圖,可以使問題簡(jiǎn)單明了地得到解決。對(duì)SKIPIF1<0圖的理解(1)表示集合的SKIPIF1<0圖的邊界是封閉曲線,它可以是圓、橢圓、矩形,也可以是其他封閉曲線.(2)用SKIPIF1<0圖表示集合的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能夠呈現(xiàn)清晰的視覺形象,即能夠直觀地表示集合之間的關(guān)系,缺點(diǎn)是集合元素的公共特征不明顯.知識(shí)點(diǎn)02:子集1子集:一般地,對(duì)于兩個(gè)集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,如果集合SKIPIF1<0中任意一個(gè)元素都是集合SKIPIF1<0中的元素,我們就說(shuō)這兩個(gè)集合有包含關(guān)系,稱集合SKIPIF1<0為集合SKIPIF1<0的子集(1)記法與讀法:記作SKIPIF1<0(或SKIPIF1<0),讀作“SKIPIF1<0含于SKIPIF1<0”(或“SKIPIF1<0包含SKIPIF1<0”)(2)性質(zhì):①任何一個(gè)集合是它本身的子集,即SKIPIF1<0.②對(duì)于集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(3)SKIPIF1<0圖表示:2集合與集合的關(guān)系與元素與集合關(guān)系的區(qū)別符號(hào)“SKIPIF1<0”表示集合與集合之間的包含關(guān)系,而符號(hào)“SKIPIF1<0”表示元素與集合之間的從屬關(guān)系.【即學(xué)即練1】寫出集合SKIPIF1<0的所有子集.知識(shí)點(diǎn)03:集合相等一般地,如果集合SKIPIF1<0的任何一個(gè)元素都是集合SKIPIF1<0的元素,同時(shí)集合SKIPIF1<0的任何一個(gè)元素都是集合SKIPIF1<0的元素,那么集合SKIPIF1<0與集合SKIPIF1<0相等,記作SKIPIF1<0.也就是說(shuō),若SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.

(1)SKIPIF1<0的SKIPIF1<0圖表示(2)若兩集合相等,則兩集合所含元素完全相同,與元素排列順序無(wú)關(guān)【即學(xué)即練2】下面說(shuō)法中不正確的為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0知識(shí)點(diǎn)04:真子集的含義如果集合SKIPIF1<0,但存在元素SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,我們稱集合SKIPIF1<0是集合SKIPIF1<0的真子集;(1)記法與讀法:記作SKIPIF1<0,讀作“SKIPIF1<0真包含于SKIPIF1<0”(或“SKIPIF1<0真包含SKIPIF1<0”)(2)性質(zhì):①任何一個(gè)集合都不是是它本身的真子集.②對(duì)于集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(3)SKIPIF1<0圖表示:【即學(xué)即練3】滿足條件:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0的集合M的個(gè)數(shù)為______.知識(shí)點(diǎn)05:空集的含義我們把不含任何元素的集合,叫做空集,記作:SKIPIF1<0規(guī)定:空集是任何集合的子集,即SKIPIF1<0;性質(zhì):①空集只有一個(gè)子集,即它的本身,SKIPIF1<0(2)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0相同點(diǎn)都表示無(wú)都是集合都是集合不同點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0表示集合;SKIPIF1<0是實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0不含任何元素SKIPIF1<0含有一個(gè)元素SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0不含任何元素SKIPIF1<0含有一個(gè)元素,該元素為:SKIPIF1<0關(guān)系SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0或者SKIPIF1<0【即學(xué)即練4】有下列四個(gè)命題:①={0};②SKIPIF1<0{0};③{1}SKIPIF1<0{1,2,3};④{1}∈{1,2,3};其中正確的個(gè)數(shù)是(

)A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4題型01判斷兩個(gè)集合的包含關(guān)系【典例1】下列集合關(guān)系中錯(cuò)誤的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【典例2】已知集合SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【典例3】已知集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的關(guān)系滿足(

)A.SKIPIF1<0?SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0?SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0?SKIPIF1<0?SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0?SKIPIF1<0?SKIPIF1<0【典例4】設(shè)集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則集合SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的關(guān)系是______.【變式1】若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則這三個(gè)集合間的關(guān)系是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0題型02判斷子集(真子集)的個(gè)數(shù)【典例1】設(shè)集合SKIPIF1<0,則集合SKIPIF1<0的真子集個(gè)數(shù)是(

)A.6 B.7 C.8 D.15【典例2】已知集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則滿足條件SKIPIF1<0的集合SKIPIF1<0的個(gè)數(shù)為_____個(gè).【變式1】已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,滿足這樣的集合SKIPIF1<0的個(gè)數(shù)(

)A.6 B.7 C.8 D.9【變式2】集合SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的子集的個(gè)數(shù)為(

)A.4 B.8 C.15 D.16題型03求集合中子集(真子集)【典例1】(多選)已知集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若使SKIPIF1<0成立的實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值集合為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的一個(gè)真子集可以是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【典例2】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0若用列舉法表示,則集合SKIPIF1<0是________.【變式1】(多選)已知集合SKIPIF1<0,集合SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的真子集,則集合N可以是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0題型04空集的概念集判斷【典例1】下列集合中,結(jié)果是空集的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【典例2】下列各式中:①SKIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0;③SKIPIF1<0;④SKIPIF1<0;⑤SKIPIF1<0;⑥SKIPIF1<0.正確的個(gè)數(shù)是(

)A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【變式1】下列六個(gè)關(guān)系式:①SKIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0;③SKIPIF1<0;④SKIPIF1<0;⑤SKIPIF1<0;⑥SKIPIF1<0.其中正確的個(gè)數(shù)是(

)A.1 B.3 C.4 D.6【變式1】(多選)下列關(guān)系中正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0題型05空集的性質(zhì)及應(yīng)用【典例1】已知集合SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是____.【典例2】不等式組SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是_____________.【變式1】若集合SKIPIF1<0為空集,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是______.題型06判斷兩個(gè)集合是否相等【典例1】下列集合中表示同一集合的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【典例2】(多選)下列與集合SKIPIF1<0表示同一個(gè)集合的有(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【變式1】(多選)下面說(shuō)法中,正確的為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0題型07根據(jù)兩個(gè)集合相等求參數(shù)【典例1】已知集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0等于(

)A.1或2 B.SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0 C.2 D.1【典例2】已知集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)若SKIPIF1<0,求實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值;【變式1】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若P=Q,則SKIPIF1<0_________.題型08根據(jù)集合的包含關(guān)系求參數(shù)【典例1】已知集合SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0或1 B.0或1 C.1 D.SKIPIF1<0【典例2】已知集合SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值是_________.【典例3】已知集合SKIPIF1<0(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),求實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值;(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),求實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.【變式1】已知集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則使SKIPIF1<0成立的實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是_____.【變式2】已知A={﹣1,1},B={x|x2﹣ax+b=0},若B?A,求實(shí)數(shù)a,b的值.題型09新定義題【典例1】給定集合SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,如果SKIPIF1<0,那么SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的一個(gè)“好元素”,由SKIPIF1<0的3個(gè)元素構(gòu)成的所有集合中,不含“好元素”的集合共有_________個(gè).【典例2】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0是整數(shù)集的一個(gè)非空子集,對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的一個(gè)“孤立元”,給定SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0的3個(gè)元素構(gòu)成的所有集合中,不含“孤立元”的集合共有_________個(gè).本節(jié)重點(diǎn)方法(數(shù)軸輔助法)【典例1】已知集合SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍_________.【典例2】已知集合SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是________.本節(jié)數(shù)學(xué)思想方法(分類討論法)【典例1】已知集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,求實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.【典例2】已知集合SKIPIF1<0.(1)若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍;(2)若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.本節(jié)易錯(cuò)題(忽略空集)【典例1】集合SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【典例2】已知集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值構(gòu)成的集合為___________.1.2集合間的基本關(guān)系A(chǔ)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)一、單選題1.已知集合SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,則集合A的子集的個(gè)數(shù)為(

)A.15 B.16 C.31 D.322.已知集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則a的取值范圍為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<03.下面五個(gè)式子中:①SKIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0;③SKIPIF1<0;④SKIPIF1<0;⑤SKIPIF1<0,正確的有(

)A.②③④ B.②③④⑤ C.②④⑤ D.①⑤4.已知集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則下列說(shuō)法正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<05.已知集合SKIPIF1<0,集合SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值集合為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<06.已知集合SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(

)A.1 B.2 C.1或2 D.0二、多選題7.給出下列四個(gè)結(jié)論,其中正確的結(jié)論有(

)A.SKIPIF1<0B.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0C.集合SKIPIF1<0是無(wú)限集D.集合SKIPIF1<0的子集共有4個(gè)8.已知集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則下列命題中正確的是(

)A.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0 B.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0C.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0 D.若SKIPIF1<0時(shí),則SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0三、填空題9.已知集合M滿足SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0則集合M的個(gè)數(shù)為______.10.已知集合SKIPIF1<0有且僅有兩個(gè)子集,則SKIPIF1<0的取值集合為___________.四、解答題11.設(shè)集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0.(1)若SKIPIF1<0,求實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值;(2)若SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,求實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值.12.已知集合A={x|0<ax+1≤5},集合B={x|-SKIPIF1<0<x≤2}.若B?A,求實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍.B能力提升1.若集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0之間的關(guān)系表示最準(zhǔn)確的為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0互不包含2.設(shè)a,b是實(shí)數(shù),集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<03.(多選)已知集合SKIPIF1<0,若集合A有且僅有2個(gè)子集,則a的取值有(

)A.-2 B.-1 C.0 D.14.已知A={x∈R|2a≤x≤a+3},B={x∈R|x<-1或x>4},若SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是________.5.設(shè)集合A={SKIPIF1<0},B={xSKIPIF1<0},且ASKIPIF1<0B,則實(shí)數(shù)k的取值范圍是______________(寫成集合形式).C綜合素養(yǎng)1.設(shè)集合SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<

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